,il nwFP (r960-19t0) - Higher Education Commission
,il nwFP (r960-19t0) - Higher Education Commission ,il nwFP (r960-19t0) - Higher Education Commission
cnt ca Lfanil oEyE LO?nE ilT ,il nwFP (r960-19t0) Pnos?EcTt GHAU.ENGES AfaD FOUCV O?flOllS MUHAMMADASI-AM KIIAN NATIOT{AL INSTITUTE OF PAKISTAN STUDEIS OUAID.I-AZAiI UNIVERSITY ISLAUABAD
- Page 2 and 3: ,GRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS PROSPDCTS
- Page 4 and 5: CBRTIPICAT}'} Ilrir $.ri! by l"tt-
- Page 6 and 7: tanlml Th€r€ are so many instih
- Page 8 and 9: 5_2 5.3 5,4 55 6.2 6.3 6.3-l 6.3-2
- Page 10 and 11: 5.15'IrE gc cgiona! prcducl5&dGRP p
- Page 12 and 13: gemsara d@dd41or cli.nis Iqta th. t
- Page 14 and 15: Rivaj-e-lbpdti custon ofitrig.tjon
- Page 16 and 17: ADfC ADBP AKRSP BADP CRBC CIMMYT D.
- Page 18 and 19: . ChaPl€Fl LI - Stat€m€nt of
- Page 20 and 21: 1 ,3- JBriflc.tlon Th.re a.e so mny
- Page 22 and 23: osliculruft. ft ats hisNig)il3 .Sri
- Page 24 and 25: w.6 inisated, $ the b.ncn$ oi gld r
- Page 26 and 27: prcductivity .nd inl.Ffam dislibuio
- Page 28 and 29: n this study, dlt. n s bdn coltecre
- Page 30 and 31: ]cnudhrMohmn.d^drn.ryt',@/&*,@'gd 6
- Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2 Tbeoreticd rr.riewoik To
- Page 34 and 35: TIG Nes Govtn Tncorvr retEN dep€t
- Page 36 and 37: agricullurc cquiEs helry invcstncni
- Page 38 and 39: Irle thiid le€cl is tlE srcwins c
- Page 40 and 41: gtur ond pardy !s lms bul th. €ci
- Page 42 and 43: Chapter-3 l{orlh West F.ontler Prov
- Page 44 and 45: The Peshaw&, Meda, Ch@dda dd Swabi
- Page 46 and 47: fton lh$e l&8€ i.duslrial 6kr€
- Page 48 and 49: Chiud, Kud,l&jkoB dd Sear. Cullivar
- Page 50 and 51: coru E?on 198, our of ls, 53,049 a]
cnt ca Lfan<strong>il</strong> oEyE LO?nE <strong>il</strong>T<br />
,<strong>il</strong> <strong>nwFP</strong> (<strong>r960</strong>-<strong>19t0</strong>)<br />
Pnos?EcTt GHAU.ENGES AfaD FOUCV O?flOllS<br />
MUHAMMADASI-AM KIIAN<br />
NATIOT{AL INSTITUTE OF PAKISTAN STUDEIS<br />
OUAID.I-AZAiI UNIVERSITY ISLAUABAD
,GRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS<br />
PROSPDCTS'<br />
rN NWFP (1960-80)<br />
CIIALLENGES AND POiICY OPTIONS<br />
MOHAUIMAD ASLAM KHAN<br />
f$};a*li*-**rq:'<br />
2009
!a hntrr! .@lcty 6IU.EB of w.tttt ard povottt<br />
|t. tto m.b |orre.. of .vlt...wh€t! poPdatl@ b dlvftLd<br />
bio rn teo cLrlc. of tt! ?cty dcb .!d Ett Poor' t!6.<br />
cr! tc !o rcd .htq 6ot tb.t! c.r tG !o !t ! frrc!&hlp<br />
b.tccn tlc ch.s;t frlr|r|lttlP lr tlc 4cdr.t PdrdPrG
CBRTIPICAT}'}<br />
Ilrir $.ri! by l"tt- MrhlM.d A.l.D Kh.n n e4tt d it tlti! Feql tdE bv th6<br />
N.tind bn tub ofl'.Iidd slrd.r fd ED.gte 6f!! D o l''Iictd sNli!'<br />
s@iN a'tL.''^11^ | a-I/
N.\-!l0tiAl- L\sT!]-1,iTn ol J'AKI sl i'i\ :'l l')ll t<br />
cl . lAll)_l Az Al"l l,'^_nTRsl'rI<br />
JSTAMADA!<br />
\r; Jl c1 -D/)a'lr)llLAI 5PMINAl{ OFMl{ MjrrAMVAl) AsLA\l {llANi<br />
' " - r:u-O ScjHo_iAR_.lll'$, euApt-^zAl4 !rl,,ttvr.r clrY, l$L^.r'lAB4P:<br />
Tbe Delor.l S€ooarofvt Mll$mad A'tm Kh'n Ii' D S'hol'roflhi3<br />
rNlrrur. was lEl.l o. lgn l '1m9 in llr pr.i.ne of fa'llry n''trlr'r' indn {nl5 ll;!<br />
p. bnb.nce in rh. !.!rnar ol lr! Pn. D $.tr loPt "Agd'l'l( "! l)elrloPneri $<br />
:\'Vltt' (1960{tD Pn5E61t .h.[dAs sd Poli.t oPtiotrs " *$ qdsf'ctory<br />
42,..?e/"*<br />
/...,.^"^t;t (Di
tanlml<br />
Th€r€ are so many instihfions and indivi<strong>il</strong>uals who have helped Ine<br />
direcdy or indircctly in carrying out of lhis study. To siart with the insaitution<br />
my debt is to the HiSher <strong>Education</strong> Cornmission, Corial Univ€rsity Dera Isma<strong>il</strong><br />
Khan, National Institule of Pakislan Snrdi€s, Quaid_I-Azam University<br />
Islamabad, Pakislan Instihrt€ of Developm€nt economics Islamabad and<br />
lnstitule of D€vcloprenl Studies, Agricultuml UnivErsity Peshawar.<br />
The Higber <strong>Education</strong> Comnission has sponsorcd me lhrough iis<br />
indig€nous scholarship program. Gornal University ttera Isrna<strong>il</strong> Khan wner€ I<br />
am serving has allow€d mc wirh pay leav€ for tnre€ years. National Institute of<br />
Pakistan Studies, Quaid-I-Azam University Islainabad 4abled me lo be a<br />
scholar and Palistan lnstitute of Development €conomics as well as Institut€ of<br />
D€velopment Studies. Agricultural University Peshawar provided In€ valuable<br />
<strong>il</strong>ata on the subject. Besides thes€ therc ar€ nrany othcr research centers whos€<br />
help I car't forget like Pakislrn National documentation Center, Islanabad,<br />
NWFP Archives Peshawar and Rural Acad€my Peshawar-<br />
Among th€ individuals who played an imponant role in cnabling me to<br />
complele this work, my first debt go€s lo sqp€rvipor Dr. Naur€en Talha who<br />
guidcd me and influ€nce th€ shap€ of my th€sis lhiough discussions and<br />
coEection of the draft again and again. She may not be blamed for lhe<br />
blenishes that must remain in lhe th€sis.<br />
Also there are so nany authors fi'om whose works I benefited immenselv.<br />
I arfl greatly indebted to Malmood Hasan Khan, Chaudhry Ghaffar, John<br />
Mcllor and others who have witten a lot on the agriculture of Pakislrn. I am<br />
also thanktul to Dr. Syed Waqar Ali Shah, Dr. Lal Baha md Mian Nurul hlam<br />
whose valuable work on one or oth€r asp€cl of Nonh W€st Fronti€r Provmcc<br />
proved great helptul to me in this study.<br />
I am also thankful to administrativ€ and libQry staff of National Institut€<br />
of Pakistan Studi€s who were very coop€rativ€ with me during the course of<br />
time I spent wirh them.<br />
Last nol the l€a$ thanks 1o all rny colleagues panicularly Shakeel Abmad<br />
who Save me company dudng my stay at the campus of Quaid{- Azam<br />
Mr. Mohamnad Aslam Khan
Il<br />
t,2<br />
l3<br />
1.5<br />
r.6<br />
3I<br />
32<br />
33<br />
3.4<br />
4.1<br />
4.2<br />
4.3<br />
TABLE OF COI{TEI{T€<br />
COI{TDI{TA<br />
LG...sh PtoDLE{Asiculrural devcloPment in NWFP)<br />
statement of the problem<br />
objectives of thc study<br />
Rescarch Methodolos/<br />
OrSaniation ot the stud<br />
Notes dd refcrcnces<br />
th.oEtiql at|o4ott<br />
Notcs md Refcrences<br />
htsdrctio! to Agiiculturc r! l|xlFP<br />
t{orrh West Frontier Provin e, tand and people<br />
Economy of North West Frontier Plovince<br />
Asricultural sector ofihc economv ofNWFP<br />
R;gion-wise d.ta<strong>il</strong> of agricultue in NWFP<br />
Notcs dd rcfcrences<br />
Ht torldl brcltreund of igticoltunr<br />
.Lv.!opa.nt ttl ltslP<br />
Agricultue dcvelopment in Sub_Continent<br />
dunrE Muslis rure<br />
Asric;lture devclopment in Frontier districts<br />
durinA pre. British era<br />
Agliculture Development in Fronticr d'stncts<br />
durinE Bntish
5_2<br />
5.3<br />
5,4<br />
55<br />
6.2<br />
6.3<br />
6.3-l<br />
6.3-2<br />
6.5<br />
Emnomic dryclopment in NWFP (1950'60)<br />
(1) Industnar development<br />
(2) Aslicultual dcvelophent<br />
Economic dd€lopment in Pakrstan { 1960'70}<br />
(l) AsricultuEl developncnt<br />
(2) IndNrial development<br />
E oDomic ddelophent in NWFP (1960 70)<br />
(r) hdustrial dcvclopment<br />
(2) Agriculturar d€velop6ent<br />
Green r€volution in NWFP as @mP@d to<br />
other rcgions of Pakistan<br />
Notes and Refercnces<br />
Agrlcdtur.r DGslopBolt t! I{LFP (!97Gaol<br />
zA Bhutto €ra (19?l-77)<br />
(i) Public policy (ii) lznd rcrorn {1972)<br />
{iii) Economic pcrfoddce<br />
First th.ee yeds of zia rcgrmc (1977_80)<br />
(i) Public policy (ii) Lqnd rcfom {1977)<br />
(iii) E onomic perfomdc!<br />
Economy of NWFP duing l97o-80'<br />
lndustncs in thc Provincc<br />
Agricultural dcvclopment<br />
Shde of NWFP in the total crcps produchon<br />
Agti@ltual ddclopment durinA 1980s& 90s<br />
Notes and Refcrcnces<br />
Prelpocts, Ch.[.!gct .!<strong>il</strong> Poltcy oPtto!.<br />
Notes and Refercnces<br />
arEd.rt u<strong>il</strong> Corcru.btr<br />
Canal Iftigation ald ldd re.lmation<br />
Droiects completcd rn NWFP 11955_70)<br />
imialion prolets compl.ted in NWFP<br />
duong (1970-80)<br />
The North West Frontier P.ovince<br />
Tendcv Act 19s0 with amcn lmenls<br />
Martial law Reculabon 64 {19s9 Lsncl .cromsl<br />
Mcniat tpw Resllstion I l5 (1973ldd rcfom\i<br />
Land Rcforms Act, 1977<br />
Bibliognphy<br />
77-43<br />
a3 a4<br />
84-r0a<br />
0a t10<br />
111- 15<br />
t16-48<br />
t6 20<br />
L20-22<br />
r22-23<br />
123-26<br />
r26-,34<br />
13a-40<br />
t40-44<br />
145 4a<br />
t49-54<br />
159<br />
t6at-63<br />
1,66'67<br />
168'69<br />
70 21r<br />
212-222<br />
223-235<br />
236-243<br />
244-254
Llst ofTrbt€s<br />
No Title<br />
4.1 Revdue expmdinrc 4d dctic<strong>il</strong> olihe NWIP aoml90l to 1947<br />
4.2 Poportior of oMd dd to$t cdtivator in NWFP dding 1930s<br />
5-l Total Rd6!., ErPodir@ dd Deficit! oath€ Drevisc. duitrg 1947_ 1970<br />
5.2 The podulion of food ghim, su$rcec {d lob@o crops in NWFP<br />
dui.8 (1955- 1960) a.ompaEd 10 wdpg. pmdudon duins 1948-54<br />
5.3 Population of Palislan, P@jab and N\\'FP duing l95l _71<br />
5.4 Inv€slmert by th. F€ddal gov€tmd in indNFiot seclor in all lhe fou<br />
Pov<strong>il</strong>]6 ofPalbia! duinS 194?-'75<br />
5.5 Inv6cnmls by wesi Pakistrn lrdutrial Dcvclopmot Coaonlion<br />
durins ( 1962-?2) in lhe fou Ptoviu€s of wesl Patistd<br />
5.6 Thc pel959 led omhiP t*tu in P*islan ttd NWFP<br />
5.7 Cdal wald withdmwal by NWTI dd Pujab<br />
5.8 NMba of tub. *.lls in opdtion in th. provircd of Pdjab dd<br />
N*'FP duins 1963-70<br />
5.e Culdvard dd iFisaled d in Pujab sd NWIP d;ng 0948_ 19?O)<br />
5.lO CocunDli@ of f.rt<strong>il</strong>i6 inNWFPduing l95l_?0<br />
5.ll The .!e6ge musl qmlrty of imprcvcd $eds of wlr4t, maize dd 8rM<br />
5.12 Ad @votd by plart prcl@tio! opfalids in NWFP durin8 1960-70<br />
5.13 Thc aveBse atnual ..@c., prcducion dd yield peracre ornajor food ed<br />
cdh .rops in l.lWFP duinA 196055&1965-70<br />
5.14 Th. E€td in agncultud sroE& prevircial sh@ in tolal agricultu l<br />
prcductio., soss v.lue Pbduct pd fm workd in thc Provino6 of<br />
Punjab md NwF! duing I96G?0<br />
paSe<br />
58<br />
n<br />
83<br />
85<br />
36<br />
a1<br />
98<br />
99<br />
100<br />
I0l<br />
102<br />
lo3<br />
106<br />
108
5.15'IrE gc cgiona! prcducl5&dGRP pacapitaFdM inthe fou 109<br />
povitues of?ali$an duing 1969-?0<br />
6.1 Tlufaof €apitd to Pujsb dd lwFP thrcudt sukidi€s for &e l2l<br />
6.2 Shd€ olPdjab dd NryFP in dE tobl culii$led dea ofPakbld 126<br />
duing 19?l-80<br />
6.3 T.ble shoeirg ups dd dow tu wls iriSatcd al4 i. PMjab a ll2<br />
NWFP duing l97l-81<br />
6,4 Tolal rubdoftub€ welkop@tinginPujab&dNwrP duing 197G81 131<br />
6.5 Sh@ ofPuj$.nd NWIP h rherorlt inisrn.d d ofPakisro t14<br />
6.6 Ye&-wise ofltale offen<strong>il</strong>i&r inNwFP duine 197G60 l3s<br />
6.7 F.rr<strong>il</strong>ia @cuprid in Puja! r NWFP duing 09?1-1980) 135<br />
6.8 Ycd-wis distibrtionofimpbved @droftuin crcp8 irNwFP 136<br />
duing 0970-80)<br />
6.9 Th. avmg. mul a.@ec, pKlduction. ield rd fE ofnajor food 138<br />
dd c,sh crp! of h NWFP dEins 1970-75 6d 1975-80<br />
6.10 The perceni.gc olprevincialmual Irovth 6teofgtos crcp vah. 139<br />
duing 197G80 in Prltui5<br />
6.11 Prcvincial shlE in grcs value ofaericultural oul Pui ol 139<br />
?akisto ai cuMi prics (190)<br />
MAES<br />
3.1 GcoeFphical Map ofNonh W.st Frentid Prcvince<br />
6.1 leatron of indusEial uits io di|IeMt Fpois of NwFP 126<br />
26
Glosstry<br />
Aftab lord or naster<br />
Ar<strong>il</strong>s a rartuns colleiots of r6fl.d led revouc<br />
Band6 hmLk<br />
Bdiy. Hind! n@cyl@d6<br />
Rakttu she or lhe plot of & indiYidual<br />
Ranjol d*crt.d oi tun-cultivded ldd<br />
Baruni 6i. fcd<br />
Batoi shring ofpoduc. of l&d<br />
qga, o^d rbwdb to(cd labd<br />
Rurna\har ijnada4 who used b dr . l.nd at sne c.5h rat. md<br />
cltlival! <strong>il</strong> rkouSh lhc teMl! d nirEd lator<br />
Cha.her lmd thal renaincd fcllow @nliouously for<br />
lhE. or fou yea.s ,<br />
Cha*daot ttlan| F bulc l.rd<br />
Chdvdki.lar {aichme<br />
Choshas long .oats<br />
Dafa.i lddoMd<br />
Doftor @.pbor<br />
Dehqors p@t! or labots<br />
Dhinit nm-MBtin, ne toE payingrcligiou lar<br />
Diflan-i-MBtottraj ninistty of land d.nE<br />
Dhatudc4la tdPLs or Eindu6 Place ofeoshiP<br />
Famans ordd<br />
Faqir EliSoB nmdicdl w<strong>il</strong>h out sial statN<br />
Gtt black sugd<br />
Ghd,nir a sinpl. mrcnine N by buUocl(, u*d for ctushio8 sugd cdc &d<br />
dtr&tingjuicc fiDn <strong>il</strong>.<br />
Ghdlldbakl i shft ofstlt€ in ptoduce ofled conPuted in cah
gemsara d@dd41or cli.nis<br />
Iqta th. tditorial uit ot ldd sigM@t of thc si2c .onpmbl. (o<br />
lhc FMtprcvinc.<br />
Indns c6h wdd or a pdi of colmor 8t@ing l&d<br />
Jonb scd 6 t abt sylr.n 6 wcll s . ui1 of ldd .qual !o l,2rh of<br />
,i cd.l<br />
Jvaa a tnb.l com<strong>il</strong><br />
Kadar 8o@or<br />
leltue tributa<br />
kantut-batai tn. alPnisd ofsbt 's ponion by iNpelion of staldng crop<br />
dd dividing thc prcduce at ihtdhing odi<br />
Khan chicfofthe rrib.<br />
Kiturs Eind! lddlods<br />
Xhud|Nht alfcultivabr<br />
Khtu j-i M'q@dtu .3ylldn ofland @dE in abich @t ofbtrd ch..g.d wa<br />
PrePoniona& to gFs Yield of Lnd<br />
Khttuj-i Mu*du! a sysim ofldd r.voue in which a nx€d dded ws nade<br />
itup€.live of dlc &tut Fodttcc of Lnd<br />
Ktoaj a l.x 6ll-kd &oh m-MElim forpreviding th.m safctv in<br />
kl.D. srsl@ of covclmor<br />
K el sEtio! of a tribc<br />
tt ash moulh divisid: h uD-iricaredsddv.eof L*ld M@al<br />
Khudkasht nal<strong>il</strong>@n p..st pllpncro6<br />
trhatoda$ tribal ldy<br />
Kit ,<br />
p.6e1<br />
l
Katuin uFtarl I<br />
Kha" Rahadur h.6ic lids g<strong>il</strong>cn by Bndsh6<br />
Aad Khan Sahib lo tltii Patntd faithtul<br />
Inhbdnla, a viU!8. hadmaJ! who u€d lo coll4l land r*au. frcd the<br />
@_ v<strong>il</strong>ag4<br />
Mohajd, mon ylodd<br />
Mansabdon a srsh in which hold6 gf,i1ama, bolh Zmid$ ed<br />
hgirdG w@ agcntt of dP@t dd w@ boud to 6td{<br />
36vicc n<strong>il</strong>itary d oth.Ni* whd hc @ calLd upd lo do e.<br />
Thac wet€ popL who w@ .llowed io collsi lmd @venue<br />
undd their char8..for lhmselv€r'<br />
Motuab 6nt!, meing frDh 20lo 10000<br />
Ma@ lh. cgSrcgale of lcw v<strong>il</strong>a86<br />
Molit a l.ading m& ofthc lm<strong>il</strong>y<br />
MalitKobzd oMd by por*son<br />
MMM| hald<strong>il</strong>ary<br />
i4irubi c6s sup€RGory Lt on c@! e.t€r<br />
vuqaAtuns a^d MuB Hindu chrls md ZdurrdaA<br />
Mullahs ad Wd rh. pn€sdy cl6s<br />
Mdl<strong>il</strong>Kattu oMdbyposdion<br />
N6ac she ofsbie io pFduce of land pardle in c6h<br />
Noaho ab3.nre lee<br />
Pauis<br />
pi@6ofw@l6ololhe<br />
P!ryaM<br />
pob ltad whicn ws fdi<strong>il</strong>c dd @Dtdlly under cultiv.tiod<br />
lndut<br />
ldd wnich wd occisionally bn f.llo*<br />
Potuatit rh. k €pa oflh. v<strong>il</strong>laS. lad r€cord<br />
@^ryo"<br />
lhesuldYi oflh.Pdrrutqt<br />
Raitatwn i. lhis ststd d,r!l or cultivald hs d hditable ed fiusfq<br />
Rotttl crlltv.toB<br />
abL relrt ofcultivaiion md nddgcn€nl oflmd
Rivaj-e-lbpdti custon ofitrig.tjon<br />
Rxhnia doct 16 of l6.a4P@ch€d by Pir Rokld l
zaitdori ldd divid€d in 4<strong>il</strong>s (PortioB) undd ald( (@.nue<br />
@Ie.ror) for l!qu. o[61io<br />
zdbti asslncft by nBuing lh. ldd culdv*cd<br />
zLbt cashpryD. of Prcd@otr&td
ADfC<br />
ADBP<br />
AKRSP<br />
BADP<br />
CRBC<br />
CIMMYT<br />
D.I.K<br />
DDT<br />
CRP<br />
tIYvS<br />
IDS<br />
IRRI<br />
IRDP<br />
JARD<br />
MKP<br />
MLR<br />
MNTAC<br />
NOOs<br />
NARC<br />
o?Ec<br />
P,L<br />
acRolfrus<br />
A8!c!hru veEity P6hawd<br />
Agricuhr Ddelopndt Fi're Coryohlion<br />
Agiculnuc Ddelopn nt Batt of?alisid.<br />
Aencull@ D€veloFnent Adhonty.<br />
AuslElid lrldational Ddelopmmt Asisrare D!F!<br />
Auslralid Cdter of Intln.tional AgricultuE R6eeh.<br />
A8na (nd Rural suppot losan.<br />
B&&i Atca D€v€lopmdl Po8rm. l<br />
Chalm tu8lu Bor C{.1.<br />
Catro l mtional De M.jorminoio Dc Maiz Y Trigo.<br />
Dichlor Dc Phoyl Tri Cholm Ethdc.<br />
lood ed ,ASricultw o'Ssization,<br />
Crcs RegjoBl ?rcdels.<br />
Hieh Yi.ld v&i€ty c.d.<br />
lstihle of Dcv.lopnal Siudies,<br />
lntemational Rrce Re.ed€h I$titule.<br />
lnlegEred Rlrd DdelopB|dr Pregtu.<br />
JoU@l of Rudl Dd€lopndt ed A.l,ninbtndot<br />
Manid rrw Rcgdation.<br />
Ministry of Food, AgicllNE ed Coop@liv6.<br />
North Wdir<strong>il</strong>tln fuocy.<br />
Notr CoY€motal OrSid2a,tiG. '<br />
National Agricrltft Rca.eh Cdtrc,<br />
Nord Wesi Frentid Ptuvince.<br />
o.g6izalion of Pdolcm Exponitg CouEi6.<br />
On Fam Wdler MMgcni.nl. I
PIDE Pakisra Instittt€ ofD*l@bat Eco.omi6<br />
PARC Pakiste agriculr Reseh counctl<br />
PARD Palistan Acaddy ofRurd Developndt<br />
PIDC Pakist& Industial D4.lopmdt Coryoration.<br />
?lClC Pelista! tndlsitial Credit & Investn.nl CorPoraiion.<br />
PW! ?6p16 works PDerd.<br />
PASSCO Pa*isto Agriculu€ SbraSc ed Sdic6 Colloral'on<br />
Pru Prcdu@Ind€xunit<br />
PPP ?ak<strong>il</strong>t n Papldlarty.<br />
PQLU Pht6ical Qusliti€s oflifc Index<br />
RWP Ru6l WdbPogre.<br />
SIDB Soall lnduslriB De\.loPnor Bottd<br />
SSIDB safiad smatl Ind$lri6 D+elopDdt Bo$d<br />
SV,/A South Wein$6 Agacy.<br />
SRSP SBhad Rml Suppon Pogru<br />
SCARP Salinitycort l.nd Rcl@tior Prce@.<br />
TIPAN Imfolmtim dd Intcgrarion of Povincial agricultMl N.twork<br />
T&V Tninine fld Vkii.<br />
TNT ThoMd Nuri@t T@.<br />
US AlD U.ited StdB Agdcy for hldational Ddelopm.d-<br />
UNDP L nrtd \aLion Dtvelopo.nt Prcctd<br />
V.AID V<strong>il</strong>bge Agicuhnal rnd lndusLial Dcvcl@nol.<br />
\{?lDc w.si P.kist& bdutrial Devcl;pmdl Coryoratio.<br />
WPADC W.st Palistin A8.ic'ntua Dd.lopndl CoryoPt'on<br />
WAIDA Wdcr dd ?ows D€veloFlcnr Aulhor<strong>il</strong>v.<br />
zAB Zulfiqd Ali Bhuno
. ChaPl€Fl<br />
LI - Stat€m€nt of lh€ Problem<br />
RESEARCH PROBLEM<br />
Thc ESion i.d.y cmiioling Nonh W6l Fontiq Prcvince *!s 4onmi llv tt !0r<br />
wnh o$.r pans of Punjab in lhe pft-Btiish era Thc Br<strong>il</strong>isfi dcveloped the lndus<br />
basin crn.l sFr.m thc @'ldyl.r8esr d. in Punjab tnd Sind dlring 1830'1930<br />
Itu Indls bdin oDl sfsrd bblgblfrne'dds pb86 lo tgicullE r $€s<br />
prcvirce!. The wetk be of sgricultorc in the pE6'nt NWFP is taced b3ok ro the<br />
lfoEr.ntiorcd Fn.d 'hd no EDa'hbL i[ieltio! proi€ct w!<br />
Fontiq disticls. This pln of llnd could nor b€reft fEm irisalion developFenh ro<br />
lhe sn. d.sre 6 Punjft ud Sind. Thc Q6lioo<br />
tnsps whv rrontier distrrcls could<br />
not shaE eruny tllc imladon dcveloprcno wlledq bsic €u* of ib d'pivation<br />
fton inigation develoPndt was non fddb<strong>il</strong>nv and inlccessib<strong>il</strong>itv ol h<strong>il</strong>l, Giiatn or<br />
rh* bordcr disnrc!? or uliBrirish st m. of d*.ll.B of rhis cgion hindersl irs<br />
&wlopmc l wlEt cq th. cru$ nay b. lhe inr.Frcgiml sononic incqulhiet<br />
thus on.. bom, d*paned '<strong>il</strong>i lle pa$rgc ol nme<br />
S.cdd pt* of iagltid.l md rlriculbnl dcrclopne sdded in Pikison<br />
durins 16l. l95os 6nd l%os Ihis tibc ld 6ost of rd Barases, Sipho's Dans and<br />
link smls bu<strong>il</strong>q .dded 10 lh. llr€dv itriStled a@ of Punj'b and sind v'ry lew<br />
srdl drtu like WrNI( KusD G ni, TDdt ltd Khlnpu w'E bu<strong>il</strong>r i' NWFP thlr<br />
could mr bring any dajor chcnge in (ne toul iri glled l and of the pmvi'cc ln 1960s<br />
and 70r, boln plblic and pntlle tub. *ells *@ insr.ll'd in p'kisbn Th' shaE of<br />
NWFP in these tob. wetls *$ nominrl Onlv No pcrc' oi tobl cull<strong>il</strong>rr'd aEa in<br />
NrvFP was idtlted by tubc wclh. Tub. qcll insbll.tio! ddded t6 the nig'rtd arc!<br />
in Plnjtb gstly and !t dE dd of l9?6i orc sitlh o'cultira&d ara in Pu'jab sA<br />
inigalcd by Nbe w.lls. Iher. is ' need lo.xplore *hv NWFP could nor bonclir fom<br />
ftig<strong>il</strong>ioMl d€v€loDrunr ro llle eDe lercl as Indus basin Egions during 1960_30'<br />
Modco agriculoFl inplls like fen<strong>il</strong>id impEved vari'ries of *tdt planr<br />
p@tecrion nasures sdE applicable to iFi!,cd aG$ bnlv Th'reroE rhd E a need<br />
of dbEugn inGtiSiion b rrcv wh.tlEr dE frmcB in NWFP b'tufii'd ftm<br />
Dffhaniarid tnd noden .slicultudl inpu6 sd b *hat exle'r as conplEd b<br />
o H Fovinces oi P.lislan. Covement.nh'n'd cddir Lc<strong>il</strong>iries and 3dv' subsidv<br />
m a'nost all asncrlunl inpub and nnnor'red Pduremcnr fn6 or rojor
iSncul<strong>il</strong>Bl cDps lim tie lo line wh.tier dc fimcc in NWFP lva<strong>il</strong>ed the<br />
fic<strong>il</strong>in6 ott Ed by go*'mcnl ol P'Lishn io l96oe? The atuwB ro rh'e quesrions<br />
*<strong>il</strong>l be explorcd in lhis study To loov about rhe cluss ol compantiv'lv la$tng<br />
shE of agnculuE in IIWFP, inv.srigarion of v.ndos physiql. ircttotioml an'l<br />
.cononic questio.s like tlle sle ol govmmenl D dissenin ing cchnicel<br />
inlmtion .nd bD*l.{kE, mblitg faftF b &c.d' b phvsic'l inpuB reno ng<br />
sheE ever posiblc .nvirchncllll obslacles and inproving the sldctuE af<br />
inc.ntrr.! w<strong>il</strong>l h.\e b b€ uploEd on $. inkrpotincial le\cl<br />
L2. OblocUvos oa ihc study<br />
(i) T[e @r8jtrg sdno of slobllianid d.m.ds a 9p€ ot nepcllBE rhat cd<br />
compete in tlt globol tukd The agti.lltlE in tlE NWFP lhough diversiiied tnd<br />
posss DoEmial bur is s<strong>il</strong>l utrdd de4lop.d Th.E is. diE ne€d ofa rhooud!<br />
study o. .glioulturc ol lhe tgion lo inv.stig{re $c ftcbs whi'h cau*<br />
blclw.rdft$ of agricul@ in th. pmvi@.<br />
(ii) whm s..i Ehlldo; khnolosi.s @rc inLodlccd in nod of rc l'$ devclop'd<br />
counties of $e world g€ftolly rnd Patjslon pldiculerlv it lale l96osThe<br />
agicuhusl eonmisll hirc divc$ vids .tbur rhc inpoca of lh* techmloBies on<br />
NWFP, son. agicuxuBl eononisk arc ol tlE vi.w lhat no 8reen rcvoluiion rook<br />
placc in NWFP, othd @ift {ut 8rn Evolurian ote€d NWFP with lull s*ing bur<br />
w<strong>il</strong>h some dcldy. This stldy is crried om !o tno* dbou developndll i! agiculruE<br />
of $e Esion sine ib im.pton gp'mllv md dudnS 1960 b 1930 prnicuhnv *he'<br />
