VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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Sylvia Moosmüller different features to maintain an opposition. It should also be emphasized that a neutralization of F1 (speaker sp180 and speaker sp127) leads to a lowering of the formant of the unconstricted vowel /E/, and not to a rising of the F1 of the constricted vowel /e/. In other words, the unconstricted vowels assimilates to the constricted one 78 in neutralization, and not the other way round. However, given the non-linear relationship between articulation and acoustics, different articulatory configurations might lead to the same acoustic output. In Standard Austrian German, F2 of /i/ and /e/ might be affected. It has already been argued (Chapter 3 and 4.4.1) that the pre-palatal location of /i/ leads to a shift in cavity affiliation and, consequently, to a drastic rise in F3. It has also been argued, and it can be read from Table 4.14, that F3 drops drastically as soon as constriction degree is widened or constriction length is shortened. F3 of /e/ has, due to mid-palatal constriction location and concomitant back cavity affiliation, a lower value than in /i/, forming a center of gravity with F2 (see Figure 4.15). Since F3 of /i/ is relatively unstable, and since F2 of /i/ either has lower values than /e/ or identical values to /e/, the opposition of /i/ and /e/ might not be upheld over all speaking tasks and prosodic positions. Therefore, it is necessary to test whether an acoustic overlap between /i/ and /e/ takes place in any of the analyzed speaking tasks or prosodic positions. Tables 4.21 – 4.23 present the results. F1 L L Rs Rs Rus Rus. Ss Ss Sus Sus Sp012 269 316 284 331 317 376 330 373 337 364 Sp180 241 336 301 347 320 369 306 353 341 396 Sp082 – – 379 392 398 415 363 393 383 410 Sp129 – – 355 366 382 429 367 393 373 414 Sp126 – – 282 323 308 346 302 346 325 339 Sp127 – – 284 330 307 351 311 348 320 352 Table 4.21: Mean F1 values of /i/ and /e/ over all speaking tasks. Within each task, the value to the left represents the vowel /i/, the value to the right the vowel /e/. Statistically 78 A fact that challenges the undershoot hypothesis, see also Chapter 5. 100
101 Vowels in Standard Austrian German significant differences within each pair (p < 0.05) are marked in bold. Where the tvalue is positive, the pair is additionally in italics. Legend as in Table 4.12. F2 L L Rs Rs Rus Rus. Ss Ss Sus Sus Sp012 2078 2097 2054 2080 1918 1747 2079 1936 1758 1630 Sp180 2533 2562 2489 2421 2256 2135 2350 2441 2153 2037 Sp082 – – 2334 2410 2059 1891 2179 2184 1907 1873 Sp129 – – 2369 2461 2183 1997 2379 2293 2116 2044 Sp126 – – 2094 2095 1813 1713 1985 1911 1744 1597 Sp127 – – 2110 2086 1936 1777 2043 1924 1705 1744 Table 4.22: Mean F2 values of /i/ and /e/ over all speaking tasks. Within each task, the value to the left represents the vowel /i/, the value to the right the vowel /e/. Statistically significant differences within each pair (p < 0.05) are marked in bold. Two-tailed ttest have been performed in this case, since either direction is possible for F2. Legend as in Table 4.12. F3 L L Rs Rs Rus Rus. Ss Ss Sus Sus Sp012 3230 2817 2828 2618 2508 2267 2700 2478 2305 2198 Sp180 3413 3182 3179 3071 2916 2774 3042 2993 2781 2665 Sp082 – – 2893 2939 2509 2432 2733 2589 2475 2427 Sp129 – – 3063 3026 2782 2615 2993 2710 2656 2568 Sp126 – – 2697 2557 2351 2331 2561 2431 2270 2222 Sp127 – – 2674 2625 2439 2386 2516 2511 2403 2365 Table 4.23: Mean F3 values of /i/ and /e/ over all speaking tasks. Within each task, the value to the left represents the vowel /i/, the value to the right the vowel /e/. Statistically significant differences within each pair (p < 0.05) are marked in bold. Where the tvalue is negative, the pair is additionally in italics. Legend as in Table 4.12. As becomes evident from Table 4.21, there is absolutely no question that /i/ and /e/ are discerned by F1, i.e. degree of lip aperture, over all speaking tasks and prosodic positions. The opposition concerning F3, the most relevant parameter for constriction location, is only upheld by speaker sp012 and speaker sp180 over all tasks and prosodic positions. Speaker sp126 still maintains the opposition in stressed positions, but shifts the distinction to F2. The same holds for the stressed position for speakers sp082 and sp129 in the sentence reading task. It has to be noted that for these two speakers F2 takes higher values for /e/ than for /i/, a fact that clearly points to the pre-palatal location of /i/. Speaker sp012 also shows higher F2 values for /e/ than for /i/, but he discerns F3
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VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN
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Vowels in Standard Austrian German
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1. Introduction: Setting the Theore
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3 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germa
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11 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germ
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Hz 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 N
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� Speaker sp127: Student, male, 2
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Page 59 and 60: 4. Vowel inventory and features 51
Page 69 and 70: Spontaneous speech Long vowel + len
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Page 77 and 78: Height 0 10 20 30 40 u i o ö ü e
Page 83 and 84: Vowel category Variability Coeffici
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� F3 shows a high variability in
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c(xmin, xmax) 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.0
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6.2. Undershoot vs. Processes 179 V
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Therefore, it can be observed that
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Variability coefficient 40,000 35,0
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6.6.3.4. The vowel /E/ 215 Vowels i
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6.6.3.6. The vowel /u/ 217 Vowels i
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z-score 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,
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Appendix 269 Vowels in Standard Aus
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