VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN - Acoustics ...

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Sylvia Moosmüller Height 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Iuc07 Iuc18 Iuc23 Iuc12 Iuc11 Iuc20 ic04 Iuc05 ic05 ic08 ic01 Iuc13 Iuc14 ic07 Iuc09 Iuc06 Iuc27 Iuc15 Iuc22 ic02 ic06 92 Iuc04 Iuc01 dist(tF) hclust (*, "average") Iuc21 ic03 Iuc03 Iuc17 Iuc02 Iuc19 ic09 Figure 4.13: Cluster analysis of F1, F2, and F3 of all /i/ and /ç/ vowels in unstressed positions in spontaneous speech: speaker sp012. “ic” = /i/ [+constricted], “Iuc” = /ç/ [–constricted] It is noteworthy that in spontaneous speech, in stressed and unstressed positions, and in the sentence reading task, in unstressed positions, values for F2 and F3 are quite often reversed, i.e., /ç/ takes a higher value than /i/ (see Tables 4.13 and 4.14). This result might indicate a sound change in progress, where /ç/ adapts to /i/, in a first step, by neutralizing the degree of constriction (F2, F3), and, in a second step, by neutralizing jaw position (F1). Nevertheless, since at least two speakers uphold the opposition Iuc08 Iuc25 Iuc26 Iuc16 Iuc10 Iuc24
93 Vowels in Standard Austrian German between /i/ – /ç/ in spontaneous speech, assuming a complete neutralization of the pair is not yet justified. Due to lip protrusion, F2 remains a natural frequency of the front cavity for the pre-palatal rounded vowels. However, only a moderate lip rounding is favourable for the vowel /y/ (Wood 1986) in order to avoid too drastic a lowering of F2. Complementary larynx depression ensures that F2 and F3 come close together. Stevens (1989) even suggests that F2 and F3 come so close together that the spectral peak created by the formant pair is to be regarded as a single-peaked prominence instead of a two-peaked prominence (Stevens 1989: 17). This has in fact been observed for the vowel /y/ in the analysis of the logatomes (see Figure 4.14). Figure 4.14: Average spectrum of the vowel /y/ taken from the logatome “pübe”, speaker sp012. Wood (1986) also observed a lower tongue-body for the vowel /y/ as compared to /i/, which diminished the F1 contrast with /i/ (Wood 1986: 396). Pouplier et al (2004) report greater tongue-palate distance only for one out of three subjects. For the others, no relevant distance differences between /i/ and /y/ could be observed. In the unconstricted /Y/, lips are more intensely protruded (Valaczkai 1998: 131), although the ranges overlap. The degree of lip opening, is, as expected, greater for the unconstricted vowel. This very specific lip configuration, together with complementary larynx lowering and difference in tongue-palate distance, leads to a higher F1, a lower F2, and a similar or higher F3 for the unconstricted vowel as compared to the
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VOWELS IN STANDARD AUSTRIAN GERMAN
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Vowels in Standard Austrian German
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1. Introduction: Setting the Theore
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3 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germa
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11 Vowels in Standard Austrian Germ
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Hz 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 N
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� Speaker sp127: Student, male, 2
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143 Vowels in Standard Austrian Ger
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5.3. Processes vs. Coarticulation 1
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� F3 shows a high variability in
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c(xmin, xmax) 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.0
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6.2. Undershoot vs. Processes 179 V
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Hz 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 50
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Therefore, it can be observed that
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c(xmin, xmax) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0
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Variability coefficient 40,000 35,0
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6.6.3.4. The vowel /E/ 215 Vowels i
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6.6.3.6. The vowel /u/ 217 Vowels i
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z-score 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,
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Appendix 269 Vowels in Standard Aus
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