gr€n rMlution &chnologies *q€ widc spreod. Ite sludv w<strong>il</strong>l focus on ltnd<br />
cfom, lh. .xdr of titulv tviibb<strong>il</strong>itv of inru6 likc. Mrer, fcn<strong>il</strong>ias HYv $cds<br />
p.sticider, inscclicides and nodcm raming inplen'nls litc rBcton<br />
'hFsheE<br />
TlE study *<strong>il</strong>l !l$ di&uss inDaoll of igticultunl p"icv pek!8e like ldd retbms<br />
pric. suppon sten, input subsidi.s and cFdn &c<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>ies sxend'd bv lh' 8awnncnt<br />
(iii) Th. snrdy w<strong>il</strong> induce rhe afiorls ror inPovins dE livinS sbndlrds in rh€ dt'l<br />
rreas ofth. povince wheE 4licultu i.lhe Dain source ollivelibood As lhe $udy<br />
G sDadevotl in irs nioE on iSFcul$El i,ev.lopDenr in lhe Provirce x mav<br />
stimulate rh. policy nrkl6, pdclirimqs i.d Esotrches who$ da<strong>il</strong>v concem bnngs<br />
$d inio dirccr contad wnh lll. probl€m of lasgins athcullurc' b do rharcugft wolt<br />
n 4rrculluE oINWFP i. tuNE<br />
ct
1 ,3- JBriflc.tlon<br />
Th.re a.e so mny ro G o, .vety arp.cr of igriculbre of P*isbn Mosl oi<br />
rsriculonl ..miL hrtc i .ttEGd ibb iim Punjab tnd Sind in dEn so*s<br />
Mdhned Hasd. Kh.n obsefle!, the rclearch p@blcms of orhe' ffias, pan'curaav<br />
Balrchish $d f,IwFP d€gE shne @nnidel tor .t l4!r No o$ns lidlv 'ts<br />
lgricullural p@blms ift in nany ways dore conple-r a'd intrlobble lnd scondlv<br />
rhcE is rrE prcblen of st;sly in!d.4u& inrom.tion and d.li on the& poblmsr'<br />
h w<strong>il</strong>l nor h€ nnjud to add lhtr chNdhry Muluddld Aslt# h's his PhD qorr<br />
on rne asdcuhml &velopft.r 6r th. prolincc of Baluchisun ion Te6pl€<br />
Univ.6<strong>il</strong>y, U.S.A. N.HMid,M N@cm.dSA Huseinr hlve then PhD wolk on<br />
Dcvelopmenr and Slructure ol agnouxur. with special reierclce lo Punjab lrcm<br />
$rnlord su$x and DoYis Unimi.ics, S N zihid h6lis PhD wo& on Aanntn<br />
Dcvclopbenl of Sind frcn Sh.foid Univcnitv Agr<strong>il</strong>ullu(e in NWFP h diveFe in<br />
dE sE rh{ all thc inpotunt tru<strong>il</strong>s and tood.rops e Ao*n h@ Our of th' l0<br />
lglFlinalic zm.s cs oarled bv Palishn Agnculh)Fl R'sea'ch counc<strong>il</strong> 6 're<br />
loc.t d in NWFP Star vdley dnd tne .djtcent aads of Hoara ore th' 6mv $ns<br />
wlEr co cullivarion is posibl. on 2, Oi o0O acrcs lmd Forcslry. livcnel fdlB<br />
and rcsscblc hrve gr.aioppodun<strong>il</strong>ies ofd.velop6'nr in Nwf_P So f6! as works on<br />
agricuhuE i. NVFP is 6tu.h.d dep( Mid Nw kbnt. Muh'nFad Ahnad<br />
Kha.i md othes hav. pul foN.d rnst wotk ih lhc lom of nunber or monosFphs<br />
ond €Frs published by fom.r Berd of E€onomic Enqurry 'nd larcr lndnul. of<br />
Dcv.lophenl studies (lDD Asncuhnl UniveBitv Pcsb'*!r Morc<br />
of rh. t FB in l@l joumls, m pnps dmugr v *oir h's bc'n done on lhs<br />
subjet anof,g si.l scieDnsb so lhet i5 a n*d b f<strong>il</strong>l rh' g!p' Th'rcfor€ Ph o<br />
disnahon on asnclhual d.vcloPndr id l\rwFP is cmied oul Findinss ot rhe<br />
study v<strong>il</strong> b. hehrul for th. !8riclltuE depaftnl or NWFP ts wcll as orhe'<br />
ag.ncies thli are intrcsted in rh. inpmv.me olagiicullute ofrhe pov'nce<br />
Dunns th. po-Bntih petud nlc {rcwlopmen6 h.ve 6ren plt@ in lhi! pln of h'd<br />
th.l today consl<strong>il</strong>ules P.kistsn Sd foi tgnculton of the E8i'n is conened kraD<br />
Habib' ind Shireen Moosvi! h.ve 6eir sorl o! ryBntn sv$'m 'no 'g6nan<br />
oonont in Subcdti*nl ddirg Mugh,l rule. The foma h$ rt<strong>il</strong>ed rht eNs tnd
condirim ol p.eru and zntdol clls and rheir EisbN. lo MuBlEl Empire'<br />
Magnitod. of hnd rcdue desind, $. n.lhods and svsctu of land Evenuc<br />
as$n€nr in dif.rent csion oflh. empirc h.ve b*n described The laner has<br />
dhcu$en exrcnl oi .ultivalion, meats oi culrivrtion irigd(ion and asnc lturcl<br />
producrions in son. dcL<strong>il</strong>s She lE pE*nled delarled accounr df land revenue'<br />
.eNiu cononY and sid shdE<br />
As Bod of th. lgricuhN d.wloFrcnl hs GuF€d in SubconriD'nt dlnna<br />
Bndsh role Md in thk regird. Imn Alit lss nade a deh<strong>il</strong>e! accoml of.s.icullurc<br />
developnenl in Pu.jab durins BdtGb dlc The d€velopbent or Indus basn canaL<br />
syslen as well $ developbe.t of diffprc.r caml tolonies in Punltb has been<br />
descnb.d. A K. Kh.lidro h6 lis n ali& on aetdM hisrorv ol P*isbn ind coves all<br />
rhe inpoianr scls 6lcn ftr d.rclopGnb of Agiculurc fFn rh. time of Muslih<br />
In the Po$ F€nirion period scond ph.* of |gricultutal dcvelopmenl ianed<br />
when rh€ sbgnsnl alricuhuft sror *ds lm6fomed inlo dyntnic one in 1960s borh<br />
dmush nesr irig.lio. pojeds ad ihe t.chloloaical brsk thro!8i in Pali sbn 'lhe<br />
isbuaiion of tnvrc bb€ wells, inttoducrion or \is[ vield vnrieti.s sads lor<br />
ditr@nr cbF, th. ue ofoodeo inpuB 3uch s r.n<strong>il</strong>izD lnd insticides and tb'<br />
neh.nialion of t<strong>il</strong>lrgc oDestioN hcvc cnhanced dE iel,culturd gro*b nre. TheE<br />
arc nany debslcs in rhe lit€siure lbout enploJm€nl ss well as si4 and scale<br />
pospecrs und€r rh. 8r*n rcvohlion lechnolocy<br />
Mrim@d H.s Khan ha four wot*t and h.s al$ tublistud I lor of pap€G on<br />
vdio6 isp€.b oarsriculiuE |ire aBF ion ntuctuE,land GnoE. ogricuhne rcsrch<br />
and gE. E$ldion in nadoul 6 *ll .s i.redriml jouo<strong>il</strong>s likc lhe Quaderlv<br />
Joumal of E ononios, E onomic Intdrio.al, Popuhtion and Devel@menl<br />
Revier', Anelican Jounal ofAgriclltuBl Ecmonics, World Developmen' and<br />
'Patistlr D.lclopoent Review . Hi IiFt wo&rr is mai.lv concemed wirh l@kin! al<br />
,gn( ulM &rn8 I . g.'mb' of $lplus non.v thor lindnc'<strong>il</strong> 'ndD'tri'lizriun Hc<br />
h$ i&nnficd dt agl.n.t tuctoE !s a diff.Entud on , co6istinB or rhr laver,<br />
(i) ihe rerdcl csriouhue (ii) ib€ persrnt csncultu€ ed (iii) rh. apiblisl 'gicuxue<br />
The tuin lheris of thir wo.k could be 3ummdrizd as; the 8rccn revohl'on hrs nol<br />
in facr. tumed oul to be ts Eten as son. $ouslr <strong>il</strong> lo be, and ih.r <strong>il</strong> could have becn<br />
oade nuch noE green if mly the agnridn structu€ hN'i been rh. ienl ore"rr' ln this<br />
wo sctuE i3 e.. !s ! stltesic f.ctor cond<strong>il</strong>i@ing dE ploduction posit<strong>il</strong>itv of
osliculruft. ft ats hisNig)<strong>il</strong>3 .Sricullurc !! social as *.ll s pohical unit gis lhird<br />
wo&Lr expcs thc he mture of Patisbnt aericrlturc' He fi8 rlleeed th. tbulrv<br />
stutut of agriculru€ ir P.li.Ln fot componiGins 0E p!.ducrio. pos<strong>il</strong>ihi's Hc<br />
ias hiShliShled lhc sial .nd elhical forcs for und.rstondina rh' 'eBrian ntucturc<br />
and ir5 sielncarc€ for econdnic d.velopdent He hrs de*.ib€d hov a<br />
pcdomim y aodal tucruE ch.ne6 wirh rhc p@8. oatift inio Lud.l-capitalisr<br />
nould. His foudh *orkrr is collerion of his pap.s aterdv published i. rbs jouoal<br />
ol Paknb. Inshut. of DeveloDnent ecommi.'<br />
M. ch.fin ClEnehry h$ @fticd ou. hk PhD di$edii" 6n lh' cde'<br />
Rcvoluljon and inoome inequrlities 16 fion Univm<strong>il</strong>v of wisonsi' Mtdi$n and<br />
al$ cofinbll.d s ody articl.s publisncd in mlioul.nd i edliomlioumak<br />
!6lie Nnlry[ mtibu!6 in tu th.ring aweEs abour thc whole ph<strong>il</strong>o$phv<br />
and objeclives of dcvelopnenr during C]!.n Remlurion Sone or rhe aforenentioned<br />
wod{s havc corcentacd hav<strong>il</strong>y on 'rdtit.live metlipds and olh.6 hav. usd purc<br />
eonomic thedica b hishligh incorc imqurlites rh.t blosn.d rmn E or SFen<br />
Evolutidd tebnologies, vhich occuftd during latc I960s Ihe aulhor suggens lha(<br />
$a poblm iFsho is gening d'e b.neliB ndu rhan wh is rh' nk 6f Ftum<br />
Hd.in& Ron<strong>il</strong>d and M Ghifrar Ch.udhi.v in $cn nudvrr cvaluatd rh' 1972<br />
la0d sioms ncasuft i. P.tistan, <strong>il</strong>s idp.cls o! d8licullural produciivitv, Income<br />
disdbuton rd .mploynicnl tnd higli lid obsbclA lo dEir €l,al'on.<br />
tj& Nrbi, Ncv.ed Afinrd tnd Sh.hid z.bid in cn studvre d.ste hGroncal<br />
chrnS.s in ratisttn asricuhur. .!d tb€ eff.cts of tucruml md non strucrunl ospeob<br />
of policy on 'Sncultore. Thc& annbu .E of rhe vicw thar inve$ relrrio' sh'P<br />
b.N*n fam sia md p'lnucdvity m/ no lonsd worL According ro dEn land<br />
dnrribuion and tenlncy Floms hrve littla e'I*r on Lhe pbductiv<strong>il</strong>v otagricultuE<br />
trfrn ul ltlqe s€1 for$ thc linkgc clfer bctwd fimci'8 of agpculurc ttxt<br />
asricultuGl growth in rtkbtn A dau on aCrioltDral fimnce and main croF ol<br />
Pikist.n has b..n prese.cd in the ro Th. .dv!nr.8.s of p8s book svst'n lor<br />
ssy cd to ct dii tnd tn lgdcultuEl tcn hd b€€n hignlighr'd<br />
Vaq{ Abmad and Rllhid Anjad i! ihet work.:rbesides d'$ribins P'kisEn<br />
Econont during d€ tust lhr dec t s al$ dalva the wrying d'gtee of<br />
FrloDttue<br />
of lgicultu. Th.* audDF .E of dE vlcv rh:t de Pakitu Economv<br />
semmed pnft.l<strong>il</strong>y Fom rhc iMb<strong>il</strong>ig oftgricultur ro prcvide ad'quah opponln<strong>il</strong>ies<br />
ior full emplotftnt. Tney ar8e $.t na$iv. poverty in runl secror sd a numb€! of
other s@io-@ononic p;bl.os ao* lDm sketr.d dkribllion of lsnd owne6h'p<br />
Goftm.nl could nor lom any int SEt d policy id 1950s Except lew inigttion<br />
poj*tJ no .ttenlion *c !6id ro rhc dcElopnat or agricurt'E €ror hi i was<br />
.xploiLd for cipiial lomition i. noi{griculiu€ sloF Some chrnS' in pubhc<br />
po licy fivomble ro agnculrurc occufted in I 960 lhat coino ided *nh 8r.en e eo luron<br />
Fi6t four chaph3 of Syed Alb{ aidi\ b@L2 ,ft ab.ul agridXue<br />
develophc ol Patjsn. H. h^ dall lhe No nyhs (i) Patisl,n is m.inlv<br />
asicultohl ind (ii) Palisth 0encullur. k feudal He has di$tr*'d contiiburion of<br />
aencuturc ro Palftbn economy, rhe Drurc of agnculluBl Prdductioni culrivdcd<br />
as, cop6 yi€ld dd olls cMhnpoEry ises Eldine ro PaLslnn .8riculNre<br />
Abotrr rhe sond mrth , hor Llls rhd latBc holdings arc cooiF l Nnh liudaUn in<br />
Patdshn. H. adds fial lgiicultore is no more feudalistic bur cap<strong>il</strong>d_inre'sve<br />
aciicult!re doniMtes. Tha lulllor h!5 .ls .ldircd chanScs tt agrtcutrure secbr<br />
drnt lBrc o*rn pl&e siM 1960s.<br />
s M. akhbl], B A. Azhall, On r Nonmz5 .nd P.rvaiz Hasrn" have ftn<br />
wo s on.cononic de!.lopmenl in Plkisbn dunh3 ih e&lv decsdes ie l950s,<br />
1960s lnd l9?0s. Th€y hrve tl$ di$used a&.iclltunl dcvclopne gtrcmllv ain<br />
hive inEAELd dre d.b nosdy ftom Punjrb tnd Sind. All o' rll.n hrvc nor<br />
discu$ed th. lasCrng sht ofasriculluft i. NWFP<br />
TltG.xist conLadictory vids in lh. ledine vo<strong>il</strong>s on agncuXurc in Pakistrn<br />
about dE inp&b ofgEo EvolDrior btrologiA on ditfednt rcgions rnd dttt'rent<br />
siEs or fims. Khant. KiEmal|, Alvi', ralconr0 and Gnmn'' ar. otrh' view rhat<br />
rhe beftl<strong>il</strong>s fon snwrh oxPrnetue undet rreen rvohtion tshnologv hove not been<br />
dislribuL'd unifomly b.rwen laq. a.d smll fams The ra's€ fatu b'netkd<br />
gedy. Fdcd a.g!6 dd even dDuSh in s.v mod'n i'pnb $ch 6 sed 'nd<br />
fefr<strong>il</strong>id arc si3 reuhl i. pElicc th.v ire mc , Sim<strong>il</strong>arlv Cnffrn poi edour.<br />
''The lechnical inp s Equir.d by lhe g@n revolution'cft e$entiallv !'ale nellnl'<br />
bd the i$liturio6 IquiFd by rhe ft, Lchnolag/ oftd !rc mi" He fudhc' addcd<br />
fial go!.nn ot pognm suh 6 pric. appd fr our pur and subsidier on 'npur<br />
rended to benelit bis l.mes mdnly".<br />
Khrnrr, cdmit, sr8.ha', Aluii au*irr, Falcona. tnd cotshar dE or rh€<br />
viry thrt rh. intuduclion ol grn Evolurio' rehnolog led ro 'ncMtng ruEr<br />
i.cone dtplnty in P.rhan Thes.uthoc hold lhar th. b'nefib o' cchnology<br />
rehaired rcstncEd ro inig.Gd tMs alon., as in Punjab.90 p€rcent cuhivated a@a
w.6 inisated, $ the b.ncn$ oi gld revolltion remain.d Estricted lo Puojtb onlv<br />
Punj.b wiit !. .libomle synd or cansb tnd islallation of tub. wlls is lik'lv ro<br />
hlve nade hmendous Saim in lS.cultoBl prodlclioD as conpared io olhet<br />
provinoes esp€cially NWFP 6nd Baluchistin, vhere lericuhuml poduction h0ve<br />
3hom rc visibL sigs of inpb@l Th.s appEhallsioD kn b $c cmlusim of<br />
ri6irg infi povincid dis?rnty Khrn poi.6d out lh lhet Pr'_occupalion with<br />
iaGin! duFur levels, policy mrkes relcg.tcd ihe dikibulive aspect ol then pohoes<br />
ro th. bmkround. Th@ is l<strong>il</strong>de doubr lhai l0 p.re.r oi th€ fadts in Pakisr$'<br />
own<strong>il</strong>g 25 acEs or nd dd &coding for 4l p.t'nt of t,l. fmcd 8er'<br />
sp.ad€arled $. ssxicult<strong>il</strong>l chlnse and weE ns 6aih b€tuficiades C.Nquendv'<br />
thc incw disp.riri.s ri$ in agricultua cetuitlv hrv. widen'd { Sim<strong>il</strong>'dv<br />
C.ifiD s]3, Th. oost inponanl ssn lor lhe bis oa the g@n tvolution is thc<br />
bi.s of govemmenr policy Fo! nany v.{6 extension and lnvesltoenl prcgmni rn<br />
.gncuhuE h.ta h€en devocd ro oising outpur. rheir pdo"v "nccm h$ nor bcco ro<br />
incEas the welfatc oarh. drl popuhtion std ro idpEve the distributive osp€t of<br />
rh. incone md we0ldl $, 8i8chi sha@ lhese vie*s as "lhe basis of regiotul ond<br />
cla$ *is iftqu.lity i' ln. di*ibulion of g,iG ol agFcultuml Psd&r<strong>il</strong>itv htd<br />
llnldy b€en lrid in the arlid yac rkough ihc sotLi.S oul of th' policies Th'*<br />
aurhon are o<strong>il</strong>hc vier lh con@Lation ofagncultu$l llndhas incrced dunng the<br />
gFen rYolurion P€riod*<br />
c.nelry ro rhis c<strong>il</strong>audhry Ghrff.r Dd oth€6 iE ol tF iew t''r t 8En<br />
revolurion rechnolog} wts tize neutrl" and *aL noural , msning lhot dl tv?' or<br />
tldcs, i.e., solll or bi8, p@r or nch .q!.llv b€Delit.d liob tle Boddiurion of<br />
rgricultur. Thcy .rpe rhol th€ Gl€ R.blurion @hmlogv hrs a&ted ro tlE<br />
emplolmenr of ldbor force. Chaudnry aqued .hat despic the diff'rcntial inpac! of<br />
rcw lgncuXunl tehnqlow in rne .arlv sbges oi developrc'r' lhe incr f'm<br />
d<strong>il</strong>t Ential in lhc tdoption oa noden Dmc{i6 hs.irh'r ben diepD€red or h$<br />
bicn graduuy mmwed tnd fte ddorstrati@ oi polirab<strong>il</strong>irv of inDroved fam<br />
prcci€4r. Aglit Chaudhry wits, L. concenhrion rholg! hieli' inproved<br />
n. .dly in rh. gEn @llrion pcriod. Thet vas . dclitiE and mad(ed redncson<br />
in lhe land conccnnation of opcraling holdings belw.on 1960 snd 1972 and a slighr<br />
incEe h€r*..n l9?2 i.d 1980 Dudng ihe p.n9d lom 1972 !o 1930' llnd<br />
(jtrenhrion in NWFP del.riosr.d 4
Chiudhirycombitudihe,holesof isDesandcomludcd intheswordsi rhe<br />
frpiri€l cvi&*. in P;kis sms to.sbblish c{trlusiYelv lh.l mt i*ode of<br />
tenrns and smalt frd.s brvc bm inc@sing fash rh.n ih@ of big landosns<br />
On .hc wholc, gften r.volulion app.oF ro hlve been enploFent c rcon!8 There hds<br />
been tu sukritulion of whett for cotton and th. induced chMg.s 1n crcpprna patGm<br />
h!v. lendcd lo imr.re lab.r inleDsity in .ClicultnE rr' rjbor rcquireoe'r 6f ftms<br />
iFigared by tube wcl! \.ft a6out 57 p.Ecnt hiBhd 6an thoe !re<br />
well 6 isulLdr Ag'in smll-$ale i.dusty 6si.ed with tobe well<br />
nanufactuins pbvid.d job lo aboul 6,000 p€eB in ?okhknlt Chaudhrv h or thc<br />
eiew thar lhe i*o.!cs i. ardcultunl pFduction w@ not contined ld tunjtb alone<br />
but orher Folimcs widely and eqDally sh.red rhm Hc G ot th. vicw that tne nsing<br />
shlEs ot odEr poviMs i. asticultudl prcducnon c indiolio. or mot mpid<br />
grcfir, of agticulluml pioducrim in rh. poviMs oftsind, NWFP ''i Baluchisbn<br />
lhan i. the Punjlb in the 197G, wnen grc.n revohnon khnol4i.s weft adopled in<br />
Naqli, Knln lnd Chaudharyir ar offie vi* th,r $e ftdDciidn in lam size hN<br />
posniv. inpacs on land p.ducnvity tnd on lh. iMme ofsmrll f.me6 md renanG<br />
aoth ft* lacbE rG u'!t.Fuy aclndLdg.d 6 condEiv. to Eisins asncultunl<br />
produdiviry. Thc snall ftn6 follo{ loborinhsive lechtiqu.s, shich aE h'ds<br />
saving a.d cap<strong>il</strong>als s.vins Snlll fad.6 supplemenrihe u* of l$dniond inpuls bv<br />
noden inpurs, Thcy hiE &e r<strong>il</strong>age equiDo.nt like lmcior, thr.shc6 et lbr sone<br />
imc *tEn $cF i! . l@d of wdt. sim<strong>il</strong>.rly the r or n.nure .ubl6 die snall<br />
frffi io suE b.Lr e<strong>il</strong> nutienr ttrl.M.<br />
Gokh found lirr despib dE 3en.dl l,ct of c@eh rc8rrding sdall tme6<br />
who hdition.lly has befl asociot d w<strong>il</strong>h viriors Sovodncnt<br />
agencres. ihe<br />
siopli.ity, divisib<strong>il</strong>iry ard Pldfibb<strong>il</strong>ity ofseds and len<strong>il</strong>ize6 hqv. been such that rhe<br />
d<strong>il</strong>frision prGss ha p.rchral b grouDs ol lll si4s Since tube well is phv$callv<br />
indivistbte ud tltir imbllartons lls Fqric lmp sm in!€dmeDt ir tuv rhls b.<br />
b€yond rhe liniLtd UMNial lMns of nall f.m6 to idll th.n os' tnb. welltl<br />
'nie study trics not lo delve in rhc issue df incose incqudtv and olher alared<br />
dhpute in de dsad.s of 1960s lnd 706 bur concenbares on fie ond.i developed<br />
.gricDl@ in r,lwFP rtar noft or rhc abov. studi.d haw inclGiv.lv tactled<br />
Arbabrr co.dur€d r sNey.nd cxrmimd dE rcI. ol tub. w.tl warer in<br />
ldoptio of a flu nnge of the eEcn rcvolulio' r*hnol4t r.d its inp€cls
prcductivity .nd inl.Ffam dislibuion oi incone in NlwFP Ir unv'<strong>il</strong>cd ioo nuch<br />
debared b$es, nancly the inpact oi gtcn revolu(ion cchnoloSv on pEductivitv and<br />
on intd-fim dtmbDim of ircose In. rcsull of sufrev Fvealed dlr de doprion<br />
of cEen rercluion tchnolqy *is linir.d to lh€ ftms whet rub. seus ftE<br />
i*hued sucfi r.ms @E found b n E nade Eh.tirclv more Drcductive ue or<br />
noden inpuB. Ako hi8lid yi.lds p€r cc w.E obsv€d an the tob. wclls inigacd<br />
lars Moturq rhc suney pointen olr rhsl rh. di lle€nce b€rw€n lhc bi g and small<br />
lom inus ofps acre Doden inpuk cnd per acr prcdlciion significantlv toduced<br />
R.htive lo big f.m.n lhe small latuen were fou.d to have slbsh.tiallv inc.eed<br />
p€r acre olr plt .s sell s ihe use of fod.m inpuls. Thus tu modem inlus etubl.d<br />
$€ s.ll f0m6 to idporc th.ir Dosiion $ comped ro tl* big ram.6<br />
Mian Nuol hl.n h$ wml wdks o llrious 'rp€6 of ogriculluft in N\WP.<br />
His norossph on ag.culohl emony of NWFt'r Evis fam d.velopne'r dunnA<br />
1945 ?O snd id.ntifies the key fcoto^ for tuluE delelopncnt of lgiculture in<br />
NWFP Anothcr work by rhe 3.me aurhol' presenb iniom<strong>il</strong>ion about the<br />
p€domnc. ol ruhl w6*3 phsr65 .nd gives deL<strong>il</strong>s of de bumb.r of sch€mss<br />
conplcLd in d. pbviNe. n &lh $oul lh. 8orcmDe,ir and pll'lic conr.iburions md<br />
dd {i* priodli.s of de prcgm.<br />
Moh.snld Ahnld Khan\ sork"' pEsenb deb<strong>il</strong> a@ounl of l.nd rctbms !'d<br />
hnancy Eiod in I\IWFP and muncEt s then ecio_economic impods. Jan<strong>il</strong><br />
Almd siddiqi! worlr6 pub foBard $e hisloncali6ls olexrcnsion woft. irs nain<br />
objsrivd .nd pobleDs a.d posFcb of alFculruftl exrcnsion $nice in lhe<br />
provircc of NWFP.<br />
Mohlnrwl tbnnin B€A in his vol/t |G tfie diff@nl sbges of<br />
mslBDiarior.nd agridlluEl dewloptunt in iistdiql p€6!d1iv. in Plkis6n wlo'<br />
refeEnce to NWFP and estim0tes cosl b.n nrdioofhctoisandbullocks<br />
C M Knaftl in his papclr i<strong>il</strong>v.stkates fte lorest resources and then<br />
ut<strong>il</strong>iarion. 11& .lrhor sl)m.nds r.y! and meos fo. Llie st ndin! volun. ol<br />
d'h€r @s. tle in[oduces nodeh Gchnhud of lossing and th. csbblislnndr of<br />
foE{ b8€d Indu$ial @nplG to g€t muiDrn p.$ible bcftfit fbm lhe exiiing<br />
logeins op.arion i. 0E Pest:*3r v!11.,
l.t Ra..rch M€lhodolog,<br />
L lhis @arch wolt bisrorical as *ell $ descripl<strong>il</strong>e nelhods ol rc*dth have been<br />
used Hisroricll method df d&arh is on , *hich involves sbdving ulde6bnding<br />
and expl0iniq th. pa3r .hs .nd to rnivc ar ! mnclution cotuemi4 .!uss, etfecrs<br />
or EeD& of pct ecut:w6llBl tut b. ncbnn b dphit lhc pt*nt evenls aii<br />
.dicip.tc tic tuturc €vad Wrih cotiu.ting study m rh€ poblcn 4rrculsFl<br />
delelopneni in NWFP (1960-30)'p.ryaclive of developn.nb paniculdv during<br />
l38()- l93O hld a direcl iEpacl on ptesent lrgging sbb of agricullurc in rhe pnvtnce<br />
The steps involved in co.ducring a hisloncal stu4 aE sen.rallv thc sme as rre<br />
bkfl in orh.r qTcs ot Etrh nefiods. tn hisbncd metiod of rcs..Eh ore does<br />
noi hN.lo grtha &b by ldninis.rin! inshtMb or inditduals bur h. sks out<br />
{,ata thrt ir rlF:dy .u<strong>il</strong>able A rGadptiv. study d.hines tnd repons $e $av rhe<br />
Sources oi dat! aE refend (o ad pdmary atut secondary' Th. iome. constitute<br />
ijrsl hlrd loowlcdS. sun as eyo*nn ss Epod and o.Ainll conttmpoBry<br />
docm.nts and th. bner corsritute second hi(l info'mrion slch as des.ipton of<br />
evdr by sm. o* otE. ih6n an .yewitn $. Bmks, nagazin s, ncaspapeB rd<br />
FnodiFlr aF jnpodrn $uG ol eon&ry datr Th. foret d fie Pnd!ry<br />
sou.ss a€ moE leunte dd aa pEf.ftd A najd poblen snh hislorical resnh<br />
is excesive rol<strong>il</strong>nce on sondrry dah<br />
Mo6t of the Drimary $urces $.d inolu& archives Gcords govemmenl<br />
published or Ela*d rep6tu, statistjcs, suryets, 3erctte.^ .nd int diews For<br />
instue Annul ASricllo€ sbtiiic NWFP lnd NWFP D€leloPnoi Sorisric<br />
publidEd by Plmning rnd D€v.lopft &p!tudr gorcnded of NWFP. Amual<br />
Repon oa AgncultuEl ExbNion. ASticuluFl Sblislics of Prlistr. pubtished<br />
amually by Minisrry ol Food and AgncultuE Pakisbn, SlstGtics vcr! book published<br />
amu.lt by st iislic division, MinGlty of Finonoe, 25 veats of Pakisrln slarGtics<br />
l9a?-?2 rnd IO y.as of Patisbn strt<strong>il</strong>tic 1972_32, Paldsbn Economrc surev,<br />
published .mu<strong>il</strong>ly by rh€ Eononic .dvi$a3 wing, Ministv da FiMnd and World<br />
Derclopncnl R.pon, publishcd .mlolly by thc wond Banl, Wlshingron D.C haE<br />
b€a msulted. For tlE Bocrgblnd EadinB and rlview of l<strong>il</strong>eralua secon'j.ry<br />
sourcd werc !
n this study, dlt. n s bdn coltecred frcnte DI.clodE ol asticultoE NWFP<br />
BuEau of solislics NWFP, Omce oi Aglcultue Exhion !t Inditut ol<br />
Developnenr Studies. AericultuE Univ.sity of Peshawir, Tamab Agncultu&<br />
Rcs€mh Sbtion PesnaMr and offce! oi tE Assisb Dietor AsFcuxuc of<br />
cottdel dislncts.<br />
l.G Ora. arlon ofihe Studt<br />
Th€ sody n$ ben orSdied itu ei8hr ch.p6. Ch.picr I$ li'g Reefth<br />
Prcblm' hishlist{s shen nl ol the pr.blcn, objeclives' jus.incalion md €srch<br />
methodology .dopred for caqing our rh. wo.k Tb. poi 'l vi'ws of d<strong>il</strong>fercnr<br />
.Sricutlunl commiss .bour tht .gricultlr.l dcEloPft.t includina g@t dvoluhon<br />
.nd ib inplcts 6n Pa srrns ae.dltoE in gseol and rhe llgginB s6le ol<br />
lsriculture in Norlh wesl Fbnlisr Povinc. has been summanz'd<br />
Seond chlp1er t<strong>il</strong>ling'Thd€ti@l Fdncwo'l hisl' lisllr di€ vicws o'vtnous<br />
lllditioml as wll ts nodem 6o@nic ph<strong>il</strong>os6ph6 abo![he ole of lgnculfure and<br />
po$ible viys fot its dewloPmenl.<br />
The $id chaPk da*rib€s rhe llnd conslitutinB NwrP irs 'conomv d<br />
pdsptc of .gnculEBl poducnm 'n vrnous rg)ons ofUF pmvi^c<br />
In chapl.' rour 'hhtoricat backound hisrorv bf.sFculturc dcvclopmcnl6<br />
trucd sinc. rh. idival of rh. Mlslims in 0r ltdia up to pnidon of tlE Subcontiknr'<br />
TIE contibulioD mdc by Muslin dp.bu ro .sricrloEl develoPrcd lhw b"n<br />
oveflised Th. main lllco.r included !re developnenl df itigllion ptopneury<br />
lighis in la.d .nd l,nl hr. sysrem and dgto-b$e indudries duing B<strong>il</strong>ish penod ll<br />
Evalc why Frcntier PbviM inhsicn lhe utdcr d'vclop'd agncultuE fnn rhe<br />
British Thc Br<strong>il</strong>ish sPEld I nci cf csMls iD Pmjlb lnd sind dunng (1880 1947)<br />
why they could not lNunch itigarion pojdt! in $e iiontier dhtri''c<br />
Th. fitu ch.pLr'agticultlEl d.vclopMr duing 1960t qanin's ag'icuhlEl<br />
d.vclopbett in NWFP ii rh. p.sr ptnirion psiod S'neDllv Md duri'8 rhe pcnod<br />
( l 960 70) plnicularly Th. bird eye view on the ecorcmv 0!d industia l develotme nt<br />
of dF NrWFP is dls imluded in tb€ chopr.r' Th€ la'd E oms 'nd lt'd renure and<br />
i.Mrcy Ef@s 6 wll e !.ndtod5 GN.E €ldioN in lhe asion htve b€n tle<br />
discussd Tbc inpels of sutfi* ,nd stou nd sata d.ve lopment ts w' ll as di ltercnl<br />
Cren Revollrion lechnol4l/ inpuls viz len<strong>il</strong>ias, HYv seeds, ind i@cricdes on<br />
pd eE pdduction a inp.cE oftupD.n Pi6 fo'dQuland subsidies m inPurs'<br />
L1
on agridlhirdl developnol in NWFP dr. obseded. nE incFE8ional conparison ot<br />
agricllbEl poduction i! .ls disusd in this chaple'<br />
chrDcr six Asricultual dev.loprcnl during l9T0s hiahlighls dt eonamic<br />
social rnd agriculfdral efoms in $. province Expansion in ground as well ts<br />
srrracs w.tdr i.d incsiv. @ ofiopls like fen<strong>il</strong>;s, HYvs, plant peccrion and<br />
cr€dn focihi.s b thc lamec in dE NWFP during (1970_30) lnd on*ad is<br />
de$nM. Thc inp.cts of tli. aeranan Efons havc bei di$ussd *h<strong>il</strong>c kepitg 'n<br />
iN the gov€mme nitioDliation movc and nesadve .flec$ of mluml cdlanities<br />
lite floo& .nd locusE aitks dDnnr lhis period TlE ava<strong>il</strong>ib<strong>il</strong>iry ol vandus<br />
.gricultudl i'rDub and oul put in NWFP is cdpaEd ro orh.r previnc6 of Pa*is'<br />
panicullrly Punjib, so lhat 16 lmw ,boul tnc €u*s of,hod lall in pDduclon or<br />
v&ious agricultuftl crcps in hontier povince<br />
Ch.pr€t srcn exploB lh€ pbsldts, chllleng.s $d policf oprions for tlF<br />
.iryeloDm. ofiglcrltoE ir Norlh Wen Fbnnd Povirc..<br />
In cbrler cish! lic thsis 6 . whol. is smmsied conduded 6 well s<br />
nrsr. our look for d.v.lopmcnr is oudined.
]cnudhrMohmn.d^drn.ryt',@/&*,@'gd 6.t P"ltr raraa *tI 'pt.tt<br />
eJcQte Q<br />
&ll.r&@. (rioe rzhr @ r9r9)<br />
!N.smii. tsls d ^sior,nr D.ldsnd ^ k studt orhnnt lho oi$ strordd<br />
\ i"-tr. n'. rdtud ^F-rm<br />
s,*^ rqo "'ir v \**. 3n, r;-. "d \s<br />
. M;,. N*r kr,., n /rb,ra-r Eoorr o/ trFP, (n.trd. or ftEl@M' srudE.<br />
un*utrydtosaqf, ro70)<br />
^rrond . ;l-...- Kh* r".d-dl<br />
^h..i<br />
UdEBtrl of Ps|':qI' |'30)<br />
^m.ulur:l f i,t-, H6,r, r . t@"- ,'E- 4 uqbt<br />
! shEq- Mc!r. 7r. rc@oz, o/rql,ar ralE (N.v ftn,i cford unvdi! PE$. ie37)<br />
s 1nrta<br />
rc<br />
^ri<br />
n! Plriob wdq i.h:h th'rclis\ t$rrel7.ttt.\| D.rni o<br />
K end r . asuiot Bitdtt ol P'*!r.i, (L.IEE ^nnd P'.s (Pn ) Li leeo<br />
IlMcbtrUofu1h,vdar{hb.l<br />
^<br />
i".-E@i -rr",. i P.tbb, D*tw,r Rd4 v.r rvi-xo. I Fin n (wm6 re3D<br />
r, tuhml""a Hd; Kh.i. n.6/. o/@rdtv. udqdexd.tbPn rt @e end, rtPdhh'<br />
. ,--^n' a-^ R"-h'i04, Parlhr. (N.r ' Y{* Pnqd tobkeE<br />
" "t'n<br />
|1.''<br />
ree3)<br />
td(' t Pa|td,. (3oi6. colo wd *t Prs<br />
rcnLEAr.iii'rs,l.a, *Dd*.<br />
D La" Nr" t. ",*" r.-i.,- , Pa,'or. -pt'datto. Ptutd<br />
,.d.';'A.d,.,-, -rnd.tr<br />
,qr-, - r"*" i..t -a su<br />
diry'ft|07lundk|m3fP{'{<br />
r-"a*d t .-a.<br />
^n6",iH* r v-. R..in r**<br />
^h;d;d ^.d.<br />
iti'ft":",f?-",.".,,,,,,,,-.o.ry (K,eh.oifdd1h*uivp..s.,'e')<br />
n n*, n-i-.'r*a- ,;aar -d E N t Hbtq 'it. tel7 tr.v rd'r' K@n P'\l<br />
orrdd uiiv.6ny Prcs, 1993)<br />
rM-^-H,;"rh,, k;-.-r-.b.,...,,1"*' "<br />
ir r-." r, "a, p'u,J' t. pa'<br />
io ii.-- ir, n r-r n"..a u<br />
D,ary;' . t",st"6h "d P"r".^<br />
rd r'r m" im ""- ".",'ii<br />
ri" *n'. n. u*a e.-".<br />
I3
aJ arnr lqlt<br />
"dot<br />
r5 kiqd Hei Kh-. /rd@ '@tandi@<br />
rh. Potrbot Eeron! oJ uatq lqsr@fl(' (bodoi ombid3!<br />
n r,,vor11, No rr (rc76)<br />
os .t.,t in Rrct tutop d ir settod.'l o!, ,4r&b. (HoDlulu unirBiv Prcs or Hli',<br />
ewb'M'PolqtI.l,.P'b'hr4F<br />
a'd7|IRUole*lapn.rbsor<br />
[ryi.!|t!n|&EbPIMlPn'fu.hcFP4.fL<br />
af|fucp'R@funkPg|B'6'|975'o|q|'|2r<br />
1t ctint n d"an t
Chapter 2<br />
Tbeoreticd rr.riewoik<br />
To undesrand asrioullunl developndr it s<strong>il</strong>l bc b€sr lo fi$t $e whal d'velopnent is?<br />
Thc sord developrcnt t borh imbiguous 6 wsll 6 el$iv' TheE ir no uniwel<br />
!el!m..l lhour iB monins .nd d.linirim tn IiteEbE .bo!t ei)lmic dev€lopn'nt<br />
lhd. aic bolh nanow ond widd vi.ss abolr lhe lm dev'lopnmi Tlt romd 8iv's<br />
inport m. ro snomic ncdud like ris in 8rcwrh rltc dltd being sr'gFnr for sdd<br />
lin . Dri.s lalt r stsc ris. it CDP ad pd crpit! iffi is {'ll a ! shio @us<br />
iowards in
tnfi of indlslics dd Fi@s nss in <strong>il</strong>r ElioMl iNd' As t lsh a8ticultuDl<br />
p.pulalid ftom Mt a@s nigdb to lrbon e.&B fd jobs in sondary tnd ten6ry<br />
In tbe pls World Wtu II .d fouowins five ladinB theones ol econonic devclopmed<br />
*.8 pur fotulrd<br />
(i) Thc liEr sbs6 of gro*th nodol (ii) Th6ri6 ofshcl'El chtnec<br />
(ii) Tnc intemtional d.Fnde'@ rvolution (iv) The neo cl$sicll n!' matlrei<br />
couier revoldion (v) The oldoslnous lh€orv oleonon'c conh<br />
The lin t' sba.li@n6 ol l95os rd 196& vicw the pidss of do'lopmdl as a<br />
sries of su@$ive sg6 of cononu grodh though which all d* olntstes musl pas<br />
This theory oi d.velopndt .rguc! rhal th. righr quoriiv ol stving inv€sdal lnd forcign<br />
aid werc ne&d lo mble rh. Ttird world counri.s to folo; tnc path leadins lo dononi'<br />
d€rclopndr !s &h€v€d by &vclop.d cdnts'6<br />
shctlati5t lppmtch ir b.aeltv hisloncll ud ih' structuml chtna4 'nd pr't'c<br />
aE focused in .he s€quenrid pMes Ii briD8s 3lruobnl changc ii ae'icrltuE lsn 0<br />
Fadniotul lo m.demia one and enphtsias oii rhe€xpandi4 ble of induslnal sclor<br />
Th.o.i6 ofsrwtual ch.nSe ponn*dth. i fllptM of rhctudl changc lhrt Bu{ b€<br />
un&r eom by lc$ d€vcloFd cdnties to achicv. tnd sMin dcv'lopDmr' In shon $'s<br />
theones hiSlligll rhc bechtnim bv shicfi und6 dselop€d dononies hnslod fsm<br />
aSriclltunl ro nodcn indusdirl slltes Th€e thcories irclud' Aithut Le*is6 lwo{eclor<br />
nodel, and <strong>il</strong>olli B. Ch€*ry?! nodel ofstructuEl chmge<br />
TIE inictuiioml deD.td.G ftwludon ircludins lhF mjn rhtonci $c tu<br />
clNidl d.!.nd.ne oodel, lhc frls pmdigD model and d. dualisiic developncnl rh@tv<br />
view d,id rorld counLtes c.ush up in . &!€ t.tue 'nd doditunce r'lotionship wnh nct<br />
Ndlo$iol 4oronics car inb cx<strong>il</strong>r.M h dE l9o c'nlurv' in an d wh" rhc<br />
industrial revolution in Ensland Ns at is D.* Thc old and qad<strong>il</strong>ioml n@lasictl 8Dsfi<br />
lheory rsns libcmlizttion of mtionol mrker rh.t bnngs doncstic and fo€ie! invesmcnl<br />
ind Bc ol c.pibl &mul.lion inc@ cNP 8o*s $rt mi* dordic $vin8 6te r<br />
ont'G 6pibl Ltor aao ltd p.r clpib imoft in deYelopins countiG Th' M{lasisl<br />
a narl'r fnsdlv<br />
couh-revolution beli€ves in lct*r govmnenl i crfeftnce and Feaches<br />
apploach. It suppon fre€ n.rt l libdaliaiion of dioml economvi increed Invesld'd<br />
level and c.pibl fomtrion .lons *nn <strong>il</strong>€* in dooesric eving d'r 6uss c'D<strong>il</strong>tl ltbo'<br />
l6
TIG Nes Govtn Tncorvr retEN dep€t&nt on t number oi r'ditio@l ff<strong>il</strong>a$ical<br />
sunDlioN of € loAqds 3ro*rh ft l@uss on CNP 8rc*1h<br />
a eruol oulcor of lmg dn<br />
oukom of<br />
.qu<strong>il</strong>'brium ntb Ery rl$ dphtN khmloSicl| chance:5<br />
'n 'ndogems<br />
prblK cnd pavlre iNshnG m hlmn t<br />
'ptEl Md Indushes lr actw rcle ro!<br />
'u38'ds 'n<br />
Dublio policy in pmoting @nomio d*lopncnt<br />
All of lhe* dwelopmeni nodels f@us on dcv€lopndt rkough dvnanic lnd modm<br />
indult<strong>il</strong>l srd. Th€ ihporL@ of a sod.m irdwLitl sbr c'mi b' iCEred but rhtt G<br />
b.yond rhc sp€ of IIE p€snt sludv.<br />
l. Pakistsn panioula y in NWFP rhe tuin i!$e is to f€d thc popuktion bv<br />
mod.nizinglhe elive rgricultuft stn. Asricultud b€<strong>il</strong>g explo<strong>il</strong>alion or natural<br />
resour.c! like lad dd w.c! and Bisine pr.duclion of crop€, idirs vegebbles ond th'<br />
nunb€r ot dituls sEd Th. mb mtiburing tacbs to agriculluE dev€lopnent 't<br />
bcttcr clidte tnd fen<strong>il</strong>. r.min. th€ oltit.blc lrnd pff h"d, tt'<strong>il</strong>'b<strong>il</strong>i9 of mtr for<br />
iFiSltion, l!'d hlE s}3r.m and tne aPplioton of clPibl b l"d' Thc edices addins 1o<br />
.griouhural poge$ tre Es.aEh, cx&nsion sdiccst transponadon! and mrketing fac<strong>il</strong>nFs<br />
Asricultubl eion, $b6idi6 on inpuk dd tt sovelmdt pricins ae policies factore<br />
cpomiblc to. i'@ in .Sticulbr ou9!t'Dlting lne lgri cdrurv lgFcukle wa<br />
*p!ndcd. Thc r of rulinc.y, rmls ond olls.quipnals '@ intodu"{t New cbpDing<br />
prfths cnerged Dne ro individull om.ship ot ltnd at:d cmmoditv poducrion lk<br />
chdmclo! of agticulture was oapiblisl Throulh the use oi nw inpuls tnd stplicarion of<br />
advrnc. knoNl€dCp Md hod.m l€chmlosi.s trnsioftd raditiontl 'griculbft sndulllv<br />
inro fodco ndvdced asriculnE o.<br />
Thc ncr dii@l ftc6t in lhe @rlv 3iig6 of &v€lotmc is tE c$d<strong>il</strong>io6 of<br />
lgricultoE seord. becou* w<strong>il</strong>houl a suPlN olfood pFducnd ov'r 3ubsisldce needs liulo<br />
el* can b. done. There would be no surplu6 laboq no eving 'nd no lood io fe'd ldbor<br />
wo ing in olns seclm Agnculture ftle@ Lbo6 iion tne land dd lh' sualus laboi ru'h<br />
indulE<strong>il</strong>l gb$rli. Prcfsr JoLsM md John Mollor h!re l'd'd firc inpotu *!)€ tn<br />
*hich lgricultlE contibrEs !o rLe pcs of 6t)|Mic &retopnqt<br />
(i) Prcduct conlribulion (ii) rjbd conlribution (iii) capibl conlribution (iv) M! 't<br />
consibur'on rvr FoEiSr e\chdiee.onr$uuor '<br />
Atrl.dh.rld.v€lopD.ol-dllf...nlthsred.dlppmehes<br />
AsiiculoE dewlopncnt is ! Pde of incdctjon tmong 2 ntrnh'r of 'lctuc w' lok<br />
d rh. @inS of lgricllbE dev.lopf.nt s $'n "d vie|€d bv Ne€la$iol and<br />
srll{nlist shsls of do!8r't.<br />
l1
th. Nd4L$tc.l .PProeb<br />
Miin Neoclasi.ll Th@ri6 of.gnclltunl dcrclopmd wni'h hive been innuenrid in<br />
shapinB lhe lihtuE ie {i) Durlinic rn ort or dcwlopnent (ii) Thcory orpclenr b€hauor<br />
and (iii) John Mellols tpporh ro lgriculn&l devcloDmenr'<br />
(i) Tb.orler of Dulbtic DevelopEe<br />
Th@d.s of dulidic ddelop& bv Lrvis, ri8, Fo and lorgln$n narc domin'led rx€<br />
lircBtuc on *ononic ddclopn.nl The $@n's @ cotccdcd wirh lhc d'rcropMt<br />
exp.ncn€ of lc$ d€velop.d oountries (LDCg) This nod'l har ol lead idendned dE<br />
coDdbDrions or $. dgl'cDlture ecbi in ecdMic busrorution Two *cto6 kdniml<br />
'sricultoE and nod.n industiol sbr inle4t.wnh @h otls bv t'ffifenin3 labor md<br />
sualus re$urces foo 663ronl rgl'cullnre b $c no
agricullurc cquiEs helry invcstncni in lh. iom of ftigrion pmjals. ldd @l'naron<br />
prcjdt and la.se{cale nrhaniation (vi) Binsins echnolosictl ch'nee rhar 66es<br />
podmrivny. This app@ch is sc.6tul in rut high im;nc counhi6 iEludins mo{<br />
(iii) Gmwth Str3e rbeory<br />
Thc gpfrh s10gp rhory or Pr|6s olnod€niatioD ofasdcultuE pur fovard bv<br />
'ohnsio'<br />
and John Mcllo! includ.s 6odr phvsical 6 w.ll 6 i$rirulioml facloB of producton'<br />
A.cordiq to Join Mellofs pwdprio. dE€ t@ rhre Phes of agricult@l d'velopnenl'<br />
Phe one n @hnlosjolty sbgMl bdaue of MtEihbrlitv of nodd inpub' Phd<br />
two is rshnologicauy dlmnic ,8ncul$E v<strong>il</strong>h lov capitll foming od phse $rcc N<br />
tccbmlosictlly dtusic *<strong>il</strong>h biSn opital lomi4 Thu M'llor's apptu'ch is iddifitd wirh<br />
lllc inclte in dE bt. ol dpi6l i! agriclltoE nE ctuolioD b'tren rhis *t or<br />
ltgumenls dnd tie gle.n revolnrion sralegies i6 ve'v cleqr' Ihb appo'ch lo lgnclllunr<br />
chinge i&nifi6 dE ouniN and logic of siweDirnt polic's Mirlcd *ioi srn<br />
Structurrl lh@rl6 of .8rlc tur.l d.v.lopbe<br />
Am.ding b Bdi..b d.velopn.nl is a hidoncrl D@'s<br />
rbal dcu6 wirhout b'mg<br />
co.scidsly w<strong>il</strong>led by .nym. {hioh im$cnllv chug's !h' *i.l foncwdk 'nd lhe<br />
whol e soci.9. Tbi s i s found in &e sl<strong>il</strong>ins or Kdrl Mo*s The shclure of societv and lhe<br />
sial aklion of poduction aE sFific io ot pdi'ulft hod' of poduction''" A@din8<br />
b slrutunlisrs siety .volws lh$ugh vnious slnc$ of sodes HcE asricultuE<br />
dev€ldPnenr mans chtnges in lic r.lotim of PFduction i'' s asiiculluft d'velopnent<br />
pcedi rh. Elidon of P'.ducnon rc llBti dd EconsitoLd Ew l'nes<br />
'n<br />
sbcludlisl th@n.s leused on the o*ffihip and conbl ovtt the ncons ofpc<br />
dulion Th. rebtios oi Foduction de mlvioit in tcfts of mpii'list' and 'toHtp<strong>il</strong>'lisr<br />
lom of 9,lductid A s@llv pcvl<strong>il</strong>ins ln@8tlt in rh'$ lnatus is ul d€ dcvclopMr<br />
olcapiblisn in osricultorc lsds ro imBsins .dcenhtion t'd cenhlialion ofrhe m@ns<br />
of produclion. Tiis, in lum leads ro lh€ co*aialio' of ltnd into lor8er uiib of hold'ngs<br />
This r<strong>il</strong>l i*n {w ! pblibridizrion and dcint'Snrion of $c p€oentrv Thu' tccordma<br />
ro one sohool of rnough wnbin tisbncd tuo'work, n is th' natuE ol otpiblisn b aholish<br />
orhd loms ol poduction (pEt.tiLlisl)''<br />
wirhin lhctuol<strong>il</strong>l $on6 rc haw a vsidv ofd<strong>il</strong>t'* tlditios o'nitin3 vhich<br />
do no1..c.$!.<strong>il</strong>y sh.F como f*turc' slch s'nto_Ms*isF which 3i'cc the nid_1960s<br />
h.s tud. o ldge contslhatiot. Atd rgdin within th' heo_M'disf st@l se hlve o divtFitv<br />
l9
of rloustlt !d app@lEs !o the qu6lid of tstlr<strong>il</strong>n de*lgpftnl, *hich aE mr 6v lo<br />
chlncrtiE. To |4a o fa imDorianl stdlt ol thoughr D€FD&rcv $h6l tE coE_<br />
pdiphcry 6nst5, uequll cxchoee a@lysts, dE node of pFductid shol and a la'8'<br />
numbd of conc@t: such m under developmdl dependent developnent, uneven<br />
dcvelopment disbned &v.loPne.r, erc hivc cn.Eed Thes 0pporch's have povid'd<br />
ftw irsigl|lsu. Only No w.lltmu theon* of Ir drd tnutstv al'tins ro asicultoal<br />
dc!.loDment wiU be .unin d h.E<br />
(i) Th. d.velopmdr of .3.lcullu.l crDlnltb<br />
Thc ccnbll fstuE ofthis theotv is dt fomrlid olhone miiker ltr cdpitllism This is ihe<br />
$m. as tltrt of Drccd of capir.l Gn in the econm v<br />
Asricnlbre <strong>il</strong> sel i b'comcs u indu strv<br />
rnd thc eneDrees of.rchanse <strong>il</strong>eusn mltk.t nonetiatid md connoditialion bl€s<br />
rla@ wi0'in aEFcuttoa. Acconiing to Iein clpit lin is parsibl' in ' @untv vnndt<br />
@nkl win focign nttlct for its pltrduci On dE blsG 6f fom.lion of tF hom miker ffr<br />
clDialism, LlDin locrtd tts min o$ere in rcgards b arricultut w<strong>il</strong>h vddus s!b_<br />
asp€ors and procesi Thrcc main aspecb idslified aE (a) disinesration of peasantr 0)<br />
hnsfoturion or the alt ridn cconony to cspiblist prodrtion, dd (c) codnercializrion in<br />
aSricrlturc. roin argu.i lh.l llt farb psd@lion rnd iwroducrion w.€ sim<strong>il</strong>ar ro €piblisl<br />
s)51cF of faming in which Fj$nty vas in tlE pt@s of dis$lotion "d in its place 'w<br />
9?os of inhabit!.ls *eE .n lginerr This 6 eooopanied bv Portri4lio' of pNtr and<br />
crcarion of (a) rhe rich famcn rnd lhe oNnc6 of i.duslrial esbblhhmcns (b) the rudl<br />
proLr.'i', .nd (c) $e lr.dl.ss *orkeB bking pdn .s paid work on ftms Th€ pbcess of<br />
dirintgErion exp!ffls dE home martet 6 th€ bours.oisie GtonB wlion) buv ma's or<br />
rodrction ftm pbbbn!6 (*€k sliot) ln lhis pl@s Ltin obw'd m' Elardng<br />
feioE suh s nigEtion of ni(Hl€ clats Fsnty !o loM! lhc us of monev lending $d<br />
The secmd asDdl of linin s theory, ltat wc drv prperlv cdl 3 th'ory, is the st$'n<br />
of otg niatim oflsnclxuE Th€ sysm of.llohing la'd io lh€ Fiitnls<br />
who in tum would<br />
providc ll'€ir hbor io $. ordof llrt land itd i@ &F ddt m lsndlords (ind landlords<br />
wct in tum dcpede on r[.n $rfd\tm) mw b.ing und'min'd Th' ldnslomarion dcuN<br />
dnd . sydm ofwsgc lrbor ensgps ladlotd induced matry chlng's @ $cir fams such<br />
ds gFwins ol6oE pbnlablo .6ps, equirins lh. means ol pFduction' s'ch as nachDery'<br />
tools elc ind diretly D.dicipahd in th€ clltivsrion of land and enPloved wage labor' In<br />
lhis *ry capitalin fam wls cat€drr'
Irle thiid le€cl is tlE srcwins comDer<strong>il</strong>liation of agri.ult]E Ag.iclllE follots a<br />
ditlcEnt Dattcfr lha. indusFy. Fom6 6pecialize in one n0jor omp which spr€ods on the<br />
frd3.roud ODq conmcrc<strong>il</strong>l .sticuhre erpmds dE torc mdlcl ror cap<strong>il</strong>alism lrt<br />
gosrh of 6mn rciat lgricDxut cMEs dc@d lor drc peducls of industv .Dd lls<br />
i.r.nsifies capitllist conta{tiolions ii lgriculbre. but in lhis do@si<br />
acceLEles rhe p6ce$<br />
of chln8s. Thc
Typer olagrl(trlrure<br />
Th€ picvl<strong>il</strong>i.g alricultui. in lh. rotld could bc qbgdi4d inb No lrinds, ote vcq<br />
eFrcn $ s in do{eloFd wo d and oihav.ry wak udblc r' rcd i'msesasc@ld<br />
b€ ob$wed in l})id world counties we have pHe&nts beloF us of mort prcnisins<br />
d.Elopmdr m'd. by &vclop.d 's {.ll d der.loting @lnrrics of rh' wtrld AnonA rhc<br />
lslicultumlly adtnced countnes U S.A, sbrled as a eton of snall $61' faoec tr $e end<br />
of I ss ccntury m{t 94 p€ft.nr of all lh. pople iI tli. Unned S6ts w.o livins in rudl aMs<br />
Dd v.rc mostly nB.sen in tgiculoE Bv tlt midl9s @nnrrv, rh' indct<strong>il</strong>l Evolution<br />
b€sd !o uke hold in Aneiica Despiic bugeding indlslridl etiv<strong>il</strong>ics th' 6'jo!itv or th€<br />
Ancddns ontir*d b mkc then living nom fming unl<strong>il</strong> rh' erlv lgoosn l' it<br />
succeedint dec.des Andica bega. ro lnin and dcouEg€ agricultunl 'pecialist and set up<br />
rxp.rimcnr.l slalioos rh.t mbled ik asicd$f io ol,iin a Idge pblittble vi'ld ps acR<br />
Th€ sd 6 $imlific.lly d.vclop€d plcthftl.nd tsisLnl lo dis€e Th<br />
u* of fen<strong>il</strong>izds on
gtur ond pardy !s lms bul th. €cipid vs bound io clrry onr $' {ork in lccorducc<br />
win fi. povid.d sltldard d.sien. This pi.* ws followed bv aeiher pogn6 of<br />
dcwlolndl of inhi*uc$E for boti rgiculot prcductim $d oth't nrftm lctiriria<br />
The fimes sere cncouas.d lo ao in fo! incond sotrdlits ptojsls such as srcup fafrin8'<br />
omMn s.ed H, of s$n lesel<strong>il</strong>4 dltivrtio! mmudq lo66non lnd poslut'<br />
SaeDsul felo.i6 insLllation and connm na.k ling fac<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>icsl Tht govcmcnt supplied<br />
n.l)sry matet<strong>il</strong>l dd opeitina tunds prnlv 6 Sra and pdlv as loiN The fiding<br />
comlnity 6 abk ro sr.p up rh. vi.ld oI nc. ud odEr crops lnd malc an<br />
'ddinoMl<br />
incom. rhrous! oth.r or Part<br />
^rl1<br />
tine jobs in Stcmaul i&rolies, honiculture' pouldr' and<br />
&iry 6minS. Tnc rie yi.ld ws r.Fn d b h!v. i@s'd fEm I 4 ncdic totr pq acE in<br />
l97l $ 2 O nebic ton pd icE in l9?7rr'<br />
In P*isLn w. h!v. 6td phag of .glcultE d*lopm€d in 1950s lollowod bv Spod<br />
one in I96Os In Souli Asia Plircularlv in Patish lh' folloeing modclt IBE b€" apPli'd<br />
(i)Ihe fbnrier dodel sliFuhr.s an cxp.nsion oi rhe cDlrivated dea<br />
imps in asicuhml dqut (ii) Th. cNditior tbi'l is bed on dE inEsobd coP<br />
livesbot husbandry which, Mycle plml nutials in lhe fom of a'inal ntnu€ lo mn10E<br />
s<strong>il</strong> t n<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>y (iii)The diftution no
unrrBiry md P@hrlm couicir, n d ). pp sle<br />
4^, ir-""t L-nh -,r D?a@.<br />
Ed['oi),{ t ndoql/6<strong>il</strong>hi PEs LrD, ree), p Ir<br />
turd.i u r[. m6drv jottml orPor6k No Ir' 12(sFisd^d!ro r93s)P*]snsrdv<br />
scbl. 22 May Le54), F.Be ltr<br />
vih ulinti 4Frv d h6d lMuFtr MrEbtd<br />
lAdn'B c|ffi' &Mld.ri'B d 4.*la?ra| P.lq'< BjMGiJd'nHolriUii6i'<br />
PRl9?9)<br />
dE.dhb P.sFaiE 3lwittw), l' l7 71tr$ G Nidda nd. _fi! dffiida or<br />
rNh td''er./a@.r. l0 (Iuq rer)<br />
t s"" F.i ft,$" .stu a Ddt@d Pdk6\ o! PqL<br />
1o tnrmdtonot .rrytoPeaio ol ttu s@k<br />
1r sru( F bhnsim ad roh w. M<br />
(septnbdr96l) P5tr72<br />
d v<strong>il</strong>h [Limi.d $pply !| hbds ]n Md.lgjq sc,&/ o/<br />
1? 0 et4) pp lre er<br />
lr N.bi, liu, Nav.d tuid fd si2nid, z'ntd, nt @td Eer'ry q,<br />
,or.r.r, (turhi, oxtod uDE6iy P4 1916l re r7i9<br />
14lonreiIdMdlq'o}ci'.,9<br />
ol P@qd kM) trtri o<br />
dd s-i* (Rt l n Hmqdd rx6)<br />
t6 hnadbdt.4hrdb 4ttu wd<br />
lt M.ra. r u Ir. x.* tui6 o/ enir. t ''d.st h. hdtu d tutopiry eoAd tt6n'<br />
cftn uiir*iy P6 19?6I r z7-at<br />
orc^*l\ (u s.^, M.dm R.*r, kF b..k l96rt Pp +6<br />
cdnn \^1+rou@t oltunb L<br />
'!M s kndri, -^rFo;k b dddoridr, rcw{ dfneid rL<br />
olRwdt Drdqtult hd /.|hhn@tu, ^siqhdi vol :r. No 1. (^urunn ^ re33), pp 25 26<br />
'v i rain. tu" tudwt "rcltttu , rdt/ (Mosdr, pm$e$i! Plblnh.E ret4),p40<br />
" r. s;;r. 5-."ry d,h *r-,.d Fnt or xrdirv! fr. ^s io aEid<br />
- tu66r N{n\ h tu xe 6tardn.r<br />
'jM^HlshMdl<strong>il</strong>l.M.|j4^@!lluE<br />
orrord uii!.Ery P6, 2003), p r5<br />
(Bmrrol n^o. r9t5), 4jr
Chapter-3<br />
l{orlh West F.ontler Provlnce<br />
Thc prcvince ofN\4trP is snuar.d betwm 31"15 &d 16" 57' North lantlde dd 69' 5 dd<br />
?4" 7 E6t longitud€ on ln€ World nrp, Ths exlrme logh of lne pnYince betwd th€<br />
Ddllel '< 408 m<strong>il</strong>a dd dE md'mm bErdd b.ts6 the mod's is 2?9 n'l6 ll 16 rl<br />
thc juction of th@ noulain mgsj riinal.t€, Kdaku@ &d Hindukush. Kahmn dd<br />
Punjab 4e locat.d lo its €st ed Afghmishn to its we6! Afelmistd ds bonnds lh€<br />
provrnce on rhc nonn. Baluchists sd D
Bmu ed D,LKhd. Il)c ri)olr vduable sd of ihe pbvin e is irs uique cult@l hd<strong>il</strong>age<br />
thol is thouleds of yes old, lt hs a hunbq of histolic.l bu<strong>il</strong>ding!, {ch@loSical<br />
monmolr dd cdhral hisiory Oal is enhdccd by nanml b.auly of rhe vaicd lddear€.<br />
llltFl is Mli.lly a noun ircs resion w<strong>il</strong>h rut wialioN in 6e t.min a onc nove<br />
from one prn lo lh€ otn€r<br />
FORNTIER PROVINCE<br />
q.,;<br />
26
The Peshaw&, Meda, Ch@dda dd Swabi havc f€nik ldds sutuuded by h<strong>il</strong>ts, *h'te 6<br />
one novc funhd $nth to Koh.! B@u dd Dc6 Im<strong>il</strong>, Kne, o.e cm se expm6 of<br />
b'lq e4. Goins up lo rhe nortn, $e nouiaio rdain baoms noE rugged dd the<br />
valleF mor. 'mcc€ssible. The momrain cnain of Kagnm vatlcy is weI vooded Hgaa is<br />
llso a mar of nobtaiN with fclt<strong>il</strong>e agricultuG s well 6 fo6t ar@. Dn, Bajou &d Swal<br />
@ feft<strong>il</strong>e and wcll w@
ccmus. nE ldied g@logt, cndows the Drcvircc wi0r oolhols min@l w€alth. Moe tnu<br />
t5 mi!@ls have ben discoverqt in subsldial qudny at the v&ious pl&6 in Swat, Dir!<br />
Konisun, Cnitul Man&h6 &d Kant disrricb of re province. Anlimony, Aqumaiine,<br />
Anphibolie, Bdit€, Bentonite, Full6 eeth, Firc clay, Asbestos, Ctlsuh, Creir€, cmd,<br />
Gr.phit . Olivine, Phosphat., Plr<strong>il</strong>€, Quafiz, Rcd orid€, R€d eher, Bsal! Boulinsnl.,<br />
Clim clay, Coal, Cabtu, Coppd, ChFhnc, Comidon, Dolomitc. En6ld, F€ldspsr,<br />
FhonF, Embladq lon, LiEesion€, tsd, Llt€nte Meble, Mic4 Magnetit€, Mego6.,<br />
Molybo<strong>il</strong>e, N.?hline Syn<strong>il</strong>c, Oryinar, Shal. clay, Sall, Soapsron., Scrpmrine, Scheelito,<br />
S<strong>il</strong>ica sdd, Stal. slon., Sulphd. Tope, Toumaline, Tin. Vemiculite ed zinc !E<br />
inpod&t minerals min.d in ln€ pbvincet. Thcr. b a grgl potent ial of expon ofpreious<br />
slon6 ad All Patislo conn@id expod c*iation (APCEA) b6cd in P6haM qporled<br />
.bour t 4..2 m <strong>il</strong>hm of Dueh dd urpolished sron.s Mullr r I a97r Thc pm\ Dce '@uts<br />
for ar led ?3 pftenr of the nlrble prcducl'on In Pal'isllno. NumercLs sorlshop,<br />
thftughoul the pbvince suppon lhe neufactu.€ of snall ms and weapons of various<br />
Pdhawr 'rhe capnal ol I.iwFP' ha always maincd a teus of lnde, @eiving<br />
eoods lDn dd b€yond Afgheisrrn dd rc-dispatcbrg it ro de eulh md 61ward to other<br />
povrnc6 lhe econon) of lhe pbvD.e hanly r.licd on;. Afg!& lrmir bzde .mhg<br />
from ihc work6 seNing in K&ehi {d rn€ Middle Est. Ned aboui 0,3 ndlion Pa&hllns<br />
w.rc wo dnS in Middl. Edt duing liie p€riod 1960'80, who *€r. B.nding m av€rage US<br />
Dolld 0.5 biUion ps yturu. Th€ prcvincc ah&d .r avmse muslly 15 pft6r in rhe total<br />
chitl4.6 of Pakisle lhar wortft et ,i!n a!rcld dtrins afo@cndored pqiod. In<br />
.dd<strong>il</strong>ion it gor mually 23 percert of inlr-povincid nel flow duc ro ihe lage nunbr or<br />
wolkers wo.kins in olhe! povirces at rhe sane tihe". The biss6t a$ci of lhe province h<br />
ns pot€nrial hydrcpowd g€n€ration €ap&ity Mor€ thd 70 pd€nt of lh. hydioel{tric<br />
capacity of Patisla is &cr.dned b NWFP ed n gg|rared abolt 33 pdcd of tne blal<br />
ehticity of Palisl,r. wh<strong>il</strong>. coNm6 onl] lOp.Enloflhebt lr'z.<br />
The NwI" wa . bsl'Mrd on€ du. !o nmw b?se of its asriculture 6 well 6<br />
indushy. Th6e secto6 were unable b ab$ib ihc labor work force, The $cio econonic<br />
ddcloonot in I.rwFP has not b@ uifom. s bulks of the iduskial unns Nft l@ated in<br />
tne indufial slal6 ol Peshawd, ltan&, Haripu and Gadoon Amei (Swabi) Apd<br />
28
fton lh$e l&8€ i.duslrial 6kr€€, snau o.es have ben dtablished at Kohat Rodd<br />
Psha*&, Jerud Road Peshawe, Mardn, KlElbat TowNhip (Hdip!r, Abhonabad,<br />
Mms.hr,, Kohar, Noshcra Bmu &d D.LKhe. March f&|orics, vegetabl. o<strong>il</strong> m<strong>il</strong>t., harble<br />
t<strong>il</strong>6 ae!ori6, racbnes of cbmicah dd phmaccutiols, i€xiitc nitls dd chtronic sood6<br />
factories doninat. th. induslliq in thee indusrriat eslates.<br />
3.3 Ag.icollurrl Sato. ol tl. Eolony of NWFP<br />
Agriculiw is sl<strong>il</strong>l . mlin &livity in the prcvincc ofNrwFP. Thc eolosical fccloB atf6ing<br />
so<strong>il</strong> fcrl<strong>il</strong>ity dd w.ler ava<strong>il</strong>ab<strong>il</strong>ity have gre.t signincec€ in agricultu@ dwelopnenr.<br />
Agriclhue greB,lh in lh€ f6t 35 y6 or so ha not b@ unihm a.rcs esions of prkisto<br />
duc |o uequal avr<strong>il</strong>ab<strong>il</strong>ity of agricuhDl inplGi lik€ inigario. wate., fql<strong>il</strong>iz€E, tnclo6,<br />
dd agri.ultual FPico; l<strong>il</strong>c !€$dch &d ertension, credir frcit<strong>il</strong>iA fld varihg impacts of<br />
pubuc policy iNtrum.nls; such s ldd refoms, ldd t6ue refoms, laalion, subsidi.s and<br />
!n the Nonnem h<strong>il</strong>ly rcgions ed non-idieat€d arcs of Paknrd, agicultue is<br />
dderdevelop€d dd lhe na6 e poor. 20 pcrc.nr popuhtion of Patisrad l<strong>il</strong>cd in Nonhefr<br />
n<strong>il</strong>ly Eg|ons of NWIP dd Baluchtt& according !o t98l ccnsus'r. Th* d€6 e snow<br />
covd.d tqt inacccsibl€ for ball oflhe yr. TlE nain $uEc of in€one is onc or iwo cops,<br />
fru<strong>il</strong>, lorestry, liv.stoct dd lo a linit€d €rteni ioudsn. The rain led de6 constituted 30<br />
pm.nt or Patisrd cultivaled d.a dd on€ sixlh of the rorll populalio. of Pakisirn ws<br />
inhatitc
lhe lutsmounlajnous trurs. GoeFlly &e s<strong>il</strong> oithe prlince is dclicidt in orgdic haries<br />
l&e rihoe€n ed phosphoruJt. Ulst od miz. @ rh. doniMt food cmps wh<strong>il</strong>€ rugt<br />
ce. ad iob&co e nlin c.sh.Dps oflh. p6viM. P6hawd sd Mardd distrids arc<br />
highly iftigaled. Orh€r disiricts lik Bm!, D.t,Kha! Kohai {d Swlr de poorly idgated.<br />
R jFfcd aM d€ foud in all the disrricts. Rmg.lod compris6 about sixl6 n<strong>il</strong>lion &6<br />
ed prcvid6 som. fom of subsist€nc€ lo the h.rds. Th. plr capiia cultivable dea ws 0.4<br />
&B in NWFP wniG compdablc ligre in Sind &d Pmjab e 202 and 0.96 &6<br />
Espedvelyrs. NWFP w6 prcduins ?1.3 peecnl ofrhe roral rob&co ol Pakhid in 1960s.<br />
Fruits ed veg.lablc. w@ prc
Chiud, Kud,l&jkoB dd Sear. Cullivar€d ldd is stl ed mNtly linitcd ro lhe vauey<br />
botlom side. Bdk of thc am h4 rueed agriculle. l{d holdings in th* ,6 d. vqy<br />
small dd p@ple rc S.ncrally poods. Tn€ runl mnony of these nouniainous egions is<br />
b6ed on lor.sts. lives sbct &d loi$ Iikc mulberry, r.tnul, apricor, .pple dd grap6.<br />
Maize n<strong>il</strong>l.ts, puls, polarc, veSaabb ed fo
cultiwdon. Oul of the r0, 24i 77 &cs lolal ollivaled ,rE!" GMdigd ed D@n ifti8atioi<br />
sch€m€e iri8ate !on. @rr, Fo6Fy drd livdtocl( ee othd min $lres of incone. Foct<br />
@v.rd l, 96,500 e6 @ ed liv.sr@t popul.tion w4 452,801 ofwhich 130,16l w€re<br />
goals od 122,6,10 sheep in 1998r'z.<br />
This dist jct is dumuded by hiel l<strong>il</strong>ls. AgriculluE is the ruin solEe oflivelihood. Th€<br />
Bua c€cc Epon 1998 deled lhal lorrl culriv.red e. in lhc districr M 1,36,?88 sc<br />
in 1998. Lin iriSslion wa $e nain eurce of wasing (h€ lod. It irigai.d aboli 2,471<br />
&Brr. For€sls covc.cd 32,10I &r€s ea!. Sctubs ard chir pire dc @jo. tlp6 ot focts.<br />
Toral clltivaied ea in Malatmd potec&d is l, 12,882 &6. Upper sw.t cml is nain<br />
$me ot iEigllio, 72,179 &c ae is irisaiedrs. Liv6 nst is m.in $ne of incohe aor<br />
housebold.<br />
This zon includd disnicts ol Swar, Kohisld. MtuehF, Bara8ru md Abboltabad The<br />
s<strong>il</strong> is mostly lod in nal@, Mlia dd whcar e d? ndn cops Ano.8 ii!tu.nd<br />
veget6blcs dpples, apncots. c<strong>il</strong>rus, ped, romab ed potalo e grown.<br />
In Svat dis6ic! agiculiN t ine ldg.si stor of troht Ir 198,lotal culrivaled e. in<br />
rhe dislricr w4 2,44,256 acEs out of wbi.h l,01,930 &6 wd iEig.ted". Abou 20<br />
p.rcmr ol tte tolal @a ol Swal is u.dd for..r. Liq sl@k is on of lh. main $urccs or<br />
B.t gnn<br />
The enliE dea of Batagm dkbict i6 fcn<strong>il</strong>e Dd Crows Sood ciops, brt most of the dca is<br />
Ein-fed. The najor croF e miz., whqt ard nce. Mti4, whdt dd rice *.rc cullivaled<br />
on 46,359 &@, 19,902 er6 md 5,821 acr€s r$pelively rccording to lhe disfict census<br />
oui or 61,3?2 acrB torat cultivated dca in Abbollabad 69p0 me wa iniSel.d bv tatual<br />
springs in 1998t. Main 6ops e wn4! mizc, jlvr 4d bdley. A@rdirg !o th€ dislid<br />
32
coru E?on 198, our of ls, 53,049 a]s lotal fftsr ea in Haze divisio. l, 35,5?4<br />
e6 wde in Abbonabadlo.<br />
On. lourtn of tbe total eca of the disticr Mdschm cotuisrs of plains. lahli is the nosl<br />
inpolt&r of thc plains. Out of l. 99,534 &rcs lolal cultiv.t€d d.a 32.124 es s€rc<br />
isiSrred in 198 in rhir districl''. Si6 dd Kunhd cmls iEislIe hajor poniotr of ldd.<br />
Wnea!, maid, rice, potab ed robeco @ imponet crcps of the area. Tbe area h nch in<br />
aruits dld v.8.rabls. Liv6 stet &d poulhy e. in abmd{c€ in lhis ara. As regdG tne<br />
foet, &cording to rhc dislict c€.sus repon 1998, Mdschra is on. ollne richell disFicts.<br />
Fortsr coveed an ag of 8,21,028 eG in the dislicla':.<br />
t(otbrr<br />
ftde is ediiy of aCiculiml led in Kohisle dis1nc1. Out of36,?49 &.es loul cullivaled<br />
e!" slreus dd srrings irigar€d ede 25,000 er€s @ in Kohbte @ording to 1t98<br />
ccBuJ3. Vh.cr md m.i& N impondl cops of the 16. Aiier c€dcultur€, fie nosl<br />
imporlml sou& ofsublistchce in Kofiistan is lt* slo.k. \tost common slock de 8oa1fld<br />
shep. For6B @vered 18. 72. tO6 rEs de 'n KohEb uordrna b the drshct cfl!6<br />
Cidled by rhc romlai$, n is th. dch6l aSnoltual @ in lhe prcvire. Th€ valle,<br />
consisrs of P6bawd and Marde divisioru All rhe didncts leshawd, Medan, Swabl<br />
Chdsadda &d Nowsh.E e agricuhur.lly rich.<br />
In Peshos& dishict out of l, 83,571 &es total cultivat€d N4 l, 38,592 eG wde imgaled<br />
emrdins o 198 cds!s". The districl is foou for fi!i15. Tne principd nuns @ plm,<br />
p€.ch, p*, apncot, oeloni apple, guava, ndgo, pminnon md loquats. Th* @ Imv<br />
ldit orchdds along the Gred TnDl Road. Tnc posprny bfar@ G du. to cml svslen r€d<br />
by lhc tuycr Kabul dd tuva Sw.l. wl@! bdL, gM, puls6, o<strong>il</strong>s€€d, suglr bet,<br />
v.B.rabl€s dd lodCd d. gown in laOi ed maize, m<strong>il</strong>lets, paddy, puls6, o<strong>il</strong>eeds,<br />
su8eoe, v.Sdabl* dd lodda rc 8rcwn in r(ra'lffin"<br />
33
ln Mardmoutolz, ?8,715 acres clliivardea2,71,821 &res eawa iftigated according<br />
!o 1998 c4urr Upp.r dd tiwcr Svat cmzls N m.in $!B oa iEisalion. What ed<br />
nsizc e oajor f6d cnin crops. lt is al$ €au.d ldd or su!@d€ dd roblccort.<br />
Mosl ofth. er in Swabi is pltn ed fdt<strong>il</strong>€. Our of2,15,075 e6 cdlivated {ca in Swabi<br />
1,58,150 &rcs were inigaied by Upper Swat canal, Pehlr ceal dd iube wdllsa'. wleat,<br />
naiz€, iob&co dd suge&e de main crcp' A ldge qld<strong>il</strong>y of or&ge dd guava e<br />
poduced in lhc v<strong>il</strong>lagG ofMainj, Jnmda md TordhE on conftddal bais.<br />
Moc the 90 p@mt offtc l,83516 e6 ror.l clhivared @a otChas?ddr wc i galed<br />
ecordine lo 1998 cmsuss'. Four mlin cdals iFigali.S lne disticl a@ Doaba cM.l, Saidar<br />
gdhi c,nal, tlwd md Upp.r Swat c.nals Major crcps ercm in the dca a€ eh.at, beley,<br />
mcir, tobMo ad sus4de chds.dd! h fmos ror bl&[ sneai (Cr).<br />
A{ording ro th€ .listricr cffu Epon 1998, out oa 1?9,821 e$ bral cultivat€d ag in<br />
Noqsb@ 86.488 &Es @ w6 inigated5r. Pubbi circl€ ofNowsh.ta is fmous for citus<br />
fru<strong>il</strong>s. Foresrs covered 12,936 des d.a in Norvrhda disrriclr:. \vhat, @tq sngscee md<br />
suga. h.er e oain crep3 of rhe m.<br />
It includG major pan of Kohal dd Hdg! dbdcts. The t€a consiets of uPled, oUrns<br />
moulain vallcts dd sau plai6.<br />
ln Kohar dis$icr lrigarion wa1e. i3 supplied nrinly by Tddr Dm, (&d€r dnn. DNaizi<br />
dan, Ch{d. Faleh Khe Dm, Gddjali dar s w€ll 6 by springs ed wells. Oul of65,l0o<br />
&s lolal cultivated d€a 25 pd.nl is irig.ted". A major pan of Kohat d.a is sl<strong>il</strong>l<br />
d.p.nddt on d.y fmiDg conditions. Ga.dlly in (,ztal naia, p.ddt m<strong>il</strong>l€t, puls6,<br />
o<strong>il</strong>sced ed sug@ne is sroM. In ia6l ftuitl v.selables dd lbdda are sown Gutva is<br />
fmous frun of dD region. Livs stock is als do.8 bain o9€upation or lhc re3lon<br />
i4
lft!gu<br />
Oul of 852!$ eEs lotal culiwred aM in Fl&gu nd about 14,827 'ft3 e.G inigared by<br />
spnngs, tub€ w.lk a(t f* chdels consloctcd hy prcvincial ir'galion depairnenl!.<br />
Whqt dd mize de inpond crops of the district. Cuava, apple, apricot, p.eut dd plun6<br />
e mrjor nuiG of ln€ *a. Abour 2.5 pd€at ol the rolal l{d in rhe disFicl w6 udd loEsr<br />
Th. bain compries of district! of Bmu, La$i Mwal ed major pan of rwd{ disbict<br />
In $e Bmu dislricl propr ag.icuhe n d@cndo1 upon p.@ial inigaiion, $aonal<br />
iFigadon ftom the h<strong>il</strong>l lon€nl3 dd ihe rainy water thar is sdlldhrribured. Kumh dd iouchi<br />
Riv€6 inigrte lh€ Bmu dtlrict, K&htot, Vial Chuld Muhmnad, vitl Durea Kno and<br />
Vial Shr! ,nya @ mtn canals of Bmu-. Dunns lar, whc.r, bdlex gtu, tob&co,<br />
oibeens, fiu<strong>il</strong>s, veg€tabl€s &d foddcr e src{n. Paddy. maizc, D<strong>il</strong>l€ts, pul!$, sug@ane,<br />
cot!o., fruirs md v.8€tab16 de srern in {ra4 Banea" dal6 &d suava de najor ftuits of<br />
Buu. Our ot I, 8,1673 &6 roral culrivar€d rd 45 p@{t ws idisat€d in 1998n.<br />
According lo rh. dbbct cdsls rcpon 1998, out of4,45,663 &G ofiotal cullivared ea in<br />
L.&ti M@al, c.nals, lift irigaiion stslm, Ro.ltohi hd tlbc wclls idigarcd abou174,l3l<br />
eGrt. Mwar c@1, Kachkol.dal, Sahe€npu. ce|, Panr khel cdal drd Nullals lite<br />
Khmba, ToN4 kghw4 G.abe ed ChuDi @. irigalinS the ltuds. Whca! grd dd<br />
m.izc G nrjor crops Mustn.lon md watdmcloh m mjor fruns offie diskict,<br />
In Kdat disftid ac@rding !o thc distict cdsus rcpori 1998 about 34,,161 rcE (I8 p*fl1)<br />
of tolal ea of l, 91,450 eE ww cullivaled, oul of which 2 p@€nl wd 'merted by<br />
$ora8c of6inwar.l!. No.ivr or ceal 6 p6si!8 thrcud the dist.icl ro sd. (n. iri8.tion<br />
(vi) Srldn.r Pl.d Mort<br />
This ploin lies b€tp€en Rivd Indus ed Sulima. dg6. Il consisls ofD.LKhm od Ta*<br />
l5
Palwlur Cdal suppli.d warer to the aEa d{.d D.LKhd. 20 p€rc6r ofroral cullivat€d<br />
da ofNwF? is leared in Dda llnair Kne, our of8,47000 Mes lolal cultivalcd ea 50<br />
p@al i6 iriSarelw. Thc situlions n.ve inpov€d msiddbly wnh ihe conplcrion of<br />
Chshna Rigbt Banl Cad. Wort on CoDll Zm Dam pmj{t is going od. w<strong>il</strong>b the<br />
completjon of whicn ih€ agricnlluc w<strong>il</strong>l inpove sufficidtly. In emc a@ of D.l. Khd,<br />
agFcultuc b d€Fndat or loff<strong>il</strong>warer laally @lled Rodlohi. Lr th. piedno plain of<br />
D.LKhd fbn 25 h<strong>il</strong>l lore s 850,000 cs{s water b dis.ha8al duiinS p.ar< now which<br />
iriSale 0,61 n<strong>il</strong>lion accs''. Wh.5r, gm, oihclds, nuiG, v.gclabl* ed lodcs e ebw.<br />
duing lari. wlt<strong>il</strong>e n.ize n<strong>il</strong>l.! puli6, @non, ricq sng@&. and taddy m grcM duing<br />
Tdk<br />
h T!* dktnd. aordinB b I9a8 4NN oulof92,624 rE bkl.uhivatcd aru. Tslvm<br />
ed Rodh kohj inigat€d 24,710 &rcs6:. M$knelon, dalc palm,.pple md cirrus re<br />
inporta fruns ofthe q6.<br />
Th€ @gion is only confined to Hdipur distri.l wher€ agriculm is hainly depende.t on<br />
6infatl. Howdd.dlab non rivd Dod irirarc |he a@ aound Hdipur loM. Rivd H&<br />
irieai$ lnall rs ,n Khupu<br />
Situ tuvd, lchh& @d, Du @al, Pujkltha c@1, Kh&pu dcllt ed bn mals, KaIl,<br />
Msg md BhuFy dms iEisare lb. districr. Dunng (rar,/narc, n<strong>il</strong>l.t, grcundnul,lent<strong>il</strong>s<br />
&e comonly grcM. In Ra& whdt, E@, o<strong>il</strong>sceda md bdley e Itown". Out of lolal<br />
7?,816 &re culrivarcd a@ <strong>il</strong> Hdipu dislricr about 13,000 46 re idiSarcd. 79,489 acm<br />
s.a is und.r foren in Heipu*.<br />
(viii) Soulten E<strong>il</strong>ly R.gor<br />
This ane is nairly conpnsed of Noirh and So n Weiristat Agcn i6 H.rc ma'ze<br />
sugNm., rices md p!ls6 r€ fic Krarlcrop!. wlr41dd baley d. Rabi crops. FtuiN<br />
suh s pl!frs, appl€s, lpricois e al$ grema. Work, on Gomal d dm ha b€en<br />
Graned, which w<strong>il</strong>l h.lp ro iriSatc rbc soult wdi.islrn 48fty.
w.tdR6o!!G<br />
N\VFP G divided into the najor tunes on th. basis ofwater r€sure'<br />
{a) Ib. K.brl4hltnLswrt B4in<br />
The Kabll-Chitral-S*at Bditr @npns* $e pan of Pdhlwd ud Malaldd division i e.<br />
dlire dhinage area of ihe Kabul Rivq. nr major Cistribliries of dE Kabul River in lhe<br />
b6in include the Swat, th€ PujLor., the Cltrnl sd the Be. It is lhe nost fdr<strong>il</strong>e dd sellidisatcd<br />
rcgiotr of thc pFvitrce. Out oftwo h<strong>il</strong>liotr cG cultirable l&d rbout halt@<br />
idgat€d at lh€ rin€ of indepfldmc.b. h rhi6 Egio. l. ?1,400 &res of laod wd povided<br />
idigation ft.<strong>il</strong>itia duinS 1950s Dd 60s67<br />
(b) Kr.nDKon.GGoD.l Bsitr<br />
It includes th€ whole dea ofD.l.Khe, Bdnu, Kohat divhion ed Klrm ageocy. Rives<br />
Kuff rd Touchi imA.le Bmu, G.hal 4d l!du' ';8da D.t.Xnd 4d Kohd T6'<br />
irigal6 Kofiar- Ite rcSior onrin d 1.5 m<strong>il</strong>lion s6 ofculivaied ldd, oul orwhi.h l6s<br />
thm one-third i e. aboul I,?8,000 acres wer€ irig.t€d by cMh ed tub. wclls dd nor€ thm<br />
Zld is Bin-f€dd. Duntrg tne de.d. of 1960, .bout 2,IO,5OO a.6 of land w6 boughl<br />
udd itrigrrion@. In 1978, qork on chGhna tu8nr B.it cmal ed $aned, w<strong>il</strong>h tne<br />
corpletion of which th. poblen of watd shon ge ws slved lo $nc cxldl in D.l.(nm<br />
s@n dd Do& riv6 imSat€ Ha4a d<strong>il</strong>ision. In 1968, the lotal cultir.icd lnd ws 5, 66,<br />
871 &6, out of which 93,000 &c i.e ls rhe l? p.rcol w4 inig.red, the sallel<br />
poponion, in the wholc prcvincc of NWFP'o. About 64 pcrenl i,e.10, 2?.504 ac!.s *qe<br />
cultivablc bur sft not bcing cultivatcd, the hjSh.sl prcponion in fie whol€ pnvincc. Abont<br />
24,000 &6 w@ pevidcd iriearior f&<strong>il</strong>i1i6 in dis parl of pbvincc duing l950s.rd
NOTES AND RETERENCES<br />
't^Nndcoz et ot kdk. Pn'hck<br />
'ljlB|}4 N tr F P ,lddintndior ttdt sht<strong>il</strong>h xrte, 190 t 19t9lrt.ndnn: N.tionl Comturioo on<br />
Hisidi.al md culrud Rcldoh, le73), p, r<br />
'hnp: // .d witjp.dir dg/ witiNwFP= clidr<br />
'MiuNudLroridsFns.jidinsaid, t' E@roFrc tre,ss olcropptE Pckn b PFP, Pdt,<br />
Hirbrt dt F.'p4n|Q (e17-76)lP6h*t rBh@ of d.sldpnd ftmnis, un'v.dry otP6luw.<br />
'hnp://.n.wikD.di..olg/ wi*i/ NVFP = climr<br />
'covmr ol MrT?, &rror'.rorr"r of ffim a lktl8nt P6row, ffi@Ir.pod 1990,p.4<br />
<strong>il</strong>li@wqa'E,pofu'lp't'l<br />
'^hipi *w wiJiFdir, lrvFP. o!..ir<br />
" S ah d Kaidat , The Politial Eab', ,/ Poltrrr',, (!ahoa: p681.$iv. Pnblnhc6, 1937). p I<br />
'r Mu brmd ^mDgzb, rdtlddlxrFP, (P6rr*u ^nP,<br />
Ds lce2), P iii<br />
D s.u,rr@ lktt td.Etopi.nL p.xlty ard i4latit ir Pot6br, \t'hft<br />
' lb'd, p ,11<br />
'ltmpaia cu.naoltttiz, Ptutria rdia Notn vd FNtuPtuvie,p31<br />
tt *ltlid Ma, Pbbt h al.lMtophdt ptdrnthp Nalt tr6t Fnntcr Ptovi'.., (lElbt oiD.v.lopftdr<br />
Sbdi6, Agicultur Univdity or Peshiw, 1990), p.a<br />
?!Mio}{lni r.lrm Mia,/rtrl&zt E donlalNtrFf, Qr4661 olDddoptr FMis,<br />
aENlbElr nr.d'n orPshr\. lo-0), p -<br />
rr N|al r.d hbls or.cit, p 73<br />
! Plll'us {d D.Eropnd Diviia covtu orP|tisb4 t4zrcd Dewropnd ofuon@tture ot<br />
NtrFPlq qot, J.NrJy te36,p te<br />
's t2nbeY\te R.larce hq. dnd Eb&d'. p@sr ol MaLakand Diaton (P$hi*ri IDs, le36) pp 4&1e<br />
, k44kd DNkpMt ol Hoditu M ot NvFP tt dpod. t'rny te36.q cn, e.2o<br />
:popur"hcdGolgriiz m. D. nt c.BB R.tod ot r bot. IeN.w I t rg<br />
'<br />
r0 PoDuhtidd Cds orsMrion, Dlinict Cuu Repn ol Low Dn 1993,Pp t5 t6<br />
'| P@!L!d c.M or9ide Ds hd ..Bb Rq'd.I tM Dn tgos p 1|<br />
u poNLM e.BB orF@,in Ds h. t c.M R"Nd ol tM Dt. tee'.p t0<br />
riP@bdq cdu o'snrioa Dlt , cds Repa oI Matorad tees,tr 1rt5<br />
: PoFtdm cl,N o'cairzito4 Dntd cM Rerod ots*a. 1e93,@3'1<br />
rr Popuhiion cffiu Ors iarion, ,tnd C.Bs Rzpon ol4a|oBnfl\ t993,pp t6<br />
'Popul.dd Cds o4rizdoA Dirtict Ce,M R.pdfl.t /bbotubnd. 1903 p 4<br />
l8
iL Popuhrioh cdu OB@rim, Dtr ikt cM R.tad ol Mqyhn\ 1993, pp 15-16<br />
"lbid, p.r6<br />
"PoF<strong>il</strong>d@c€tuo4on 64D"ri.,c*tu r.p.d otru'i@ t9,F.a5<br />
' Populrtidd c'nu! O'l,ulDor Dsnrt (<br />
Rtpon aI t|ardo\ t9r8,w ttr6<br />
^t<br />
o<br />
PopdrM h6 o4Mi4 DrrR I AM R.podolsqb| |et,n.tz Idt1<br />
- PoroLlid c.M O4mi,ri4 Dtnrt tjBB R.Na afcMdz ]99t p ta rd t1<br />
' P9!!brid c.GG Orrmt ridr Dlbtat c.Ba Repot a[No$]@, 1993,ut.9t2<br />
" Popuhid C{!G O!8oi,'riq Dnt .t ceBA Rtp.t ofxoh't, t9r3,1p34<br />
: Por{t do clM o4lizriq ,rr,d cM oI Husr, t e9e, @.e-ro<br />
^.poa<br />
" Popul{m cNs OEmiz:toq Dr'|tu c@ R.poa d LaEd MoMt, t993,w.t4<br />
" Poruhriod cms Olgrnizlriod, D,!t dCe''s Repo/ofXd41993,pp.lur2<br />
- srrd M*d-Dd.Di!, rz'irrdal ,co'ory Qt D.n hko<strong>il</strong> x6or (19,7- 1931), n$. asi@lturl niivdiry<br />
' St d MGua-Ehn,{arcltral &dN, qD& Iffi<strong>il</strong> t(ttu D'h.I (1917-1931),9.24<br />
" PoDuLt@ c.tu orgbi'.6oq Dnnid cM R.td ofton\ I9t3,w s.to<br />
- M 6n €nd Sy6d, Op.o L p.l9<br />
'Poplhbm ctrs oE$Ehoq DAtid cM Retoh of HoriM te93,pr.t3f7<br />
d<br />
M .. .nd st€d. O9.clr, p.16<br />
!'Nmr LIrn MiA nd r!tu/@/ t or,ry of NVFP, l9m.8t<br />
a rbrr\inB.E M%hott'ti\ of l*ieultoE t ,r. n ./FA 0Biie of D.vdopm( E.@iB, aeii.ulrDl<br />
un<strong>il</strong>dfty of P6br*r, reTr), p.75<br />
39
Cbrpter4 .<br />
Hbtorlc.l brck€mund of agrlculhral dev.loPoert In NWFP<br />
The wold agri.ultuE is con .&d of No *ords asel {rh. @<strong>il</strong>) dd cultuE (ihe l<strong>il</strong>liog<br />
of). acdlly .S.i!hE n not m.E lh. tlling of o<strong>il</strong> bd n is a prcaesio for Baina liv.lihood<br />
by *ploidng tutunl EsouMs ..s lmd md rala et. In i6 sinpl€st foo agpcrltudl<br />
davelopmont n€aN dising p'oduction or c@ps, iuits, veseLbles and lne nunber of mimlls<br />
l€@d. B6i&i f.mins .nd mioll hubddry, isricultE alr incbdA 6snqi.s ud foEslrt<br />
Htlory or agricultuE is s old s tt !.1 lDd pdctie of cultiEtion, t h E ced brck 10<br />
lhe &volopodnt of dom.slicarim of planls rnd .Dimls in thc Nsllnic p.iiod abonl 10,000<br />
ya6.go. Subcontindt he b*n. wld eruary since liDcs in'lmdi<strong>il</strong>. About 5000 Fs<br />
lgo thft w.re fmins comuities in tne nonn scst 6r the Slb.ontiEDr. Tn inl'tbn nl6 of<br />
this a@ uscd io ebw wheal lnd kesp sieep, slal! td alde. ft.y usd to bu<strong>il</strong>d dtns tcFss<br />
ssoMl stseaE vid slon.walk b inislc dEir copJ. P€n;im of vha! bdl€, paddy 8d<br />
the nlage tools fonnd in th. Sdghor. clv€ e sideEd by mhalogis6 b b. a00O ys old<br />
Anm tib€s wlrc @cuDicd.iwnN @3 of the Indus ed <strong>il</strong>s Libulfid 3!ch .s lhc Swal and<br />
Kabul bccue noie Dd no& .&plcd 10 .srcultuG wnh dE pagsc of tinc. TIc<br />
&hadlodel w6l$ aond nm $. q€votios ot Sh€irn t ohsj, $e SD8how cav., &.<br />
Knshni Snus. the Polo Dheri ca!e, lh. T'litbai, rh. Jrmol c.rhi, the Jui sh.ikh ruins 8td thc<br />
ex€vard chain afciv<strong>il</strong> c!@ls e all tcstinory 10 lh. fict lhal .gricDltuE h.d b..n tne ceDlunca<br />
old trcuparon of rh. nh.bihts of Mlb wsh p.tu ol SDbcofriml Ttat B dpL<br />
.videnca of asriculluE b.ing drc Finciptl @cupation of lhe Y<strong>il</strong>l.g. folrs in l.tt r Vadic asc<br />
'n<br />
Indo-sub.ontinenl flErc see cMh !o inisale thc I.Dds. Tbe !!e oi wN dbo lriomr<br />
'muE<br />
S.foft tb€ .riv<strong>il</strong> of MuliFs in Sut dti6t thc indiS.nols ag..ie stsr€n of<br />
sDbconri*d *6 br*d on tlE Hindu scEd hs of Mmu _rh.rc wG $e li!g, taYing no<br />
p6p.rry nehi in land .xccp1 lh€ rigl* to r shlt of &e prcduoe, below th. ldn3 *os thc<br />
cDftiv.roE (t !di4r/', owM, cultivator z'id! or tuob.s oljoint v<strong>il</strong>tee cmmun'tv) wE of,<br />
r@l oM.a of rh. l.nd Th. tjlg \ custorurt shlF ws equl ro l/o- or Ld of thc ptodue J<br />
fte omollsol ie.ut. colle.kd tlnd E\edue Ile kinS; pqtandunrduq '!) b pmkcr hi!<br />
a.r AS.lculturc Dor.roPndr duba Mu.liD Rul. I! Srb-CondtrEt<br />
On ln.n ri!.I in $h.oDtiMi in ?l l A D, the Muslims bbughl with lhen rbc lr'd<br />
reveue sylli.B ot Kh\ruJ i-Mtq@ha tnd Ktn4i rMueo,ol thtt \|e idcnlid wnn dc<br />
.lFldy op.6ftr'g sFcn of agricultuE rh6 Thay oDly 3w. smc rcbic md &6id ll.lG ro
thc rhci erisrins insliruiotrs rhrcurh minor chmges. IiiM! ftlcnu. olnccN \rcrd k pr lnr.d lo<br />
strpen ise the ignculruc in ecupi€d &rirory of Sindh dd p.d ot Plnjab, !'kl the Esl of lndia<br />
fruc fmm Mtrslim\ infl&ncc rdrincd unaheEd. h thc fomer !us,lhu co.vcG werc lo Day<br />
otrly iarer otr tlFir produce ol llnd and non-Muslihs w€re to po, lr,fdl e.luiv.l€nt ro l/6'" of<br />
Thc mcdicval Mudim kirF ofChrmvid.r, chfrida ud Qllbi dynlsties followad tlE<br />
hnd sysrcn inroduced lry ihe Adbs in Sindb. Thc pc.snty conpried nosrly of Hind$, sbo<br />
*ere ftgardcd as dr,t,:r.nd wd. auorcd b *olk on ri.n fomd holdrn$. Thc piym of<br />
fixcd lnnud /irrzj in Iu p sud wls dre dpotrib<strong>il</strong>ity of the v<strong>il</strong>hlc headoo who<br />
$rlF.que.lly dktibtrred dr rsscssne rNon! rhep.0sanG6 Tho Motr!.I[i(h devosllrod Drost<br />
ol rh. aEar of Indir in l3'" c.ntr'ry 0!d Nh.rever.ultivario, w6 po$ibtr by zDrd,,r, lhe<br />
ljor ponior of rhe prcnucc rvas r.ken awlr as rcvc.uc sllecrion '<br />
AnDgrlt llrlcr si,l/r!,, Ala{ -Din Kh<strong>il</strong>jii'nroduccd lrc'ncn'lo's chrDlcs i', d{ |<br />
odminishtion of$e $hinatc The cou.r mbl6 who domiMted n litic.l our look and wcE of<br />
gElimpotuft. fton dF agBnu t inl ofvid during Sdldr.e, olc Thcy w@ allowcd t<br />
p3niou ollofd ri€c ldn olessmenl rs rcnrunci0riotr td then sryices to rhc srore Thoy werc<br />
.xp€{rei ro colLcl dE sbr. s sh.re blr rh.y squccz.d o@ our of p@nts rhnn rhey paid ro 0'e<br />
public exch.qucl AI.-!d-Din fts dlcc.sfnl lo r.duce thei <strong>il</strong>ttuence ltc broughl dn c<br />
dtnges in sgnrian policy. He ord€red fie resudption ofall lond gmnis, wlrich lne nob<strong>il</strong>igi,<br />
Sovcmenr o<strong>il</strong>iciah lnd othd iDdividu.ls held as gitu, gmnt or lew.rd ibm rhc sbrc. H€<br />
n p\vdf, Mtqdddtna ed Mub ofa brg. pan ofrh.i |rn,ts .nd .nh,m<br />
ofthesbterromonesixthloonchalfoffieprcducc.Demdhdd!ofr$e$mcDtw*r.fomed<br />
lnd rh. sc s dcoaqls wc c.lcul.cd on rhe b.sis of sb'datn yi.ld p€r un<strong>il</strong>.@ Th. dcnrnd<br />
ws sl!6ted pldy in c!5h and p.nly h gmin. ln dd<strong>il</strong>ion I gEin8 rox sas chars.dv. lo<br />
rcmove lhe maladoinisnarionj larye orc! was convdr.d to k dlird thar was dirccrly nanlged by<br />
(a*uns For eddicating conpdon a s.pante depann.nt of<br />
DiMn i viratd $Ngl ADt<strong>il</strong>s<br />
^tA<br />
Dntuti||wtukJtnj v* .t.akd and .nhskd *irh rhc dud6 of inquiring i.ro arean lnd<br />
misuse of 10nd revcnue. Mo(over king kept vig<strong>il</strong>a8c warch ovcr rhe dondu.r ofPah@/is dnd<br />
rh. Eveou. books w€re iNpelcd by lupdior oflieB ud Ling hin slf Egulaly. S.vw<br />
punrltnerts wce oeLd out 6 dbs. vho w@ round Fsponsiblc fo! lakins bribcs or rrlsit<strong>il</strong>g<br />
Anong lh€ succedrne Kin8s, chyeud,Din Tughluq t(Dk ten intc!6t in .gnirn<br />
6an* He E{tganircd rh. Fvenue sdminiddrion. Hc di$rdad hasurflrnr in farcr oirrl,t<br />
thtrr allorins coDsssior to $e n€asanls ior pdnial fdituft ofcrops or unexpecred lowyictd The
'landad dchdd srs Educd f@n oe h.l<strong>il</strong>o on. fiRn ofthc p6due " Fibz Shan Tusnhq<br />
Irve inp.tus to dE exioNio! lnd impbMe oflgriculrrE bt.xovarion lnd coNhction oa<br />
ne" rml. Fous lournew.rE.r ro menerhe Esioo oidE Indu. bssn. Peop.es {{!<br />
encotrng.d ro bu<strong>il</strong>d prirarc mmb with $cn oNn rcsulc. sdc of rhc pivltc car.k lik<br />
Chasd .nd Krchkot in lrannu dGricr ol Nonh w$r Fo ier ESion were rcpai..d thar ftrv.<br />
b€d bu<strong>il</strong>r by the Mengal lnd ll0ns rib6'<br />
DtrrinA the Lod[i !tr'l Syed dtm3ics lh. l.nd dignhont *as (ic msr inpotunr<br />
innnudo. .nd tne a$<strong>il</strong>us $cre bounJ no. ncEly 10 loyalry ad p€erul *Me brt ro<br />
nrinhin 3 body o<strong>il</strong>rcop lvl<strong>il</strong>iblc foi rhe kitrg's ne.d. Bahlul hdhi offqed tarlc assignncnts ro<br />
rhc Afuhan l.adca sho.oNirurel hisclridNs slrcrgdr The Af8h.tr rssiunuu h triehrM<br />
rd mrmgc rhc hnd and b ui<strong>il</strong>ize rh. p.lens plac.d undd rtm''.<br />
Thc Nonhwos frorrier rcgionr srw mant Paknton or Afghan rib.s ltcadity shitting<br />
erssvmd fio'n Afshanishn rnd conMnrly cxeding pre$ure upon lhe canicr irhbir.nc du ng<br />
,h{ €' lJ (.nruner Md ol rhe Pathton n ibcs ot rhc Fbntrq onc hF ri conquco bcrwen<br />
1000 andl500 AD'' BctoE 1526lh. Pdshasar valley Fdci !s erlci: ttu ier for pa$oral<br />
clans tod Afghatr rib.l conr.dsaoios migntins fron lh€ west. nrce ctans occ'|pied the rcgion<br />
bcN,en Khtb.r Pa$ !.d inc hd$ Riwr by .lispl@ing d dohiurina tenl nlcE ond<br />
agtictrlr(dns. The AfSn& styling rb.melv6 !s PllJrNn, dividcd thc plan and highlaod vlllcy<br />
nonh of Ihe Peshawar vrlley !mmgrhcir fanitiei and coniederdrc.llier', )<br />
Dtrinr rhe Mughul s ieign, ZihiDddin Aabd.nd I]lmatu rode no b.r.iit chang. in<br />
rhe exi'ins lisl amngdent durir8 ihri. Efuns Sh.r srEh Suri was rhe ficl who madc !<br />
synemaric lrndsurvcyand l.iddosn thc nain pnnc iples of revonue !d mini $. rion, wh ich wor.<br />
follosed dudn! $e hrc! kings. H. fix.d rhe sr . d.rond !r one rhird oi rh. poduce rnd<br />
i @duced Egular adninGtmfion hi.1rchy of DnM, porym, sotku znd iqto. puEdno *as<br />
adQr.d .u.$.nrialry i rcv.n.e untrtr tn c -h poagana ri&r w6 R,Nnnblr fo, kefins<br />
reood or lh. rcvsnne collection and ndins it ro th. kins. Ai v<strong>il</strong>lsgc levet, rhc vithse headnan<br />
cou4rd th. l.nd tmu.. H. inroduccd. Jdli, ot:,r, s]sien. Th. land N.s c.icBdizd inro<br />
good, niddlin8 rnd bodr ind *rs nasur.d by &pc Mo@wi hc inloduccd rhc zry,r!4rt<br />
stsem undo! whrch rdtar havirg secu rcd p ropriersry inre€sl in rh. soitrnd norivaled rhem ro<br />
blina abundrnr wastelln& undd rh. plough I'<br />
Akbar corebd, whd Sher Shrh had alEqdy foundcd, by .volvi.g rhe mdnods oi lhd<br />
sufley. Fi6llyj he inlroduced "Iar, of bombos joined tos.lh.r wifi i@n iinss for the<br />
nNEmdr of land; oorvd rh. I.nd was clasiti.d inb p./9; pro'1i, chocher and banjo.<br />
'th. poloj .nd prouti lDds wft dividcd inio good, niddln'C and h6d. TtE orc lhnd oa av.n8c<br />
4Z
pnduc. ollhese tnEe snd.s of lud w.s laten t! lnc sh.E of thc alat The amul etdmenl<br />
@ Fpl&.n by d@mj.l eltlcncnt- A numbd of d6 w@ lbolkh.d. ftqdi l@6 reE<br />
issu.d ro lle peallnt3 tIDr w.rc rccovsod in insbllmenrs. n@ syslcns of Ewnu., the Cr,ra<br />
bo*tti,Zobi nn Nsag erc.doptrd in rhc enpiErr. albd.volved tt integElcd syscn for<br />
ihe coll.clim ol hnd lwnuc, tl 'ot onlt pleased $c p.enty bu1 bcncfir.d dt sbr. als. Hc<br />
inroduecd rhe,tr'axsardari sysr.h, *hich bcci6.. D.mrc fodd ofrh. sgarian sysisn of<br />
rhc hrc. Mushul cnpiEs 'nd conrinucd u!' ro rhc svohrh 6ory. -l]E sysEn inplied |n31<br />
the hdldc6 ol the M4rrrtr wcr if scrvioc ol the nare and wdc bound b rcDder seflrcc m<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>ary<br />
or orh.'sie whcn they wcr0 crllsd upor '' Ift AnEi@n obps quiclly spud $irh in rh.<br />
Mudrtrl Fopnc duri s rhc Nn.J l60o-14i0 (tnr or raia {rs iohn'ccd rs a li*d cop 'n<br />
the Pesl *ar valley durin! rlris puiod.<br />
lle peernid ifti$ri('r n rha lndui synen d!t!s bact b lie qrly 17th @nlury when<br />
Empgrcs Shah Je[rn and Jciargn condnrclcd aenal'H!slie'bn ging *ad fon rh. Ravi lo<br />
rhc oyalBaidcns ncor hhoR.nd for Shrlianar gmden of Lrhore. tidocror AuhDg2eb ale<br />
br<strong>il</strong>r r sc.ierofcamls h Mllhn. The M(A,l ,t sFem v.nt on dct'nfth,a 'nd stsar i6<br />
ldwcbbdfri'U rhd rful,<br />
'cra<br />
ol unngzxb\ re<strong>il</strong>t. The .s*$menl $ns r$do on lhc v<strong>il</strong>lagers<br />
d uni 0r ' mk \0ry,ng Ircm onerlDrd ro om h.li Thc d.d.nd on inJn'Jual p.dent *d<br />
o'ni.{<strong>il</strong>, kepr ro Li fixed Dy hc Ban, who in oider ro faw his ftends a domindnr clique of<br />
ihe v<strong>il</strong>ldgc, manipulrted tie burden of stFng b foll on tu wek. So thcE was downfau in<br />
agricullual poducrios du. to rhc d€iv. buni.n liid lpon 0E shouldcN of.he ,.a$nls. Th.<br />
cfiod of adtornistntion ro i.c&ase the dvenue in-foct l€d ro continue dccline, nol only i. tnc<br />
r€eocd @s tur al$ in nrc ashm.nts. For li@mlinin3 $c Bcn$0 a'lninisrrrtion th.<br />
emp.or ised \ro lcdDlrns I hc fi61amthlsizd inctwing th. olti\"td ars, *elaarc ofoE<br />
I'easant ind lrnnging under ccaecrive oo ol rhe 1@01ofrioiols. The secord one wis <strong>il</strong>s'ed td<br />
ensui. rhar rhe Ev.nue is arssd od collc.red in &coi.tuc with fi. principlcs oa lslanic<br />
las Thc pBcricrl oul come .f rhc laftr was nor .ncoudginS $ it Nas {rcssin8 *D!ftam ot<br />
i.srri irch k azJ ldnd bur dN skre ollaDd rcnained unaltered!.<br />
4r-ACrlcultur. ddclopncnr la Fmlricr dkoict! h rh. prs0rftih crr<br />
During Albd s ancnpl ro subordinatr rhe Afghans livine in the Pc$rwar vallcy led ro<br />
unending riva lry b.reed Mu8h<strong>il</strong>s kings a nd Paknfu! wdoldr, 'The lcd 4cord ot th k penod<br />
is tull of bumi.g, qpulsim 0nd mrsrcs of rh. trib6 Mupyina lhe pl.i$ by th. Mugbuk<br />
whichlheycompellcdbpaylrihie'rr, The lion shsrcofttu rcvelu€ colleded was redisbbnted<br />
ro <strong>il</strong>lid Mzlnr, $d. of whon nadcd degl6 of srbodiMrim. Ir app.is rha! ouch or rcr ol
h. P6hasar vollcy wis ncv.r subj.ccd ro any rylr.natic cbpland or h.w6r nasurdn!<br />
and hrs nor deliv.icd .ry dirccr palmcnl ro MuShul ofiici<strong>il</strong>s,.<br />
ln 1536, Mohmand and odE6 Pakntun rib6 @@l€d undq.ral.h, rhe Rarrrrd herdic<br />
Thc Youelzri and Mandolr Afghan .Lb f.ll und.r lhc ecll of lhc I'J'lr, h.asy. Mughul<br />
aurho.it srs challcrgcd agrnr !'d again ir rhis pln of rh. counry. Matit hrcd r youefzi<br />
chief lhen ficed llrc d<strong>il</strong>cnmi as hor b batdncc rhc @ious youMfzia clai,ns on the n.w<br />
leflrones arouM Pcshaqor He tuned to a rcligiotrs figure, Akhund Dorozo <strong>il</strong>0hd ro ,range<br />
pdsible solution. Akhund Dcdaa cEdired Shcikh Mati with qryins oul census ol fte<br />
Youelzia rfta and lo accodptish equibble tand disEibrri6n:r. The lsnd !s disribured<br />
.ccordi'3 b the rulcs l.id doM in lne Daldr of Sh.ib M.li. sheib b.sides llreari.g shnre ro<br />
each clrn also decE.d 0E! the $ Fiod otim. mtLs rhara y@6,nd nor noE rhln t0<br />
,qs, re'shbdirS elrlcd clam would nubrlt, dchdse ltuds and l<strong>il</strong>ascs fi. nain<br />
phiiosophy b€hi'rd ris dccrce wrs ro glanntc lhci no group would goin any Mdre ro ben*<br />
so<strong>il</strong>, chnrt rrd exccs to waler. casrins lok decidcd lhc question which hrd lhould go ro<br />
whom rhis drdoh is loootty knoln,6 ks, or *rar,,/rir. Main objsrivc oI ydr, systen w.s<br />
to mrin&in jusricc dnd cquahy aftons rhe ribdncn. Thee Edisrrjbulion poticies were<br />
le3itimize,ibyEligiouslurhonry ofSh.jkh Mali ard ako by hn sial bt.as neurEt, coe,sus<br />
bu<strong>il</strong>diDg figuE oul sid. $c cortsoBiar Ftnicat 3phcc ofMoli*rrJ.<br />
During rhc laLr Mughul p.riod, rh. anbnions of Kh.l<strong>il</strong> and Mohm.nd M,litl h.d<br />
.urld,,eior'.rL'rn(c\en.orhetirleofKt,an" kad,ngKhshtKhan"Ansr.!a,Jed,he<br />
r<strong>il</strong>re or,!rrd, (lord or maste, by a r"d,/ 0f dre erreF! Shah Jehan Mohnlnd Khons soon<br />
adopled ihe ide. Tnc pr.*ncc otpowe.tul,tdo, KhaDs in rh. hav<strong>il</strong>y iftiaakd rdpp,J lound<br />
Pcah,we <strong>il</strong>l$htod th. Mughul &ieDiMrjon lo n.ximik EvflE frm .jch lands For oEr a<br />
c.ntory. a linnen glup of P*ntu JbgTda6 lnd cLr Lldds @d Mughut p.bdgc ro<br />
coMli.laa peenal cl.ime to liHge ladcchip lnd b cd Folirid ,udBnry o!.r !8.icultuEt<br />
Facks. Nercnhel$s dE Muehut ! hotd in t,cso t6ritoii.! @ @k and pecrlioudd ft.<br />
P.rb,w ruler Shcikn Ush.n sBrucred Ja Sh.i*n or .,Sheit! k (alha,, canar in 1694 unde.<br />
In$ruction of Mughdl kiDg Auianszeb.<br />
In rhe errly.ighr!.nth centory, imperial 5hcto,cd agBlian ftlation in p6hlwu vallcy<br />
chaucnged lnd Eshap.d local P.*hu sejety Aunn82cb lppan to hav. ldoprcd corcit<strong>il</strong>bry<br />
policy to*dds fi. Afghe. Sone of dEm wft @.jvi,s 6c€G non tn. .mpcbr, which<br />
FcwDlc{ dy cotrcn d Alghd nsing aslitur lhc Mughlls. Afshds owr m, H@n in rhd
On ft. ddlts of Allmgab d*dy .nd disiDt.gEtimrsl&le{t. Empercr B.h.d€r Shah<br />
.n mpLd ro Fsuide Afz.l Khnn Gnnd lon of Kn$bl Khrn Khnrbh ed cnief ol Kh0rbk<br />
clan) ro t@oopany nim ofi.ring hin tlc Ma,Bd, ol4OOO hoMzr. Nonh west Fbmi.r csion<br />
.rp.riom.d politiql cNlidation of tn!N. Th.sc ldrn! 4rn s inr€mediries b.Ncn<br />
v<strong>il</strong>lqc b.sd clm b&r rnali* ldl irFnd tdn<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>Frc wno wE skinA hd. brb<br />
reur<strong>il</strong>y. n<strong>il</strong>itary @oits d'd romiol ffru. obliSr|iou dn y!re taBely Mirled is J,si6<br />
md *Nie wd&. ChiefE f!l)@, gtuG.s ed .dvdtuEm chining rlc er alled edltd<br />
on {E bair df pGsessim niinhin.d by |orc., drn.d to coller &vo'ue 6on the Delsinb und.r<br />
thct cdnrbl and adm<strong>il</strong>red lirb<strong>il</strong>ities lo pay a ponion of lhcir &oeipls lo aDy suDend. aDthority<br />
nmr| crotrlh ro $ist on Dalmctrr ,lurin! lard' Mtrghtrl Kings I'r rhk w.y subsidiad thms<br />
mrinbined inperial tics yet al ihe sme rihc con6oliddred rheir posnion s seni lutononous<br />
h.id. oi.lansrt.<br />
During DuBnis nle, L\e DuE i ,
The Si*h m.nu. sFten *6 ba&d won lh. principlc ofdealins nol 'wjrh thc pcople<br />
bur *nh rh. chi.lj*. Thcv did mr ollcr Lnd ..M!. bur d@r€d 6burg frcm rhc chi.ls.<br />
Peshl$ir. Koh!( Arnnu lnd pd of D.F lma<strong>il</strong> Kjun wcE .gtully bibuhry rds l}c SikI<br />
uslally colleclcd thc ribua in kind,lh€ nrcs boing on hllf of rhc pbduce in inig.r.d land md<br />
riom one lhtd oon. eighr on nh fed bnds. Besid.s revenue the Sikn rut6 imposcd nunEous<br />
ces*r and vcxarion duedr. In nada thcy d.s<strong>il</strong>yod tie Fop.ierary ishrs of dc old hnd<br />
owning connunrty ,ariJ.l .nd chirud th. ?ntiF .8. a b€longing !o the soE. Warld and<br />
d'en rarn! w.rc r.Ld <strong>il</strong>ik .They wcrc <strong>il</strong>lowd ro hott l$ei tud or rhe aitt oi sbrc .nd on<br />
condidon ol poyins $c tuu €.r. which s.s o,. half oad. pode. fic iishrs in ldd r.d wrd<br />
seft npbccd by ncw oG, le.ding io which (hc plr€c oa kalonB or rriburo sholld @ivc<br />
prDpnebry nghb to bolh e<strong>il</strong> and mrd. Fom ltis onwrd they l@ked upon {E* rislB ol<br />
vater as dislinct fbm those in la and wat r could b€ bolShr, sold .nd nD(gaged<br />
4.3A8ricultureDev€lopme lnFrc jerditrrt.t!dudngBrtdshperlod(1849n90t)<br />
ft. Bnr<strong>il</strong>h ov.nlla} lhe Si*b bd b) rhc pcllnard ofMach 29. 1349. tn. PunJrb<br />
wa rmexod and Fbltid dGricts ftE n!d. a prrr of Punjab. F@ a shon imc lh. disricrs oi<br />
Pesbawar, Kohar i.
fte a.iti5h unden@k liBr rev€mue &rrlcorotrc ir lionli€r disrrica trr<strong>il</strong>tB lhc puriod<br />
cxl.nding nom 1368 to 1880. T!€ l€m olfid rcgulir ef<strong>il</strong>cdenr wts lscrry.iv€ yeaB for<br />
P..hawar, Koh.r and D.ra l5m.<strong>il</strong> Khan Md thidy yeoB lor Binnu dd Htat!. The Pr, system<br />
cx<strong>il</strong>ld rhoud in h.Suirhing rom in T.hl<strong>il</strong> Trnk of DtuEict De6 hna<strong>il</strong> Kuq ln. upper<br />
Mtami or Koh.t disiricl in rh. M'Mr Tcnr<strong>il</strong> of Bamu lnd in som. v<strong>il</strong>lasB of P6hawar<br />
dunng fic fi^r '.gulq t.dl.n.nPr<br />
Bnt,h.n.oudg.d md,v'dualztion rn popcrq ,ignL. wbch q$ ! mslad lh'n hm<br />
ih. colletive omeship by v<strong>il</strong>hgc conmuni9 snd othd conplex rom or propcrq dgnt in land<br />
rha! sxi.ten ar rhe rihc of the tate ov* by th. Birkh. In lhe remotc, inrccc$ible .|ld baftcn<br />
deai rhe tibal ;mctuE has not chmsed. wl<strong>il</strong>c in lhs .as<strong>il</strong>y acc6sibl. fd<strong>il</strong>. ph.c it $on<br />
und*.nt tundamcnul ch.ng. and. fctdrl si.ry b.g!n ro.ftdgc. (ro, no lo4d rhd*d<br />
tib<strong>il</strong> chief bur agmcd thc s.nrs of landlo'die. Th. inflMrirl clrsg *.8 gnnEd.pei.l<br />
concc$ions. Brinsh rttucr!rod an indiEr rysLn of odnids[ation in Fbnricr disrricls. A lalec<br />
Nmbcs al.he hnded.lib qere nploycd in this ncw stsuotur€ to scurc poliiical conhl and<br />
r|t cotrsoliddion olihpcirli$ in thc diiicls. So ices ol rh€se c&d acrc l<strong>il</strong>ied by rhe<br />
coroD'al solenhcnl in rhc disdcrjudicirl ,rnd Nr.nue adninistation, in r<strong>il</strong>itary ond in &rive<br />
so* rsainn ary polirifll rgidi.r In lietr oa rhcn k^ i.es io rh. e zJ. rhey w.a giver hoDorific<br />
rrc\ .L!1. as Ardn 4/.rrx\ rn,r x/,a, r/nb\ rnd aLo gmtrbd 0fn J,atrr, !un\ dnd cvmuc<br />
r.m,sioDs. Tne impci.lisls icglrd€d ri* big Khms or thc pdv<strong>il</strong>cged hndcd .dliochcy as the<br />
mrural lsden oI li,c |Eotlc Thcy owned ldlc pioces ot land Sometiftc ursndsolacrcsof<br />
hnd were owned by r|[n, poses*d elomotrs vcrlrh, had gieal sociat slltN, and ex.rcied<br />
grc innuence ovcr thc v<strong>il</strong>hg.^ Anotner rrotrp ot the lande,l cln. sds rhd lnnller Knffs,<br />
rhough nuneic.lly stbn& le$ favot€d by rhe govmn.d. A. a Coup rhet wcrc nor opp.ed (a<br />
tnc Br<strong>il</strong>ish covern. Tncy had di@r conLclr w<strong>il</strong>h dic pe,$r dd ordiury cutrihbB. ne<br />
Khins bodr big and sn<strong>il</strong>Lr oncs did nol cllrivd. ihc l.rd by rherelr.!, $der rh€n btehge<br />
v.te dehqars hntatar, and loqirt rho siftply t ndcrcd rhcn alegiance !o tho Khsls an'l acrd<br />
The bulk ollh. aEiculluhl popul.ionoith.piovinc. wasXr!&an Ztn ind.6't|,e,<br />
th.t. rete IE Eutkhalho. vdnrra6, who Encd rh. l.Dd fro; a /drxd,r ro' I ra.d bm d<br />
emc nx.d osh Ers and cultivared n ihrouch hir.d labor or she copFsr".<br />
So far d rlE .ight ol difcrco. individ!,ls in rhc so<strong>il</strong> *6 corcuncd, lollowing four<br />
clt$cs ol ne, po$es$d propiebry risbrs in l!nd. ir) Fuu poprielor; was otre who cutlivated<br />
hLs htrds.nd was eDtirlcd to iLLllFoduce ortiDd (b),,, M.I* rur', i elD hrd aoquired hG<br />
prcpiierary right in llnd by purchase or by fovor olrhe lovemenl. He oc.!pi.d intemddiate
posi.ion between tho full popriclor and tenanl, tl. was nor o menb€r of L\e co-pl..rry body of<br />
the v<strong>il</strong>lqp propri.to! nor corld hc clrin any sh.rc i. th. $dul/a! of $c viuage. Ue w6<br />
E+oNible for'rhc p.trcnt of the @!e .nd c.ss on hjt hold;'g rnd could llidrt. hG land.<br />
k) A supqior pFpndo'; vs d 0be@ Lndlord wh@ inFEsl in land was @rnncd o'ly b<br />
rhc lteipr olqDn E' Sonc tim hc h.d rishi in w!$elmd fioueh lE had Indc conrol over<br />
cultiwtn ioldings, (d) An intenoi propderori wr on.n .h. acrul culrivitoi but somctines hc<br />
migh. have rena.G uldq hin'"<br />
As ftacds .sqo.nl or the lr!d, two noth€ds of 6s$en! fixed c$h 6*$nert and<br />
<strong>il</strong>Etu.rin3 as.snml w.G intro
(ii) Lrbd (a4rdc,,)<br />
'lirislon<br />
'ne Pakl un supDoned thds.her on .BricultlE dd canh breding. Dccisim<br />
con*hina the tib.t coufttive actions N.E bk D bt tlE./iirad. Thc land own.Bhip lnd land<br />
i.nuE sysh plsd rhFuc rh@ disliDcr Dhrs: tn. Mughd, tbc s<strong>il</strong>h .nd (h. Brir<strong>il</strong>h.<br />
Thc llnd knurc lylcD in tlre Noni*.{ Fonlier EgioN s$ orc of .x@d<br />
egalirariadm. E ch lrib. lEd r sp*ifi€d lEi of l.nd, shich was iinh€r 3lbdiaid.d ido !tulla<br />
unis for rhe \rrious rribol sogm.nb doM lo rhe rrt M. The tand lenure in lh. Pakhru.! a@a<br />
ras based on a slrong *n6. of reaitorial rishr Ir *.s collotir risht s sell as p@viding lor &e<br />
seprfrte e.joymenr oi rhr indifidull LmitJ sh& in rhc tdd. A very imroninr aspccr of rhis<br />
r8hrNasrhcsyic olkls,,r'.orgrhcrib.s.ftcirrt s alxt subsriom.'Ur porsion of !<br />
sepinc t@r by.ich rib. \'as pluled od inro tos or rapr6, ach h.td by mlin sub dirision<br />
6f rh. tibe. 1 hc* IoG \rru again snbd<strong>il</strong>idcd inro btak6 dch leld by a lr!/ ot thc subdivision<br />
These blocks Nere ycr !g.i,! sutiivided nro rra.t th.l held t'y subsrion of rhc rrel, whiL<br />
inside eroh ,a,lt cr0h individual pmpieror hft hh share or ,,*rra. ljlch ,//'rl, wrs nol,<br />
ho$cver. EprcscnroJ by I si'nplc gohprcr ptor oftrhd. To ecue !n cqsitiry ofdirribtrrion<br />
e&h ta,/i was $'hdividdd inro rvands acco<strong>il</strong>ing ro rh. tuiuft of (hc soit or fac<strong>il</strong>iies of<br />
iniSarion, and a fi€ld or lield in cach wnd, \'hich u$alty m dE whotc tc.grh oalhe blet,<br />
repEscncd uch shirc" tn Manv.r rfisit of sriru disrincr srsteh of trxtr r\, prcvn<strong>il</strong>ed<br />
Und.r t/'//, 'cs, sh.cs weE allocd to n,tr, wobrn dd chitd{. In rhe }IraE dhrict mc<br />
or<strong>il</strong>inal dntiburiotr of tribrl lrnd was known as ,i/ddr and rhe o*ner boins crtjod ,r,i a.<br />
Accodhs ro nibdl cusroms, sone ponimof t0nd w.s irways sel. pin tor dE Durpose<br />
of comnon Erazin8 or rr4,rialdr. Thc individudl lhoc of lhe rra n,iatat ws .dt tl InuL ,he<br />
r.'bar rand was carl.d Dald and ibe individtral h.viDs a .h!€ ii rhe dolar ws .^ t 4 tkJta.i_ A<br />
nin \ ho c€sql ro bc . /,lcl w?s Do tonsq cntrd?d ro b. . pj-htu .nd s J\ Jubb€d $ a frkr,<br />
wrhour hrving aDy voicc in v<strong>il</strong>lag. or rib.l councit. Ate v<strong>il</strong>hgc *3anrs, nrcnirls ind ,nies<br />
h.ld lind rcncfe in r.run for seeicd ro fic lnb. in pac. a.{t war Thure Neto ,ko t.,rsd}6<br />
sho wee d.pend.nt culiivarors occupying ,o,/as on tlr oul skinj of $e n?pn. Thesc nen<br />
held ltuds on condniotr thsr <strong>il</strong>Ey would asisr $e *rdl ro whon the land bekllscd in rcpe|ins<br />
raids oarival k ?/s Th. pdcarly ct6sss, Mlral,r and SrX& wcE alowed no shaE tn fie ribal<br />
flbi ro clain moE land 0un dEn<br />
fcuow tribsftn do. Howcvd siM ihcn sdic* e@ omideEd indisp.Nblc b de<br />
comunry, enc ponon of comon trnd call.d S.ri wcr.<br />
Trib€r cusrohs do nol albv rrd6 dd Malit , s.<br />
.llocations were als mdc ro impdtarl khan b .ngl. lhen<br />
asiCnoi ro then. Som. limc sucn<br />
19 m@t the exp.n*s, whioh dei
Fxiriotr *renr.d. u m dolbr Enecl.d the d.mcntically indiv<strong>il</strong>ulisr Mtue of rhc lalhtus.<br />
As li! idealcd l.nd va plEd.n @t.mong (h. mai! stions of lh. trih., suhs.qucndy rh.<br />
anoud of laboi, whioh th. d<strong>il</strong>lerenr slbsection ot dE tribo conEibut d ro the miintuncq<br />
inpiovcm. and qtension oath. cri$ing itrisatidn fac<strong>il</strong>itiG, de&mined fien sh,a in *ar..<br />
'nrc* pEclical rhrfts hd.ncd into rigrrts .har p6*d &on gend(ion lo Scneotionro.<br />
Throughour thc Iftr hala of $. .i €Dr[ cenhny @@nic sr.gnorid, wid. spEad<br />
pov.ity, sEd<strong>il</strong>t irftGing prcssr€ on land and giowina ihpovcishnenr oi ollictrtrurc cl.se!<br />
prevd<strong>il</strong>.d in SDbcontire . No sysGnalic cffons hav. ben ro
nd hm<strong>il</strong>NorlLng p€asantry, wos roglrddd by <strong>il</strong>s llrirish conqueoK as more vrlurble rhan lhc<br />
,iisuovLry of rh. .ich6r nrincs. lhn 1335 on .rl, rh. eo'my of Plnjlb beso ro b. Gh.pcd<br />
by !l'e unprcce?enren cxMsion in rhe alriculluol prcducrim bbughr rbour by on.l<br />
coloniation. ariish coDnn'crcd Cenhl Bri D$b Caml on th. Rrvi in 1359, Sindhai Comtby<br />
direision frcn Rrvi in 1336. lhe nsthcadqork consrrucEd in 1887, was MrFla Ban g. thar<br />
suppli.d lucr to lhs Upper Chcnab CrDL j! I8r0, Rech$ D@b (afta berween Rlvi and<br />
ch.mb) ..d t ve. cn reb wa, op.n€d on in I 3r. chaj Doab pDj6r (irigarins ar.a hcrwen<br />
ch.Mb lnd Jnelun) op.ncd t Nrr Jhelum Clml h l$t. Thc Triplc Caml lrcj*r w6<br />
sancrioned in I905 (irisarinS upFr pan ofchaj snd Rehm Do!b!) conriningoiUDperCh.@b<br />
Crml, Lowr Chenab CaDll rDd 0 Brrale or lho Rrvi to dived rtrc (irjsloflod ware, i,no fic<br />
new loqcr Bari Dub Canal)'.<br />
In rhc wesiem Punjab, lh. en rgence ofa hydEulic ujely combined wirh exrc,sivc<br />
iricarion sh.mes in thc nciAhbon.gpoviMofSindhhad tedto rhe.nablishm ofrheIndus<br />
Basin, ono of fte lagcsr idigation srslns in fie wo d. It conDoe
Th?re $ere folr €cgori.s ol c.Mk in thc fronti.r diskicrs untu rh. Punjib<br />
adninGt lion. rnE 66t dtegory, rhc priwL ciols" disrcd i. all lhc disLicts .xepr<br />
Peshowar. Thc* can!16 wcE de prcp.ny of ri€ p.oplc ind wcG mooged by llrc repEenblive!<br />
of rhe Sowmenl of t!. diy. No .el b b.yond a smll c* ro cov.r rhe exp€ner of<br />
eblishnr'r of Mrrari wrs levicd on lh s ddls. Tn trs of the aml 'arer joi.dy<br />
tumished fte labor fo! lhc coturnction olbbds (dam) md for litr claFncc whm warer usc6<br />
oi. v<strong>il</strong>ldgc fr<strong>il</strong>ed io fumirn irs quot oflab.Ers, rhc naDgert.viod,6neca|'.dna,to5t.<br />
TIE s.ond acgory of sok conpnsd oi $heduLd aMls of (h. pcsh.w dGtrid<br />
mrtug.d by De?uV Conmissionar under the P.shawar Cinrt rcgularion I8r5. Mrari cc$<br />
(r\)oryNorybx)wtrslcvjodonihe&c0trohako. tfiowahru$NoirhcsecanrtswereoDt<strong>il</strong>cdlo<br />
funish lrpsid labor for dlErirg .h. rmual s<strong>il</strong> cl.e@ and hlinicrc ot wacmllei,,<br />
The tnid c.r.gtry ofcamls vas ol tho* cordruccd wirh Dslict Soard lolhs The Miohni<br />
oael htcn off lron lhc bn bant of R<strong>il</strong>er K06ul neor Michni fon in l8t6 ond Shab Klddr<br />
Bnnch l .n ofi rron $c nishr Rrnt ol s$ar Rirr jn the P*i.s.r disrid was conslBccd in<br />
| 39S I hu aomer idlorcd l_600 rEls 'nd rlrc hflLr | ,300 acG csp€divcty!, A M@, Fc ss<br />
ro bcpaid by rhe usca olhorh rhcss on.ts<br />
Flnolly in the r'ounh.drlory wcru rhe mosl inrponad clMk ofrhe prcvime, rhe Sw!r.<br />
the lGbtrl lnd rbe Ban Riv!. qmk in the ttshawn disFic., or..d rnd mnas.d by the punjrb<br />
soEmmrnt Tne Brnish Aovenncnr ol Punjab conrdcLd rhc6c aaMls.<br />
xrbur River divid.s inro I bnnchus ancr cnrering p.sh.w.r \€llcy, River shanrbm,<br />
RtreJ \,surar cnd Rner si'.dery?b Alt rhe{ hree bmnche; rtu, rJ\cb 1d 20 r.,tes nrar<br />
t th Ri ver Swat and ionE River Lunda sh ich joiB R<strong>il</strong>er Indus at Arock 1.h. S*!t Rivq rhor<br />
e'te6 rh. P.$ier vall.y nt Abiaj, wh.E d. .t @ svar 6mt p6jat *rs st d.d in r 8?a,<br />
ro intelr. .n au ol 126,000 ices in (h.<br />
'od ad ofrh. peshlwa! vallcy.r. h luppties *.Er ro<br />
lhe fen<strong>il</strong>. Iandr ol ChiEAda and Mddan, The conlruction ot rno Swar Canal pos.d a fonid.ble<br />
pFbl.n for the gownncrt. nE Eib.sen ftom b.yond th. bordc! Eidcd rhc woir sjls .nd<br />
t<strong>il</strong>led numb.r of laboEu. CoG.qucnlty imed gu.rds v@ e6ptoy.d b pror.cr rhe *oitiDg<br />
pai,es lhus rl a considcrablc cosr. Thc wo.t ats sufc€d durj,s lhc second Ath.n \ir'ar ( 1878.<br />
30) Thcrciorc, rhe lot.l.oi @ched or Rs.3.4j n<strong>il</strong>tion The c.ml wlsctasifi.d as a.Cjnie<br />
rcliefpd€rive public sA' and w$ @nllded in 1885 tt prc!.d i srear succc$, 6 rd. lnd<br />
dcscneJ l,trxl wcft bolghr undcr cuhiv.rion. Ths ror.trEa ift<strong>il</strong>oLd by ltr crtrotwas 162,07l<br />
r.'-.r b.od"m.rion trr.,tio pronprrd L,) poh[.a. (o6d.rdno1 4
Ptonis. of sood !rcps. lt prolcd La€ ed th. t!ib.! d.rivine ccononic ben f<strong>il</strong>s fron canal<br />
.hanM rheir oniar hGble ,nitu& lnd be.d. otm.<br />
The K,6ul Rivd clnrt Prcjot sbncd in 1885 aDd !oo* fivc t!a,s i, comprcrion. Ttrc<br />
clnal was t.kcn out fim the rier bank of fic rsbul Riv.r at wanat and p@v.rj hishty<br />
rcmun.Etivc, Thc bl.l es iftiearcd by tne cr$l w$ 4s,7?l !cE3dJ.<br />
The Brn Riv.r Cdl w .t@dy $pplyj,8 w.h for ddn*jn8 rn
4.4 [adonlc dev.lopb.ur i! rhe provinc. durtq (r90r-4?)<br />
NWFP rook amy nally l/l4s of fi. PuDj.b,3 !o!al.rs and l/15,r of irc brlt @e.uc<br />
rld. $m. noa rh.D l/l8d of <strong>il</strong>s €nriE populrriond. Tnc noc strikinS foturc of fte<br />
adninjlFdtion ol lhc plovimc was its fiqu.nlhuds.r &ficit. ror dE fi6r d.crdc tn. Evenue<br />
and cxp€ndtuG of $c Provituc weE *holly ihp.rial.'Thc &lenuc or r]lc povbc. i.celsd<br />
stlod<strong>il</strong>, hul rhc cxpondito& ot lhe adminisEArion roo rosc iapidly as a 4sul ns bldg€t was<br />
always a deffcit on., DesDih int€nsive efioli3 midc to reduce rte ljeficir of rh. povioce, by<br />
b<strong>il</strong>sins into pEductivc sph.G tlE @siml llnd and hy i&ssin8 yirld. on .xisrins trnds<br />
ttuough inprov.d e.ds, inptctunll, fen<strong>il</strong>izc .nd .nli rut dqc.s. .nE src.dy iMEe in<br />
popularion !r r.ll a in p.r €pib lood c@n rion lnd p.rio
(l ) ABreb.s.d tnd.rrrig<br />
Thc as now consl<strong>il</strong>uling P6kisl& ws moslly agrarian.nd ws backwad induslirly<br />
and 0r. mw nrteiak borh agricuttural and hineBl wc pecesed €ls where in rhe<br />
subcontiMt or dpon d, *Mei of tlE Lrg.r p.nion of @t!on goq in Sind aod w6En<br />
hnj.b us.d ro so ro lhc conon m<strong>il</strong>k orAhn.d$ad, Bonbay and Caqnpor.. Ead pFjab, U.r<br />
and Bombrybayn<strong>il</strong>l! rum.d Ew w@l prcduoed in cot4 Esion of wesr punjob and NwFp <strong>il</strong>to<br />
6nisn d clotn. MincRl o<strong>il</strong> ud .nrjmony nincd in ln. hiuy r&x or chitslt in trwF? wcnt ro<br />
Bombay Io, alinrng':.<br />
l,\yFP lass.d bchind in iDdud.ies dd bu<strong>il</strong>dinS of som. thin indusrrial shclur. w.s<br />
staed in lar! 1930s Thc ind!s!.i!l .6rabti,hn nG .rccred N.ft ho.tly confi,ad !o dE sue4 !.d<br />
lobacco A Fbnder Slgrr Mi|l (Tr*hbri) M.da was .qr<br />
'nduslrics.<br />
w in 19j8, vnn dl<strong>il</strong>y<br />
cDshing cipaci9 880 n<strong>il</strong>lion ions of !ug:r and pEni.! Susff Miu (Mard.n) wcs .lbbtish.d i!<br />
1944 w<strong>il</strong>h da<strong>il</strong>y crulhing capaciry oi1800 m<strong>il</strong>tion loN ofsugar ciner. Tie Drcvincc poss$cd<br />
norc porcntial<strong>il</strong>iet for rhc
c iv{ion. TneEfoE, lrgdt nc.i of anp<strong>il</strong>ltior ot n.w Ecord or nehts in t.rd rnd a i..w<br />
ttstcn nt .f Rtuaj-e-abpasri wrs f.lt to keop ploe widr lh. spjd charsos i. asricuhlral<br />
cond<strong>il</strong>ions. No chansc wN made in $c method of o!*$mcnr in rhc rcvhcd scittcN in (ot t.<br />
q@6 a t B@u .xc.pr D@ l3s.<strong>il</strong> Kha[ wh.& b@u$ of <strong>il</strong>s p@nous idig.rion syslcm:<br />
lh. fluctulting se$ncrr sys.o ]!s dopledrl<br />
Theprinciplcsol!$dssm.nrtcmainedthcusuathalioithcnera$cc,*h<strong>il</strong>crheft rltio<br />
hld rhosn a sE:dy upwdd re tmy brcushr,bour by lacb6,uchs gbxlh ofpopllation, rh.<br />
inpov.n nt oa m.rkca .nd rjsinS pti@s. h lhao djslrict as , whol. dE Evcnuc dcnMJ<br />
incroscd 6y 67 p.rccnr, in Bmnu by 65 pere , i, Koh0r by 44 percan lnd in Dc6 hma<strong>il</strong><br />
Khrn by 1? percenr owr &e fiN rcBular &nt mml!. rE c.,ht soveme ws nor Dtas.d<br />
*irh thh dastic .nd su{b.n ircas iD Evduc d.m.nd. so ir !.!nEn rlicf ro u\c culliv.{o6 o,<br />
.j,e l@.1 r.te and of lanba..lari e$ in lhc prcvinc., k.epjng in vicw, den hard and srenuous<br />
oondition! ond lhet coBranr exposure lo Eids and .ndclc of rhc rraN-boder 3a4s of rcbbcd<br />
and dacorrs. The p..,pl. of Haaa ond B.Du *.G Elis.d Esparircty of 0E go.r h and rhc<br />
rti@ prlm bx inroduc.d rheE in ri! Evised srt.ndrr. Coni.qu.ndy fie rorat p.rccnbse, oi<br />
a$ignncn$ wee cverywhere lowcr in rhe prcvinc. rhan lhey ha
monsisc{t, of qhich Hindu morcylcndcts hcld 41.84? rcres or 4,{ pcaenfr. In Kohnr dislricr 5 1<br />
perccn! ol !h. culrivak! hnd nad b..n mon8lg.d ro rnd I perc.nt had been sold to<br />
moRy.eno.^ snc dE libr Fgul& s.nldcnr ln Hum d<strong>il</strong>ricr, rhc robl .'s modgJged ro<br />
th.m wls 4 pcrent wl<strong>il</strong>. I pa$nt of rhc blat a@ has hen sotd ro $cm sie. liEt relutrr<br />
fie p.opL in Haz6, Bmu and DeF kn.<strong>il</strong> Khd e.c in tavor ofthc ercnsion offic<br />
Pujlb Ijnd alicmtion Acr t90o b rh. Frc id whire in !cslbw,,.nd KoMt lhc Dlbric<br />
ophroDs wele ave6e ro .ny inlelfccnce with $cn fteedon of r.nsf.r D.anc tu chi.f<br />
Conmisiorcr ol NWFP dl.nd.d rh. plnjlb bDd Ali6.don Acr b $a tonq dtric6 or<br />
H.ad, Bantu $d Dem lrm.<strong>il</strong> Xl$ in Junc t9O4 .long vir! lhc foltowina rwo an.nddelts<br />
Inrrcad oa rhF. chss ol ag.icutun66, non{griculrlisb and ,rarurory asicuulr<strong>il</strong>ls as<br />
5t cifi.d in dE acMI Acr No cl?lg. .gdotrud.ts aitd @ugrjdton$ w.E Eco8ni4d for<br />
NWFP. Thus ohifting rlr class destnatcd in ih. Acl as s6tu.ry as,iculrurins. Th.sc r.nds<br />
orning [ud6 s.re resiidcd as rh. hain danSd ro ieriouliulisl cohnuniv. To b ng rhe<br />
@uplncy ien.nb within th. puoiew oa6. Acq lhc smc Euidid ws inpos.d on lh.ir ighr<br />
!o rcu or modg!8. land !s had ben imposed on $e .sricultunl tribcs. Also rlr rmended<br />
pEchption rcsul.rio. (1h. righr of a pcr$n lo c.quiE asricoltural t.nd was resrict d !o lhe<br />
m.nbcs of cgricllrunl Libc) wrs aDplicd ro the povinc in 1906. Thc Esulsrion wrs inEnd.d<br />
to bs conplenenr!ry for the Lrnd Aticnorion Actrr, Lnre! on. in t921.22 the L.nd Ationarion<br />
acr wrs exrcndcd b Koh.r ind leshawar disFicr wh.n cov.mmcnr found l@al !.ool. ot dEc<br />
disdcrs in favor oa rlle Acr.<br />
The right ro buy and scll land fi*ly mons rhc asticulturjsr did not impbve aarioulluml<br />
cfrci.rcy as rhc LdloMc6 w.re deagcd in i@ins tzld undcr ti.ir 6ndol. Thc 'gruaon<br />
of suspension .nd cni$ion of Ebuc ot Maeh t9O5 was dr.d in $c provin e i, S.ptenbei<br />
1907 thd provid.d lor ereate! elasiciry i! sovff.nl revenuq derond !r rime of orcp ta<strong>il</strong>ure.<br />
Thc r.elurion poinred No types of riMtioN on ocasion ot whjch lrd !!h!. na! b.<br />
su{cnded or Emin€d, (i) in locrl calaoi ries i.su ltins iomhr<strong>il</strong>sroms, floods and locuslrnd (ii)<br />
widcsprcad calamitics sucb as droughr rnd fidine rnd gereral fa<strong>il</strong>uE oa crcpsr,.<br />
ntoleh ano'hd rdoluliof, pssd in May 1906, ir wns srssed lh( dgricrtuDl lan,j<br />
impb!.henis rtfeclcd by privare individu<strong>il</strong> should be exenrt.d iron lhc dse in hnd rcvcnue<br />
in th. Fm ior plovince thcse exenprion rules scE rhouShr sDffici€nrty libeBt ro Drcvjde<br />
''3bn8 srinulus lo! El.mtio! ol lind by privaE inidaliv.s6. Th. 3rinurls povid.d by lh.<br />
olcs was se.n in $c Eolamalion of 2?,000 acrcs of wast land in lbe Kohrr disLior iD jusl nvo<br />
y.rc .d sim<strong>il</strong>arly @rdnatiotr h6 b..n dore in lhc H@E di.rict 6 *cllr7.
(ii) L! ndlorde tenr nts' dbF uts ond lrnd rcnlrc rcrorm3<br />
In aeru<strong>il</strong>n societi.s. lan
T1& di8putcs betwa landlo.d Md etunl3 .ruprcd md inrlnri,i.d time md rsai. ond ted<br />
lo Mu niabadrt (Pesh.wd) and Ohdladhelo (Ma dan) c lasb.s in I er 7 -3 B. rhe tenants d.nMnded<br />
ban otr <strong>il</strong>losul llxcs l.vicd by Ihc Nuva/Jj .ncn $ mutho tjx\t . thurt,l'r rtrd /o,!u, Mofroecr<br />
rh.y d.nlndcd ban on draar, itt.gal .vicdon oa cMnts, <strong>il</strong>l.8rl fircs a rhcn physimr<br />
hateft.t. (,3& conf.rcncB qcE lEtd on ditf.tul ptacs in rh. povi&e u(Lr tlE lc.&shiD<br />
orAbdul Rahin Populai.In l)18, rwD Kisan conf.rcnccs *eE hctd in HlaF rn dcNanded<br />
in end io thc D€0 and dDydb,l.<br />
ror p.rchins up, rho dbpucs b*en brdlord .d leMnr,, D6!o! Khan Sahib, Chisf<br />
M'ni*r of NWFP pur a brn on i cSltb6 Lvi.d by dE rd;br.In M,rh 1918, rh. Z,dal<br />
ind l'odr, sysbn w .bolbhed $ 0El ro cufi<strong>il</strong> dE pnv<strong>il</strong>.gcs of $c nobbl6. Agai. a b<strong>il</strong>l<br />
recomncnding the fod€iruio of rhc]<strong>il</strong>zas and i,afu was 2as.d. Accoding !o officicl dinare,<br />
lne .gricultunl idde6t dn.$ ot rurat popubrjon ot Nr$/Fp wB 6bou 90 mnro/J, So ft.<br />
Agriculturirt 3 D.bloE Reli.f B<strong>il</strong>l E pos.d jn Norcmb.. t gl8 ro provide imn di.r rclicf ro<br />
lhc smllsr pdents. rdssDb r.d snllr zatu Ad.r wre facin8 rhc hish hadcnn.$ of rhe<br />
niddlemcD who weE nosrly ,rorrlir^. Thcy doninar
(iii) Irrlgadon dclclopDrcnt<br />
In Punjab fie Upp.r Cnooh Canal $e bwcr Ban Do.b C.Mr lnd rhc Upplr Jhclun<br />
Ca@l on Rivq Jhelum w.rc conslrucrcd in 1912, t9ll .trd I j espsclivcty. Sinr<strong>il</strong>lrly thc<br />
l ple caml srstem was develolEd which linked lh..thclub wirh Chenab and Ravi, in rhe period<br />
1907 to 1915. bb on Sulemnli H*d w6i5 an wirh rhc impleoeur.tion ofqhich rh€ itrisation developmc in<br />
thc Povinc..ntered inro a rew ph.ic, Thc cono<strong>il</strong>lion slE$.t on the pot nriat pmr*rjve and<br />
@mdir vnluc or 0E coslruction of lhe Har Khai bleh or rhc K.brl tuF C'MI in<br />
lhc PeslEwa! disrricl dd lhc Prhaaur canal in dc Dera lsna<strong>il</strong> Knan distiic!. The Comnhsion<br />
alb @oomm.ndcd the improveacnr.nd dcvelopndr otpnvstc iFigtion wo&<br />
Th. 6ct srcp tat.n w.t lo improw dc ninor can.b aDd io b,i.g rh.n undcr clo& supcnisio!<br />
or gowm. n t. ne ro&l itri8lt€d a rea undd pdvat. cinds in dc iour dislric c o f Kohal, Hcan,<br />
D. l. (han lnd Bamu ws 432,OOO acrcsrm. rn t9O7 rhc pu.job nro! ccndt Act llr of r9o5<br />
srs qratd.d ro rhe Fm i.! Fovirc..<br />
'nr Dlno sylrch of irigarion in lhe Dcla ttu<strong>il</strong> (hh,wh.ft, lgriculture dcpcnded<br />
nainly on h<strong>il</strong>l toft.nrs (iod.Loho uling the *rter le.Uel by m.lt d sno* or h.ary 6ift in rhe<br />
h<strong>il</strong>ls. unr<strong>il</strong> r9ol, th. gorctr],Mr h.d nk n no ir@t in itc Dzrun iEjgatid. rn I9o5<br />
O Dwy€r sussest.d dE imprcven€ntofDa@n irigarion. rnprov.nent ws cls bbusl inthe
itris.lion lyscn offt. Arou disrtict, wh@ lh. pri.cipat dns ofirisalion *cc rhc Kumnr<br />
and lohra clnal tuR Glincy, thc S.nl.henr otfrcs otBam! poinrd oul rhc d.tcqrive wolt<strong>il</strong>s<br />
orrhe Kunam cr@h,In Sept€mbcr 1t07, D€n sked tor Llje jnpovemenl of idigarion works<br />
D.i.c (Conmb.ioner) did nor lind nucn oppodunity tor lhe jnpbv.6.,t ot minor<br />
cauls in th. otie! dkh.icts i... H@8, Kohal and peshrwar, The h<strong>il</strong>l sreams in oEs rhEe<br />
distri.ll were sno* i.d .tut p€'mial. tn H@ and yohar, tlEy wcr. tuUy ut<strong>il</strong>ianl by , sysren<br />
of dislriblbies coGrtocrcd lnd nrinl.iEd b, lhc pcople rhcnr*lves. Ir lcstmw0, lltr n<strong>il</strong>l<br />
steonE wcN divened irro governnr.nr ond piiv!€ snalr. tn lddnion ro inrproving utrd<br />
.xiending pivare idglioD work. rh. pEvirci.t dubondes paid h*d to $. co.slrldion of $0tc<br />
inigarion poj@b litc 0E ranarpur inurdation csl, dE Hrar Kh.wnni b6.ch oa rhc K.b!l<br />
River c.n.l ard the Upper Swar caml.<br />
ftc scheme fo! rhe Pat@?ur inDndation qmt w6 fid m6red in tgOO by t]. w. c...<br />
the Dcpuly coonissiorc. of Dea lsmait Khm, lvnh tne objer io uritirc rh. hdus warer ror<br />
ihedion ol $os patu ot rhc oubcE h{ {ff.Ed moj m rhc do-Bnk. For rom.hme r\c<br />
Punj sb sovchment took no aclion for wanr ot tund, Thc r.!ct ro be injs.ted lay on iJE wesrem<br />
side oitb.Indus md.xrcndcd fbn B<strong>il</strong>ot ro DeE l3ma<strong>il</strong> Khan CMronncnr. tn r90s. i Evi$d<br />
Atnatc pur rhe iotrl co atRr.9,88,282. Thc robtl€ngrh oi$c c!n,t jrcludins Hafiabld<br />
dnbibluries measuEd 57 nites Thc canal was comDlel.d in Mrrch r9to. The new cdrrl<br />
coonandcd an aEa of aboul 10,000 acEs of gowhn wasct.rd. Th. sov.nnenr reEnrded<br />
rhc cxp€r.d in@nc 1106 rhis tut as onc of6c m.in sss of rtjc €ut. Thc p.harpur cin<strong>il</strong><br />
did rct pove renuncr iv.. h l9l9-20lhe !or!t lcr injs0tcd w$ measuEd to bc ontv 20.670<br />
acEs whc&as lhc culrivdle a€a hld origimuy b*n cstimled.r 6!,4t0 a@s Thc toral cv.nu.<br />
SrmDld lion thc crml in l9l9-20 6 onq R5.t4, 193 s agairsl worki.g expensas<br />
lmounting b Rs91, 609 i. rhe $n va/@.<br />
The *cond ltate prcject was $e Haar Kjani bnnc<strong>il</strong>ot rhe Kabul River cand t.hc<br />
Punjab sovem€nt in 1395 realiad $c n.d for irs .xFnsioD brt de ro l.ct of tund. it3<br />
coDtuclion sas dcbycd r<strong>il</strong>l t902. Th. cxtcnsion wo,k oi rhc oMl vas coDplcr.d in 1906-0?<br />
and as a rcsuu Knbtrl Rirer crtutitrigarion capacity !0ised fro6 31,668 ocrcs to 45,773 acrcs Ar<br />
lhcen.lme rhe rohlicvenue assmod of rhe c!n.t ose fom R!.126. S?2 !o tu l4l_ 477rd.<br />
Fittlly iI. boldei ifti!.lion sched. ofde Sov.on.rt *as lIE Upp.i S*ar can.l The w{d of<br />
sqrt Rivc! is lb. lun of h{o soalt ivcN, *hioh rnci passing lhrcugh Swat and Boj,r vducy<br />
6edl5 at Tan8a in MaLkand AseDcy. I! Upp.r Swrr Cm<strong>il</strong> w.! talen al Anandara in Swar<br />
vall.t with lhc lohl comnri.d a@ of 4j8,895 &c ot which 3,82.000 lcs wd ro b.
percnnially iBigaled in the Peshowd difticlo', Thc consrucrion oi the clndl s<strong>il</strong>ned in J r<br />
1907. Th. bcblvior of <strong>il</strong>E lrib.smc, low:rds tho coGrocrion of crdl ws nol as ftendty .s<br />
*s b€in8 dpercd In vi?w olth. potiti@l dimcuti.!, sonc chans.s *cE madc in rh. origirrl<br />
plan of lh. clnrl. The ..w lowlcrcl aligm.nr *.r add.n 16 d& csn.t Dt shotuned irs mlin<br />
chann.l by abour.4.5 n<strong>il</strong>6 *h<strong>il</strong>c involved $c consrdclion oian ll,2l4 iecr lons nhnet kN*n<br />
as Benbr ru!rclror. In Msy t9t 5, a tasr rcvied;nimore was mlde, which sel rhe bbl cosr rt<br />
Rs.20.2 nr<strong>il</strong>lionnnd 6. EKnuc rclum { onty 6.J pcrccm of the opirll ourhyre. fnmuialr lrN<br />
caml povcd ! fi<strong>il</strong>uE.In l9l9-20, dE cut w.G,!d lt8,l94 !cs, ftdc tcs tl,an h.tf oa lic<br />
orisiMl ..tin!re, Th. go$ rcr.nu. al€ed fFm vad EE amount i b R..5,16,125 *h.E!s<br />
lhc workint exp€M old. onal for rhe ssn t..r cane !o Rs.5,24,26510?. The rclariv.<br />
urprcductivc mture or tho oanal w6 pardy.nribured b so@ pol<strong>il</strong>icat causes, tD seprcoh.r<br />
1915,. pcflnan.nr rcoission of caml warq Er.s on on dElsnd accs of land in rhc tibrl<br />
teribry was sDd.d lo rib6rcn, !s a m,rk of ,ppeiarion ror rlEi cooD.Erion in rE<br />
oonseucrion of de ca.rl, This involve
'n. ycd 1943, wi[lessd . fsine thot in<strong>il</strong>icted a sv.d &l bact lo food pnductiotr.<br />
coupl.d eith tlD BnGh iNolErcnr in d. world wd s4onl. such a rito ion Dot only<br />
.ccentuared $e reed lori bul rko hcltsd sov.nm.nl lo iocus.ulnrion on ov$ dt Efonrs in<br />
.8iicultule, The sovenmcnt msde morc libeol allocltioo of funds lor 0 hBe nunhor of<br />
.gioullural drwlop@nt pojeG lndd r[c ibFhB of.sow noc rood dnp.ign ot t94]. rt<br />
bioushr soh. .xcEion in I$IIFP iFis.lion systcd. Five i s.lion schen.., chicf oi which h<br />
tne New Michli Brech of rhe D@b c.nal, hiv. b..n codplcrcd .t lh. cost of Rs 2, 83,675,<br />
which boughr .n aE. of $out iw rhousnd rcB lnder eniv.rionrri. An-olh.r lb. Iui Sh.ith<br />
lirl<strong>il</strong>r *h.m. inpov.! thc itrisqiion ottsen!, 6ou!!td aci.r of fcdite tand, Hatf or rhc cost<br />
orthirs.n m *isbon.bydec.nhtsovhn.nl fhe trid;nincorrhe B.nThneL drhe<br />
hed or Bah CMl. .nd Gnod.linB |hc Tatrlare.! disEiblNy or rhe panlDur enal wcE<br />
o$er No ehlEcs conpl.bd succortully. Th. ncl qA CoEldclion oarhc Rishr Bank lin<br />
inie.tion schcm. or Kaliul Rircr Canal drat bouslt abour lt,()OO scrcs or land und.r<br />
ln spik olrhis fairly progEsivc dcv.topmcnt oi iBiaarion in rhe r,ovircc, rh.E vas sl$<br />
oorsidcr$lc undelur<strong>il</strong>iation of a$esd porenthliries. The provinc<strong>il</strong>l govemh.m hsd doN<br />
much bd nnrDce wos a &.ar handicap. h was rh. duty of 6e enrral govammcm ro comc ou<br />
w'dr a gcrcrou6 h.lp. L<strong>il</strong>gc qurnrity of ware(, vhich could haw b€cn uscd ior grcqing c.ops,<br />
wct. bken aray by the Dr<strong>il</strong>itary authodies for rh€ u& ot loops ond tor lhe lasns ud saidcDs in<br />
fi. cdronm€nts slneed over lh. provin€. For iFr'nc. a coNid.Fble qlanriry ofBam war.!<br />
w6 blcn r*ry fton thrr riEr for P4h'wd C! onmnr. sli<strong>il</strong>c \,e ftrch$ or f.n,le hnd<br />
ouside and up to rhe Afridi foolh<strong>il</strong>h hrv. io do vnh whar liftto war lefi overirs.<br />
AlthouSh extcnsion in inigorion brcughr coGidchbt. benetirs ro 0E !rca no*<br />
corsiruti',B Prkisbn, rhcy also gaw rie ro bu<strong>il</strong>d ineorcmto di$lririss. Du€ ro tr,cocrbrunrs<br />
difieEn .l incias in produc.irity ot idsaGd .r6s over lhr non,idis0i.d Fsjons inrcr<br />
provincial snd ink-regionol dGparity .6.ryedrLo. At ine our er of Bndsh rulc, rhe basic cause<br />
for rhe difcrcntial poducrion io didaEnr povirc.s w drc ro varicd inveihcnr in irigarion in<br />
difleEnt p.r!, of wst Pckistn. 18 m<strong>il</strong>lion acFs a@ Nas tud. i sar.d in w.st pskirdn<br />
during colonial tule, Tho iFisated dca incElsed rboul fourfotd fron 1890 to 1947. As ak..dv<br />
hc iorcd in NWFP 28 prrcdr (0.74 n<strong>il</strong>ion) our ot (2 64 h<strong>il</strong>Uon) loLt culrivard tard wG<br />
iFigarcd { thc line of fomatior of NWFP. Al &a time ot ind.p.ndencc blrl cllt<strong>il</strong>at€d ana iD<br />
NwrP 'nc'.r6eJ b:.92 m'll'on r.as our oI{h(h I o. d'ttro; d(ft,1r !) *s itris"kd. Itr<br />
wa rc rcF.rk.blc chnn8. i. <strong>il</strong>r€ idsar.d afu Abolt oE fdnn of de lotal a@ of P!nj$ w.s<br />
under culriv.lio4 an,j of this, one sixd! was rcgutliy iriS.rcdrrr. ltc v.st irisated land<br />
63
@urcca h . proroDnd inpact on d'c cconon, lhd s*iery in lunjrb. In.lunjab obtiinu'l i's<br />
dos pDm<strong>il</strong>ing dqclopmcnl. Sib<strong>il</strong>rrly Sind, which wrs ded in lhc 1390s, h.d 5 n<strong>il</strong>lion acrs<br />
iftie ed lond al lhe rih. oi iadcponden€Lrr blt rhe iftisarion pejeols jn dD fonticr 'l<strong>il</strong>rricb<br />
weE conpaEtively flr lcs @spicuous. Ittrc w.E plcnry of ld<strong>il</strong>e landr auihble in fi.<br />
povirc, which had .or ycl be€n boughl under rh. plolgh duc !o $arcity of w.lcr Tholsnds<br />
and $ou$nds acres strelohes of fen<strong>il</strong>! lands in D.ia knl<strong>il</strong> Knrn, Bannu ond Kohd coutd be<br />
tlned into coh and liu<strong>il</strong> grcwing .rca if wak w6 !v!it bte.<br />
Thc faming n&dodalo9/ of |IWFP wdr debmined hy locrt soit condirions Spccific<br />
fming tcahriqu.s, ciop selection rnd yields En dc
cusht from Pue, Sinla, Qucti!, s.hltbDur ind rjhos fo. p6hrwar, H!e, Brnnu .nd<br />
'Ir'c cst3hl<strong>il</strong>hn rt of rhc AgricultuEl Dcp.mnent in l9!, howcvcr, wns 0 si!<br />
lmdrEk in ft asricultual
nd Chlrodd. b.s!n ro t l@ inrcst in ftu<strong>il</strong>l so*iDs on conncrciot $!lc and aruir orchard<br />
wdc l.id on sddl scal. iDd nun dcveloping culhe Uounshcd in NWFP.<br />
Under rhe str6 ol tla World wd I l, an ht r mtd ol rte c.md ttoiE w0s t lt for rhc<br />
Bntish forces, busy in fighlin8 in faFnunB rftls. So I numbe! of frun drrins shtions wcrc<br />
.sdblishcd Th. sovemoclr of Ldia porid.d o.6s m<strong>il</strong>rion tor seninS up of fDn ming racrory<br />
rt Nasnabad ncar Tamab hm, whioh nol o y cnsule supply of rinned fdns but lls D.dc<br />
ccnam ava ib<strong>il</strong>ity of v.gcbbl6, Ml a.d nat Fod!* ro rL. oy.t fte* Cord stdase for<br />
ftuib w.s esrlblkhcd in lt44r1r. Tnc p6hovn vllley in NWFP sovc ! lod ro oorqprov<strong>il</strong>oos<br />
when tu sLsd .anc Rcsc0rch scclioD rh.n t@at i !r Tamb fam gor ! 25 ll.p FcrBu$n u0uror<br />
(b) Lq.vt lo.!. lnd cooDerltiv.s credh<br />
ccnhl govenncnl inlmduced two neasurs for agiculluml delctopnentr ltd $c<br />
gmnk or nore libeol sirt. N<strong>il</strong>rincc ro ryo,r in rhe fom of rd.raer loMs md $cond rtN<br />
rrcvition oacrcdir foc<strong>il</strong>iri.s ror t<strong>il</strong>lcN.hrolsh c@ponlive crcd'r sdiclies es|lblishcd by.n er<br />
o I I 904 Under thc li Gt nelsuE lonBrem bans w.re povid.d ror lutbin0blc d.ve topfrenr o I<br />
!8rjcnltorc such s t[c lirlins oi welk, constsuclion of&ss ind .nb!.king and exc.varion oi<br />
n.w l8nks and ch.mcls. The sond hersure prcrided shon-|.m loi.s tor cur€ cgiicultuhl<br />
nc.& such 6 lhc puahrlc of scds, c.nt., maNr. and impleFcnrs. In rhc Frcmi{ pdv<strong>il</strong>oe<br />
s.oL and gBdual rnccas rook place in rhc dmounr ol.Sfl(ulNEl or 7aq,ri ldb advdn(ed bJ<br />
rhe govdmed.In l90l-02ltc torN mountcd b ps.t,42,844 thar i'cEascd lo RS. t, ?6,655<br />
in l9l0'll and fultnq inctqsed io R!.251,487 in l9l9-20. ftc ldqdvj loi6 povided by<br />
covcmcnr Eachcd Rs.'7, 5l,oOO oc! Mum h 1q?r6.<br />
The coop.mtiv€ hoven nt in the Fonli.r hsd a v..y slow b.simins. In 1904, rhe t{!l<br />
goMm€nt sr.tud a few ctuFnrivc si.ri6 on dEnmcnrnt b.sis. Two such sei.ries werc<br />
4lablish.d i. Dcra lsm<strong>il</strong> Khan, In 190743 lhen ionl ndbcBhip d<strong>il</strong>ed b only 93 with a !ot.l<br />
*o*jr8 €piral ot Ri860. I( rooL evcml yaE b€foE rh c@p.hij!. noEncnr got I<br />
subshrlial footing in the F onlie! Fovincc.<br />
In 1925, tllc Fontid Poainc. *B 6sl ima irlly dposd b tlE o{pchiive movem.nr<br />
(alihough thc Act wa! applioqbl. in ltl2), rnrc cogpcdtive novement and coopemliv.<br />
d?pttEnt funcrioncd u.dcr tnc cFD.nsvc sicli.s AcL 1912. ln l9lo, rh. numbq of<br />
s€ietics nld inoEAs.d lo 106, thc numbor of nembers to 5,825 .nd fie mount of c.pibl ro<br />
n@ly 9, OO,0OOrr'. Th. coopeBlivo dep.tud dD.nii.d is cffft fbm 1930 onud but lird.<br />
pros€$ was nad. due lo volunia.r/ charactcr oflhc psEsn ad l6ck ofadequab ioined sllfi
At the liDa of ind.p.Ddecc in | 947, NWFP h.d l, t t 9 wi.d6 with n.nheshj, of 36.779 .nd<br />
! woi.in! ..pihl of&,5.? I m<strong>il</strong>ionur.<br />
(v) cuulvrted rr.. rd eopt producdon<br />
thc robl aEr undq mljor &d minorcDp! w.s 2.34 niuiooacrs outof which r. 25.000<br />
.cft. ea was ud.r mod cbpq 2.1 m<strong>il</strong>lid acrcs ag w., udcr food g6in !(t l, I I,OOO<br />
tcs &. ws un&r 6n cop!'t. lr robmco w m;or ccl c6r, TtE lhrF of lob.cco<br />
icftato wB l0 p.rc.nl of oalh cops in 1945-46. Th. comm.rcial growins ofvitinia lobacco<br />
w tr61 sr.rftd inl948. Thc sSrr *s rlE s@nt ash cop. Undr l9!9, 80 F@nr $g.. *r!<br />
dcvoled |o O,r psduclion<strong>il</strong>o, tn p.shrwir !(t Mord.n 6]000 acEs of tud tr8 uo{tcr $gm<br />
ods c@p. Ihe suga! cdtu gbwn @ of aelt. qulir. But@r dnM crushing mitk qlcd<br />
C,,,,8 crushed moir of rhE susoEn.. L t946, tha comoodr;B ii shich lh. Drclirce qr! in<br />
suipru. wcre au! iob&6, dd.d iiuiis, nri&, b.jB, puk.s crc. Tn cxDoriabl. su6lE of lh.<br />
pbrrcc d 9,4 lob!6 and dri.d aruib w 62647,32?3,6t7a8 b6 !nn!. y,rr. Th.<br />
.xpoiablc aurplus in naia, b0jm, pulso4 cto. Nos 4053 ron., Exponabtc sulplus in w@1, hid.s<br />
.nd stift wcre 7t9, 3800, I 14? ioN sFctiEly.lrl Agricuttuht deetopmenr in NWFp dlrirg<br />
l9<strong>il</strong>7-50 .nd l960-70 !rc di$us.d i! d.r<strong>il</strong> in th. n.xt chaptq,
I Mud H$r ted \ lsrcuhv c..sEpi,. ( N& eh.. ^nnor Fbrio;E py, L,d r,r4,. , 4<br />
,srrsio{o\..shd||rDh.n.'i! K,srrnsnn!.rrrrooh,,tu,c, Lcnn\<br />
t ,ry, ol quro,,<br />
Iti|rud lbrhrtshbirerelDD9.r0<br />
3 v.d8r! rdqet rcLaior boot, or Hiidr Aih {dr, ysj( rcd\ sm. h<br />
4 C- a M,mn , 1s,@h\4t pnu.N rJ /d,., (^rL!cd x$b kbr, reo6} e 116<br />
:^K 6did' ft| 4g4w HBb4 o!<br />
1 D c o!tn., rr. EwLtd' 4 Nqr w& F.dE proyr., (pd,*, sud Bo<br />
re17),a 25<br />
26 Celrnd.r h,!.r, c@'e qt tr.<br />
3dPodst, reTi P16<br />
rbh'! srns{,Me rubLsnffi, roertp ro<br />
,.4r x4 /rrl. /r/e. ( rrlDd N.l<br />
o/, ( btsrc: Mrimr<br />
39s}tdw4nAIish.|i'!,,a!ti'}/d ndlDi/P(4ree9t Pr G7<br />
4 srd Nrvr! Hydd Nrqll, bmood H'sn xi.D xd M. chrfn: cxrudry,<br />
P,r&br ! /3.1d/eq (Lbnredl ptDE,r9aI e.lo
,.r fb'nr rr,!ir. (Lqdd, cuus prcs, 43 c.ti^ Da\id, fl, 1"od.u at No/^<br />
rrt, p 55<br />
5t aoEn lcd ot nda, R'P4atr,. t<br />
lr"i$;s]"*''^s**jD.*|oPn![nb!Pqlh('3.c.|,.?,mE<br />
rl M.^ c$rdllq xd M.v ,r E6,*t 1d/, otLN ad J,eL4 o! n44n6 |<br />
ory. d?<br />
fl lhnrhrd PtDqrearJ,'p ( ^dnr 12!l<br />
zrrhrn H* b. &o^r, shi nd M<br />
IT'-"'"-'""'- **""*<br />
s6tnn^\,n P!\job \rd! 'nB\,<br />
66<br />
(Ddhiio:fodrJmwflirypcs,t9!9),p 4<br />
^&\tadwn. 6atd ard Gw aJ th. K,!b Pubhh.s, r e.t, pp. 1r.60<br />
7t r84 w sFi.fh. pdtpr ha.c.. kt 4 ((.i&hii hdo plbrnnios re6r, p.2 t6<br />
.{d$nl@d^udD.v.]qq|)<br />
zajM.opoL. P6?<br />
u fh. tEF4d aw@. ot tdn tPn<br />
Gbradiq (M:,n i) N:wrb 6n.d cda<br />
9lTa.o|lddfueeFdD!lh.gE*of$.Nr*!h<br />
d r nn Dois rhc p.eiG yho d!..d o
h.trmn{.gtDly<br />
et v(f ^l'md md R:rid ^nn4 7r. u6.s*t olpotth, a^6t te17-31,
Chaptet 5<br />
Agrlcultural Development In NWFP during (1960 '70)<br />
Genmlly @onomy of a counry depcnds lpon lhe health of conhodnv prcducing sa$6<br />
thar m clsified inlo prinry $cloB (Asricultrc dd Mining) md s*ondary sector<br />
(ndufaduring bolh ldge dd snall). Mosl of the undet dcveloped coutris Senenuv dcnve<br />
UEir i.come nom agnculNrc a{1or ed indudtial sdtor Plays very lirtle rol. Al lbe in<strong>il</strong>ial<br />
iage ofpD8r6s lhc she of4riculurc selor in lhe nadonal income d*lin.s ed lhe she<br />
of indusrrial ssto. increase. This is alro tru€ in case ofPakisld. Belore Independencc.lhe<br />
@ lhar nov @tulnute Ptkislm, pdiculely rh. Pmvinc€ of Puni.b ws @nsidei€d a<br />
granary oflhe Subcontnnl sd $ded s a brqdbast€t lof the *hole r€8ion Paniton len<br />
Pakistan stong a8ncultMlly wb<strong>il</strong>e India indctnally If, lhe i.nial vem<br />
an€r indep€.d€nc€<br />
exrrme backsadnGq low labor poductvny &d lov saving cnaractcnzed lne economt oa<br />
Patislm. The lndNrrial seclor w6 ldy seal $d *6 limited to a fcw iute dd conon m<strong>il</strong>ls<br />
ad co tibutids of mduf&luiihg s4lor w6 .ol noE thd 6 peEent ro $c Gross N.tional<br />
5.1 E.oromic d€r.lopb.ll itr P.[nr.! du.i!8195{r<br />
Dunng I95Os, policy mates in Pakisld lollowed the U shaped htlothe$s or econon'c<br />
d€velopm.nl, &cording ro which lh. relative in.ome in'cqualirv incrca6 subsl&liallv in lhe<br />
edly s$8cs of delelopn.nr, {<strong>il</strong>h a rdl of thn lchdocv io lhe lde! sager' The<br />
govemmenl concdrded on gonotio. of econonic glowih. wnn i delib€rate disregrd for<br />
Agncullu!. w$ lnc backbon of econonv of P.ldsle 6d ir r€miined the nosl<br />
donimt eivny in ody wats. Cofitibution of agr'cultuc ro the C D P wa 5l 19 t'rcenl<br />
wh<strong>il</strong>e lhat of wic€s md indutries ws 38.84 and 7.?5 p€rcenl rcsp€clivelv in 19'19-504 lt<br />
pmvided a livelinood lo 80 p.rcal of lhe comlry's t6cl popularion wh<strong>il</strong>e moE lhe half of<br />
the counlry popul ion livin8 in rural atas *6 engaged in faminS, lirestock and othcr sub<br />
slos of .giculurc. Ovd 68 perc€nl of $c l.tbr fot . wo*ed dirftllv in agricllturer'<br />
Dunng lgtos, Policy nttcE in ?akis!.n rboughr lhal th. p'th to 6Pid eononic stowlh lav<br />
in sgid indstrializ.tion Thc anv€6c efTsG of sqnezing agiicultu'e hrd were iSnored a<br />
pFisrenl poveny in runl dc6 cm nol be clrcd wirbout .gricnnud dcveloPoe'r' Moreovci<br />
1l
agriculhml pbduclion could no loneBr keep up with the ind*e id population. Thftibre'<br />
Pali$an bad to inpon one m<strong>il</strong>lion ron of food srain pd vcd dn ing l95ost<br />
The windfall goins, thi.h m€xp€ctedly behetucd Paliistan, wre d!€ to lhe bood In<br />
world Mnodity priccs Guline toh th€ Kora Wd. Paiisld tr.d floush roEign<br />
excb&se from expon of hw nacli.l like jule ed coltoi dd gol sornc relief from lhc<br />
uradcy of eonomic Pr€surc berling the 6onony.<br />
Pubtic Pice Policy in l95os lollow€d lh. devclopmenl 3lta|eg, ofthal inc which soughl to<br />
chsnel Esourccs awoy fron lh€ m$sive agricullural pgpulalion to th. urbM indusridl<br />
.ntctde6. Covffi€dt kcpt lh. FicB of mduftlurot goods abovc de wotld lelcl<br />
drcu8b inpon contrcl md thal ofagliclliute poducls belos lh. world lerel drougl lhc<br />
compulsry p6N€h.it of najor aSticultutal cops Mo@vtr dom6tic td6 dd expons<br />
dulies on agricultural contoodities nade lh€ inlcr_secloral r€ms 6f tndc unf'vomble ror<br />
a8ncultlE. Th€lemof mdeopmlcdagai.sr.8d@lturcdd in favoroaindutrv' Mahbub_<br />
ulHrq cnticiz.d Paldsldi policy mat.rs lor fi.n indifcreol atlitude bwards aericullnre in<br />
th. following words '"Thc food grain pric* wft held doM throuEh conlols lhus<br />
subsidizing ihc cos ol living or lhe urbb industrial torlcs Thc forci8n exchange edred<br />
prim&ly b, th€ asncuhml @br nas b€n lic€nsed nainlv lo lh' indusfi'l *cror, gvrng<br />
tnc hit r. Rindfall gain ed o implicii irosfcr ofincome ftoi ag.iculludl sdlor' All th€sc<br />
policie mount€d to s @nc6l.d ld on agricllture dd a aon€olcd subsidv foi industrv $<br />
lhc worting of thee @ mk made aericultudl iivslnot an infenor alcnatire tlr rne<br />
privar. sdoi s<br />
(2)lldurrl.ldedopmerl<br />
In PaLisld ihe in<strong>il</strong>Gtrial selor ws v.ry weak dd lim<strong>il</strong>cd io fer jule md conon o<strong>il</strong>ls dd<br />
ns codributiod s bave n.nlio.ed al!.ady, weE not more $an 6 p@enl lo Crcss Nttio'al<br />
Prcducts (CM). Th. IndNrial seclor reeiv.d due atl..lion durin8 the d4ade ol1950s<br />
covclmqt oa Patislan ssiSlcd lhe tasl( oa indlstrialialion lo Ptt<strong>il</strong>b lndusmal<br />
Dev€lopnenr Corporation {PIDC) &d pnvare sdlor h rhis scror tne !alu' added incEdcd<br />
fbm &.1 .1 b<strong>il</strong>lion in l95O lo Rs 7 bjllion in lg?oe lndNi.li2alon of the ndoPol'ld<br />
de6 of Sind ed Punjab hc t ken pl&c dunnS l95Os. Ka6chi ws ihe capital and rbe onlv<br />
seaporl md Lanorc b6de th. c.pit l ofwd Palislan in 1955' Th6e corc6 cnjor€d bigh<br />
12
ldek efietiv. denand, pret@tion fiom odsid€ @bpeiion, gmt of licenses and ldge<br />
i.vcsm€hc in eonoiic ovdhead capnal. The innid , loctlizali on sel the @onomrc'<br />
psychologi.al ed pol<strong>il</strong>i.al foIB in nodon lhal lcd to sdditional industrial a€ivnv r these<br />
catcrs. ConcotJalion oa mrcmic a€tiv<strong>il</strong>ic! in fd co16 8ave binh to rcgion.l<br />
dirpeiti6r0. ln lhe pre-plmed period {1948-1955) a euo of 2260 m<strong>il</strong>lion rupees eas<br />
inr.sled in ldec'$aie indusEig in Pakista.- During 6Bl live tt6 pl.n pe.iod ( 1955{0) th.<br />
sum invsled in lsge{cde nenf&turing s@lor 6se b 3000 m<strong>il</strong>lion ruPes ThouS! small<br />
indNrns could rclr€c€iv. official patunase other tnd ene rd concesion a.d t*hnic.l<br />
help yrt inpelus lo ercwth wd.povided by sMll s.l€ ddufrruing s*lor lhal Srew ar an<br />
average Mul rale of 5 3 p€rcenl du nC 1955-60.The nse in Goss National Poducl Bas 2 5<br />
pdcor pd mnum duine 195050r. Shm oa indlstial sctor s€hed 12 p.rcent ofGDP al<br />
(3) Agricultu..I d.v.loprelt<br />
Agriculrual sclor wd donimt in th€ aonomy of Paldsran. I{dlotds dd ndchans<br />
conlrolled no$ of de econoni. AgriculluF 6.ctor of th. .conomv *!s surplu i. l@d oi<br />
rh. .v€ of pannion. Il sh4€d 53 pdot of thc Grcss Don€sric Prcduct (cDP) of Pa*istan<br />
od engaged 66 pdc6r of lhe tokl labor for.. Jute dd cotlon €xpons accountd lor nor.<br />
rnan 75 percenroaPatisrd sroral.xponrr. As hd ndtio.ed alrcldv thal dsp<strong>il</strong>e the major<br />
contrihrion oa agicuhuG in prcductio.. cotuuoplion, dpon dd .mplovnent. the tuling<br />
elite in Patislm squeezcd aCicllture dd oler mphasized i.d$trialization in 19503<br />
NeSalive policics lowrds asliqnla in lhe fom of dn*t pncc contol dd multiplc<br />
erchsge nlcs we adoplcd. M48d Eouces wcE allotlcd lo aCFcullure in P.kkh ft gol<br />
only7percmtoatheblaldevelopm.htonllayofthen6!6vevearpls{1955-60)'The<br />
shm of public s..ror invGtnol in agicuhurc includinS idigalion wc Rs.z l79 m<strong>il</strong>lion<br />
dlrin8 tne fi.st live yee plu pdiod '.<br />
fte leading posiion in agriculhre ws occupied by cop ptldlclio.s 6p{kllv bv<br />
lour najor cop6, wh€al dd cofton in w6t Pati$an, jule &d n€e in E$t Pakisld. The vield<br />
pq acie of thse crcps vb !€ty low due to us. ofPrimit<strong>il</strong>e ne$ods ofculiivalion Thc<br />
in.dcq@re nolseN dd low cdal inigadon supPli6 cauol pmr cops dlnf,g 1952'51<br />
*hich oa6sit.t€d heavy f@d gains inpons foF abroad.<br />
13
Ag.icultuF developdenl is a corplfl issueso d ovefliew ofpogress in aeicullural<br />
s6ror dunng 1950s is di*6ed undd h..dinss lit€ agnclhBl 6dch md extension. runl<br />
work polres od Eigalion dcvelophent.<br />
(l) Agricuhur.l R€rr(h .trd Ett€trsior<br />
Mosr of lhe central inslitltions ol agricultudl Gdh vm lost lo India tt $e lime oi<br />
pdnnion of Sub@niino! dd o.ly a f* oatner wd. lst in Pakish thal werc nol nough lo<br />
train dr t4hnical peens needcd for adious btmn6 of aSticullut' Th€ aolemm€nl or<br />
Pakislo cstablhhcd Cenlral D?annd ofPldl Pml@tion in 1947 Food and Agricullure<br />
Coudl wd dabtished in 1949 for prenotion of sciq ific lennobgical. wial ed<br />
4onoiic !.sedch 6 w.ll s education relaing to f@d, 28rcuhuF, animal husbandrv and<br />
The nnt Prime Minist J<br />
of Pal
wheal annuallyro Due to tladvely heavy wheal inporls Pakistm's balmca of patnents<br />
dctqioaroj<br />
Oovemmenr conslituted evdl comitt es duriog the lir$ half of $c d€cade or<br />
l95os. Tb. Sufi Conmifte R€pon:\lgtl) sueg6led th.Blablishfr€nl ofsinelc 'ntcgrated<br />
cximion sdice BPosible for th€ cdualioMl rcliviti6 o' all th€ national bu<strong>il</strong>ding<br />
dcpann.nls. I cxnoncd on lhe re_orgdizalion of agncultuml exleneon sFt6 s<br />
inleghled exlcnsion or8dialion':r. tn ord.r lo impove dd orelnize agncuhure on scictrli lic<br />
lines, rhe govehn.ht oa Pakistan constnured Agricultural lhqunv Conmitle in March 195 I ,<br />
uidq thc chaidsbip of Lrd Boyd On In the ligbl of lhc @@€ndalions of On<br />
colmnl@, a 'C..Fal Ctow Mo!€ Food CoEnnlee was sel up on ad h@ bais b thlnk over<br />
tosible nedurcs for cunehat of foo{t shorlage snudiom i. rh€ fuluE The codmirtec<br />
@ommended lhc shorl-ted m€6u€s such as bringi.B hore trea under lbod slarns<br />
cullraqon, d<strong>il</strong>tuton of rmpoved se€d6, impo\.d melha! or culr'vauon usc of n'nur'<br />
fen<strong>il</strong>iz6 sd Pesticid4 lhar w<strong>il</strong>l sabl. lhe PaLisld agriculture ro rnc6c the exst'ng<br />
crops yi.ld by more thd 50 p4c€ni The conn<strong>il</strong>lee also r4onne.d€d $e eslablishn'nl of<br />
muliiplicarion fms on ldge $ale, int nsificarion of dcmo.strarios and pop'smda woik<br />
lor lhe use of inproved seols, ferl<strong>il</strong>iz€rs dd the establishmot ofcoopeialve socierieszr<br />
A Cotnl Cow MoE Food Ehcrgnv Comtue' wd const<strong>il</strong>ured in 1953 dd tne<br />
provincial govemnenls weE ale diMt€d io set up {ln<strong>il</strong>e<br />
collatoBrion wirh C€nt.l Condne U.dq lhc Crew Moc Fo'd SchnC ruP€es 2l<br />
n<strong>il</strong>lion v€.e all@aled lo NwFPrr.<br />
ln w6i Patnld e<strong>il</strong> omen.lioi P<strong>il</strong>or pojal wd skned in 1954 and in 'll l?<br />
denotrtdion s<strong>il</strong>6 w€G et up, each coosistinS of 15 ro 20 thousand ac6 of llnd The so<strong>il</strong><br />
cohsalion prcjst w6 als !$ned in NWFP tn<strong>il</strong>itllv dmonstdlion work sc ianeo 'n<br />
Kohai Mddm, D@ Isma<strong>il</strong> Kn ! &d HumrL<br />
(li) Rnr.l ddclopn nl Drogrms<br />
lh PaLisrtn abour 78 p.Enl of $e population wd Udns in tual am in about 5000<br />
v<strong>il</strong>lases, lo case of Nonh Wesl Fionlicr Prcvince 90 p.rcflt populaion was liv'ng 'n rual<br />
arw'. The rual Popul.rion *s deFndol on asticulru(al 4rivities for lhcn liv€lih@d<br />
Rural arcas werc chaaclcriz€d bv snAlus popul.lion, unflplormenl and u'der mplolmenl<br />
4d lhe low dc of @nooic PogBs. D<strong>il</strong>l.6r lml d'v'lopnol Pog@s w* 'mqr<br />
75
oui in ?akiskn witb fiei. stres oi inprevemeni of agnculture In tbe dec.de of 1950s the v<br />
,AlD (1951-61) w4 cried out for f&<strong>il</strong>it2tug tne v<strong>il</strong>lagc or tual lifc The v<strong>il</strong>lag. AID<br />
Pogrm ws inniated in l9sl.lbr ihprov€dcnt of lbc social 6d economic cond<strong>il</strong>ions or<br />
v<strong>il</strong>laB6 rhoueh donmunny dcv.lopment netho&. The Prclre wG finMce bv the Unned<br />
Srab Foaig. Operxion Adninislhtion, the Ford Fomdalion dd tbe Prtislan Civcmot<br />
Thc b6rc phrloloPh) b.hrnd rhe Pbgram $t( ro cre.le toluntary leadehnp dd he<br />
spirit of cooperatio. ed ecr<strong>il</strong>icc mong $. nral p@pl. $ thal lo mehootc th€m<br />
@.onic dd s@ial livings wnn nininm c.9iEr ed in shond possible tinc ll ss a<br />
nultipuQosc prcerm chcompssing as.culNnl exl€.sioni @tlage industrv, heal$ dd<br />
s@ial &tiriti€s. For pt sryice taining ofr<strong>il</strong>lage votkcE. rwo taining in$nutesi one 'h<br />
Pujab md dolhq in Frcnlier Prvinc. w€rc dtablisbol in ,uly l9t3 The v<strong>il</strong>lage workeB<br />
wer€ traiocd io the bsic knowl.dge md sr<strong>il</strong>l aboul vdious developmenl rqs lnd we€<br />
signe
(iii) Irrlg.tior developdelt<br />
The inig.tio. wat€r plays pivotal olc in aeflculrulal development. Cdak and lubc wclls a.e<br />
rbe main eurces ot irieation wat.r, Tbe host impondt b.ni€r to ag cultural de!€lopnent<br />
h6 ba. rh€ shortaS. of idgalioi wald i. Patisitn. Th€ hajor &bievm.nl of lh€ ddadc oa<br />
lc5os in Pakidd s6 rn lhe rcolm ol rstrlurcrtl c\dge wdte 4d Po$er Devclopnenr<br />
aufiority (WAPDA) was shblished in 1958. Chaner of WAPDA included thei.resdsation<br />
plming dd ex@ulion of sh@6 ir 1he neh of supgly of ini8Etio. valcr, dainaee and the<br />
Mlmarion of tne wale! losged ed the sdine ldds, flood contrcl, soeraton Dd<br />
Th. iftigaliof, dwelopm€nl postm includ.d bod, surla.e d w.ll 6 grcund waler<br />
develophenr schen6 like coBlrudion of dms and banaScs, installation ol lifi rtrigaton<br />
pumps! consnation oa rains wat€r md cons!ruction of <strong>il</strong>ood enbankfrml and canal<br />
€xrmsion prcs@s. l. the pepldnd penod (194?1955) on lhe expose of90 h<strong>il</strong>lion<br />
rup6. 0.?8 n<strong>il</strong>lion acrs of ldd w6 irisatcd md 0.18 m<strong>il</strong>lion &rcs saline dd warer<br />
logged ldd ws ieclained in Palistd Duins ti6l pld penod (1955 60), iriSalion fic<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>ies<br />
wft prcvid.d to 1.08 niUion &c ldd in ldditioh 1o 0.1? h<strong>il</strong>lion rcG v{d logS€d lmd,<br />
vhich w6 @laim.dtr. b Puj;b ed Sbd ce.l itrigation works qpdded dpidly {i$ $e<br />
coslruclion ofGM Bnage in 1955, Taunsa Bmge i. 1958 a.d Cuddu BaFaee in 1962<br />
'It6e bMas6 expdrded lhe cdal conned d.. in Punj& fom 14 m<strong>il</strong>lion dG in 1947 ro<br />
aboul35 m<strong>il</strong>lion acEs in 1960. Sin<strong>il</strong>dlyinccEc in cdal idgaled e. @cun€d in Sind"<br />
The per€mial ifieation clealed lhe n.nace ofwald logging and salinity As no<br />
poper &amge systm v6 d.ivcloped in padllcl w<strong>il</strong>h thc cMl inigation for dnposal oa<br />
wter. W.ld lossin! dd salin<strong>il</strong>y aff4led 14.9 and 1918 m<strong>il</strong>lions &Es laod Bl4t<strong>il</strong>elv 'n<br />
Patisran f<strong>il</strong>l l95os. MoE lhd 50 p€rceht of these @as wer€ confined to th€ povincc of<br />
Pujsb:1. tn swabi dbrricr oi Pesbawd valley dd Bmu disficr of D lKis division i.<br />
NWFP, hundrcds squ@ n<strong>il</strong>es of.ullivated da wG undet $e moace olwalr lo8Sing and<br />
salinity Th€rcfoE Salinity Conlrol Md R4lamalio. Program (SCARP) w{e slaned 'n<br />
1954. It vs public tub€ well d<strong>il</strong>ging pos6m l.unch€d for elin<strong>il</strong>v conuol Md @hmtt'on<br />
s well s for prcviding irigario. w.rer.
5.2 f,.otromic d€v€lopn€ll id North wat trrolli.r Provhce (1950-60)<br />
Beaore pM<strong>il</strong>ion of Subco.rinal NWFP wd lhc pbdt Previrce or India in t6ped of<br />
prcvincial revsue evcn poffi lbs tne n*ly fomed mini.lre province ol Oriss. ln lhe<br />
inidal ys an€r ind.r.nd€nc€ ?0 percenl of Patisla. s tolal tade w$ with India NWFP<br />
*6 rls. €.d.g forcigD qchanSc of noE th& 2.5 m<strong>il</strong>lio.s nrpe6 lhreueh lhc cxpon of<br />
lr6h fruit3 !o hdia". The Drovinc. yielded an incone of Rs 18 34 m<strong>il</strong>lion fton provincial<br />
reeurc.s&d Reiv.d 0.93 m<strong>il</strong>lion fron cental rsuEes such d customs, rdNays €xcse<br />
dd inom. t x in 194?. As the popultrion oapovincc wa5 3 5 m<strong>il</strong>lion e rh€ incon€ Fr<br />
h@d computcd to b. Rs.533 pd snh?'. Thc prcvi.c. ws ako deivins an Dnnal<br />
subvdtion of tu.lo h<strong>il</strong>lion ft;n th. chler. Under lhe Raisnd award of 1951, th. mud<br />
bv€ntio. fDn c6rcr io lhe Frcnlid omviDcc ws i@@ed fton l0 n<strong>il</strong>lion 1o Rs l2.5<br />
m<strong>il</strong>liofl. The prcvince aho @eiv.d ssislec€ in lhe fom of loreiSn ere$ and loans lor<br />
findcins ns elrl dd.lopnmr pegrm. Th. shae ol Punjab md NWFP wa 27 PeEqt<br />
.rd 8 0.rc4r rcrpeliv.ly h ln. loLt divnibb inom. tu dd cenrFl excise dulv of lhe<br />
coulry in 1951.<br />
T.bl.5.l<br />
Tord .a.r!., .rD.rdftur. !d dendu or lhe provlnc. durl4 l9d_r9&) l. m<strong>il</strong>lions rup.A.<br />
194647 19.J 44.09 24.19<br />
1955.56 48.7 85.4 J61<br />
t959-60 51.4 93.0<br />
Mlllunnqd S.d ru.! 7. da r/rr. P.fi e'. (bhdc Fdu sc 1972)- p |20 md hffi<br />
n Partd, Bodqhnd (Kffii': bn$ Publistda, 196r), p 2 15<br />
Thc provinc€ ws a deficit one. The flwtuatio.s occm€d in revnue @.ipts md<br />
.xp€Dditc ol the prcvirce duitr8 lhe psiod t94?-70. A! showed by lh€ table t.l, lhe<br />
d.ficns see 124.5 pcrc.nt ofrav.nu. in 1947, whicb fell lo 78 85 perccni in 1956 and l le<br />
incEe toot Dl&c sd eehed 80 ldenr in 1960.<br />
(l) Ild$trl.l dd.loptutrt<br />
Al fie lim. of panitioo Pa,kislm d . whol. *s in d1. p!._itrdEdal lrage No toorc 0w a<br />
fs i$lat d n<strong>il</strong>ls producing sinpl. cosmd g@ds lit€ tcgelable o<strong>il</strong>, sugd, cigarcttes md<br />
t€xt<strong>il</strong>6 src Fs6scd by dy mcl@politan city Th@ w.c dlv 3t a@roncs in thc rca<br />
conslruling Pal dr. out ol $h(h, ll\e frlories and or. *orlshop qcre rr lhe Nwl-P'r'<br />
73
Theie w@ only teo significml indusLial pl&ls Glgd,m<strong>il</strong>ls) in NWFP al ihe ime of<br />
In lne eady yeaB anq indepndence, backwdd des like NWFP rcceived sone<br />
atr€ntion. An indslrial policy ws &nounced in 1948 bv de govff€nl of Paliskn lhar<br />
snsscd rhe up grEdadon of indu5tn6. In PalGtm lhc ihitial dcvelopnnl elIons wcre<br />
didt.d .htnely loward. indulry ed asricull@ *ctor was n€slected Agncuhure suQluss<br />
wd iaLn for Srdted md eof,ohic d€vclopmot wd considced svnonvmous s<strong>il</strong>h<br />
On 24'" Meb 1948. rne Cni.f Ministd oaNwFP ptesnled d induslnal pld on $e<br />
noor oa prcvincial ssflbly thal stessed on to ser up woolspiming, hides Md sknr Ianning,<br />
enenr, sugar d
CoDontion (PlCIc) advmced Rs.6.o3 n<strong>il</strong>lion in N.\VFP oul or 1404 89 m<strong>il</strong>lio' ruPNs<br />
ldvoccd in West Pakislu al thc sde ine".<br />
(2) Agrlc0ltuEl devolopm.nt<br />
The economy ofthe Nonh West Frcnti.r ?ovince was 6senli.llv asiicullue based Nonh<br />
Wd Frcntlq PFvirce eded s a frun baslet foi lhe Egion. Out of the I 5 h<strong>il</strong>lion loral<br />
popnlalion of th. prcvi.ce about 90 p.rcent dep.nded dirccllv or indnecllv on dSicuhurc for<br />
irs livclihod in t94?r?. The tadiiio.ally oP€dtcd ed n@g.d aclicuhuE *clor rdded to<br />
las behind in povidi.g livemood 6 wcll 6 absolbing labor ore! tin' The production or<br />
nrjor food enins such s whd( ncc, 8Im and jove wd nor sumciql lo nd $e<br />
rcqunemcnl of$eprovince.lr haddennal i@d d€ficit ofaboul50'000 tons of l@d goin'<br />
chielly c a Esuti of the qr.@€ly low prcdlction in lh€ uibal d6! The province<br />
d€pended on idpon of whal lrcn Punjab As aBncultur€ Yd hiehlv su$'pibl€ lo the<br />
vas{ica ol sothei it Somlcd m.ll incon. Mo@ver lhc toPosdphv o' tfie po!'nce<br />
nad€ ene ded non_fesible lo. mod.n t€chnolosv Cro\ah rat€ ofagncuhuE v6 l€s<br />
thm lhe 6te oidenogaphic inc@e in the Polince in lhc Prcvtnce'<br />
The pFvincial govmhdt ddstmk the following steps for inpovendt ol<br />
.gicultuE (1). Bringin8 moF led uder cultivalion (2). lncFaeing th' cxis1i'g cop tlelds<br />
by inftducdon ofh€althy wt
had l79l co{pedlive socieli€s, with a nembc$hip of 55,385 and *orking cap<strong>il</strong>al of Rs<br />
2?.t6 n<strong>il</strong>lionio Aner ihe fomation ol One Uni( the Nonh we3l Fronrier Piovince was<br />
op.hed for the c@perativc tecnniqu€s oiolhei amalSama&d pdvinces Duling nd five vear<br />
pla pdiod I 5 m<strong>il</strong>lion rup€s vre prcvid.d mudly by cmpcdlivct in NWFP The<br />
rvmse taqavi loss Povided to the fam6 ir Pepld.ot<br />
priod (194?_54) v€e 0751<br />
m<strong>il</strong>lion np@s pd snun and rce to I OI m<strong>il</strong>lion rupEs during liFl plm penod The<br />
AB.culluFl Ba<strong>il</strong> of Pakislm w6 est.blisbed in 1957, wbich provided crcdn fac<strong>il</strong>ities,<br />
paniculdly lo the small fmers. Th€ inslitutioBl cr€dit iocFd€d twentv iolds tn NWFP<br />
Thc t<strong>il</strong>l6 meiv.d th. itu urion i loan al th. average @ual ialc of Rs 0.52 nnlon durine<br />
$c pE-plmcd ptriod. ll !o* ton Rs.2t0 lhousd in I94? lo 2 5 n<strong>il</strong>lion in 1960 h<br />
a$ained rhe alcm8e unud l€vel ofRs.2.6 dunnS fic fi6t pld priod ( I 955-60) '<br />
(ll) L.Ddlordirm .nd t.r.rcy<br />
A rh€ tin€ of independcnce 50 p@€ot of th. ava<strong>il</strong>Eble ldd in Pubj.b, a ltule less fiM 50<br />
pdenl in N!\fP and ovcr 80 p€rcenl in Sihd wd in lh€ possession 6fa f.w lhousmds land<br />
lord!'r. Thes ledlords w€rc a very i.nuential pol<strong>il</strong>ical grcuP froh 1947 ro 1958. Thev had<br />
pohical domindcc ovd lhcir $hmisiv€ ard ig.omr tenets. The age-old lmdlotds<br />
lqets dispute crcppcd !p eon ana i.depend.ncc 6 a '6ult ofsome d.gt€ of avakqins<br />
th.t sprsd monSsl th. lflmls. In the ab*ncc of sy senuine orsdizalDh for nprcvemenl<br />
oa lhe condnions of pcsdts in Pakhtan, lhe 1i.ld lmai;ed open lor exPloirarion by $e<br />
colmuist. The conmunist had a stronS basc anong the l&d less haris ofsind Ihough the<br />
Sind H&i Com<strong>il</strong>le.. Sim<strong>il</strong>sly the Punjab Kien Comitlee and NWFP KKm comm'llee<br />
w@ repcqlins lhc @mudsr agreid fionts in Punja! dd NWFP<br />
A Provincial Kisd Co.mitie rcpasnli.g the lgx}Iid arcnt ol the @nnunisr w6<br />
lomed in NWFP in 194?. The Comn<strong>il</strong>lee lried lo oremize lhc kisan ftonts in lanous<br />
dhdcls of lh€ provincc. Thc aub branch of Kisan ComnnGe was lorded ,n Kohat wnh<br />
Alzal Bdgah 6 prcsidcnt. The etiv<strong>il</strong>ies oathe connites were also noliced in Peshawar<br />
&d Ha2@ bul the orgmizcB could nol succed in BMD ed D.l.Khan ThGe comnitles<br />
c!@maed m .8g6ivc dtnud€ mo.s lhc toans rovdds the lddlordslr'<br />
Tne Mulih t aglc Agrdi& Refoms Conmitte {6 tomed in 1947 lo inqlie imo<br />
the maner of po$4sion of lsge lodholdinS! by lddlords and nisdble plighl or bgents<br />
ed !o suEsesl suibble eludon. The cotonitt.. Poposed;<br />
makins ofoccupdcy temts full_<br />
8l
fledg€d oMd, prcviding secuity lo lq&ts ai w<strong>il</strong>l, rcductn8 Mt5 pavable bv lflanb and<br />
.bolishing <strong>il</strong>legal.xacdons inposed on todts by lhe l@dlords_.<br />
The lndlord-teMls dispule intos<strong>il</strong>icd, wh@ th€ lcnmls efuscd io abide bv the<br />
mdnion to shrc lhc Poduce wirh fte lddlord, on lnc pl€a that it was .xccssi!.. Al$ $ev<br />
wce .xpKinS rh.n asnmdr ovs lh€ ,t94t (fmed tabor). This asullcd i. rends md<br />
bitlcmGs onq kadinS to ancd clshes beNcd ledlords od knants ih P€shawar and<br />
Mardd di$rict in 1948. The movend leceivcd . setbrck in 1950 whcn Ziarat Cul lhe<br />
pesidenr of the povincial Kism Commnree ee<strong>il</strong> under grcund for fcar of anenal Unl<strong>il</strong><br />
l9to, lhe Pujab Tddcy Acl of 1887 prcvided lhe rceulations rcgardi.C rendcy and<br />
wunry of renur€ in NWFP. Fom l95o onward a .unb€r of legislariv. measu6 *ec<br />
q&led ftom rine lo rim. ro cfom tn€ led l.nurc dd to prolal ftc rirhts oarenmts in the<br />
pdvince Tftdcy fming covded 56 pfl.nt of lhe mi in NVFP in th. enly tnies'<br />
Qaiyu Krld, lhat tinc Chiei Minisrr of the povince fathered comprchensive lhousi<br />
nod@re lmd r€fomr Pogrd.<br />
The NWIP Tenrncy Acr 1950 w6 thc fi61 l€gidation in Palistd. Ir *s followed by<br />
NWIP prelction dd csrodrion ol tenan y Act l9tl, ed ene mendmenls in n in 1952<br />
The 1950 tmocy Acl .uthon2d @cupdcy tduls lo acqliE o*ne6hip oa rll or ponion of<br />
th. Ied tney cullivat d on plymqt of rcason$le compensation lo the Iddlords The<br />
Jogidari systen we6 abolished Mordvcr n abol,shed rhe long-standrng custonary<br />
dist<strong>il</strong>ctions betNeen agricullwisls and non-a8liculluriss clas6.ll aho abolishcd rhe zrtz,<br />
dd /,ab@b (fored labor). S@uiry of tsure ws givo ro all tenanls for thre yeaE and rull<br />
popn€r.ry nghc w@ confr.d on @up4cy le@ts,nnd.r lhc Acf' Tne l95l ,{ct<br />
GlorEd the fomd po$6so! b 1ne toEG liom whicn den hdbrds ejaled then<br />
Througl the fl&ln.nl of 1952 Acl. mongaScd ld& were to be tatcn ov.r by lb€ onginal<br />
own* with oul palmmt of lhe mortgas€d don.y, provided lhe nonSag.c has benef<strong>il</strong>ed frohl<br />
As a Bult of lhdc rcfoms lhousds &G ol led fomrly h.ld bv hndlords had<br />
bd handed dd lo 26,864 mall Gupecy l.n..ts. O@updcy rdsts wet€ ent<strong>il</strong>,al ro a<br />
rotll of57,l2l er64e. Thc tresfd ws qnh oul conpasalion. Thc l.nant s trad<strong>il</strong>ional renr<br />
to lhe ledow.r had been linned lo tfie arounl equivalnl lo land relenue and o$tr raxes<br />
due lo rhe govemmenr. Anolher 1,81,184 dres were handed over to mo!€ lhd two hundred<br />
32
lholsand *9anle @cup@y rendts in relum ror conpcGarion. Finallv 4 addnioml l.<br />
42,961 acres *crc pannioned betwed ludloid! md aboli l, 20,000 @cupancr rcnffls and<br />
tnc laler got about ?5 p.rcenr of $c tohl pan<strong>il</strong>ion€d lddr0<br />
(l<strong>il</strong>) hrig<strong>il</strong>io. D4.loPm.rt<br />
Besidd mall€r one the followi.g major inigation pbjets wft cdi.d out in NWFP during<br />
r9503.<br />
ft. Klm C&hi prcj{t w6 ssncd in 1950 wrlh d.stimaled toLl cost ofRs 414<br />
n<strong>il</strong>lion'r6. Thh $hme itrvolv€d lhc crdion ba. husc Eedon lo sroe .umnq fl@ds<br />
{ai.r benind ai eanh l<strong>il</strong>lcd dm n d Bmu. Barm Dd i3 m inPonm pan of ihe schehe<br />
for sronsc oa valc. ofB.m N.llah.ll hd bd completc
Table 5.2<br />
Tb. prodoc<strong>il</strong>otr of food gni.!' !!9.6e .rd<br />
.r .onprr.d io th. .$.te. proddlon don.g<br />
roDreo crops or ihc Drclir.e d$lns O95rle6{)<br />
1ta&!95{ In.bousrnd ro$<br />
Avedg. plodldio! durir Av.r,gc producrior dunn<br />
246 212 6 t0.8<br />
|l.6 8.3 -28 4<br />
550.7 622 8 tl<br />
t226j 1795<br />
25.9<br />
ffi-, cd@r of NwrP, ,rs'eltunr s,tuib o/xrFP, surr.rin No<br />
'fuE w6 neeligibl! increde in c6. of fmd grains i. PalNld<br />
s a whole dunns $e fint<br />
. subslrnlial incres. oI 13<br />
rle sio4 Bd in cse of Fontid 6 tne t6ble shows, lhcE was<br />
p6qt in hod rice did not pdfom weu.<br />
8ni6 dd 46 Pritql in Sued cuc. Tobeco rd<br />
5,3 Economic d€volopm€nl in Paklstan during (1960-70)<br />
A shin in golemar policy in lavor of.gricultur€ @cutr d v<strong>il</strong>h the advent of G@n<br />
Relolulion T6hnology in l96os. Tb.8€en relolution rcchnologv consisted ofa ntrfrbei of<br />
@oplm€nlary inpur viz. hiCI icldinS vdicliF of *.ds for diflffir mPs chemical<br />
f.rt<strong>il</strong>ize$ dd peslicides. Howo!€r lhe inisation waler plaved a critical rolc pdiculdlv rbe<br />
in$allation ofpublic 4 w€ll c pnvat lube w.lls Duing l95os 60s dd ?0s a nlmb'r of<br />
sufaca iFigaiion Poj€cls and inslalhtion of be wells took placc Th€ ovs all irnP&r or<br />
8!€en revolulion lahnoloey i. Patitrd ws stbns dd iBulled in sign<strong>il</strong>ic&r inclease 'n<br />
aSriculfulal productio. panicnlely in the iriSaled d.$ The lituation chanacd 's rhc<br />
cconomy wG growing. Th. 8l9$ah qs quic satsirclorv io all *clos ol economv dunng<br />
ihc d6.d. of 196G.'Ihe avms€ mut ritc in GDP wd 63 p'rcdr pet enum dunns<br />
t96G?0.
(ll Agrlcuxtrnl Developneit<br />
Agriculture w6 ioming 53 p€rcd of Grcs Dom6dc Frodncb 6l PakisLn in 1948' lrs<br />
shde lell to 45.8 pmenl i. GDP in 1960. The pdcnlage of labos aorce engaeed in<br />
agd.uhw€ rell ro 64{. TlE copp.! am grcw by l 7 Pdcdt a vw and lhc supplv of<br />
iEis,'lion waler grew by 2,5 pd cot a }€d dpring 1960_70 ACiculurc 8!ew al ihe ralc of<br />
3.7 pdcot pq rld duing 196!l'65 dd 56 p.rcenl pr annum durin8 1965_?0r' The share<br />
oa Agricullurc in GDP of PalGtd tunhd cd. dom to 18 9 peEcnl in 1970 .nd 58 perccnr<br />
olrh.lolal labor for€ of counlry *.s deaged in aericullue"". In 1970 oul of40 to<strong>il</strong>lion<br />
aG culrivared d@ I I m<strong>il</strong>lion acB wer€ tuigat.d6r.<br />
{2 ) Indu slrlr I D.velopm.nl<br />
DuinS deade ol1960s, averag€ stowth in lsge{cale nmufacluring wa 12 p@e p€r<br />
,q. Th€ shsc of indusd.l setor re&hed lo 16 pdc.nl of cDP i. 19?06: A sum ol<br />
Rs4Ot0n<strong>il</strong>lion ws invest d ii leg.-*ale indlslriG during saond fivevedpld (1960'65)<br />
in P.tisLn. Thc shall-sl. induni6 could not deive du€ anston md lhe w6t Palisl.n<br />
Small l.dusti6 Corporalion ws established ts lale as 1965. Dunnglhe lhird five'vear tlan<br />
a sm oa12, ?70 n<strong>il</strong>lion wN spent on dryelopnflt ofbolh smll dd leB._eale indNr'€s<br />
6 wcu s bu<strong>il</strong>ding of 9 sall induslri.l eslatcsdr' Th€ tolal out put of ltrge *.le i.d!sh's<br />
incre.sed twelvc lol4 wh.!€ s 60 p*qt incree took place in oul pul of snall scale<br />
indusrri6 dunng the d@ad. of 1960s_.<br />
5.4 Ecommic d.v€lopmeir h NWFP 0 964-70)<br />
Duc ro strain d rarte elarions wid India dd Pak_lndia 1965 war' $c €xPon ol foiG frcm<br />
NWFP to lrdia olcluat€d sd f€ll do*n. In th. National Finmce Connision (NFC) a{ads<br />
of 1962 md 1964lhe sh{. of e..n Ed Pa}<strong>il</strong>td Md w.si Pakislan povinccs wd nxed t4<br />
p€rcdt md 46 p!@nl rcsP4tively in lhe divisible pm! t res"' Dunng 1955-19?0 all dt<br />
fou ptovincB Punja!. Sind, \'WFP, ed Baluchnm maioed u<strong>il</strong>ied in One Un<strong>il</strong> of W'st<br />
PaIGtd. Duins rh6 on. unn Esimc the public slor tolal d€velopnent outlats in NWFP<br />
plus dbal deas w.ERs.l2OOmiUion ot30 m<strong>il</strong>lio, per snun".<br />
85
Tlblo5.3<br />
Popuhrbn of Prklsbtr, Puni$ .nd NWFP It mllllod dnrttrg I951'71<br />
t95l I06 20.64 (66.4t 46 (r45)<br />
l96l 42.88 25.58 (58?) 5.? (13.1)<br />
L97t 31.61 (5?.95) 8 4 (12 94)<br />
ff<strong>il</strong>6; f Pd,na r, /do otPd*db, sbtu, teaT'7o<br />
The tauc ahows that th. popul.tiotr ofNwFP ws 4 6 n<strong>il</strong>lion in | 9t I In 196l'iEehdi57<br />
m<strong>il</strong>lion wi$ e dnual Srowth de or2.34 pddi. Al the od of 1960s, poPuloion orthe<br />
pbvince rach.d 8.4 n<strong>il</strong>lion witb avenge mu.l gow$ rate of 3 l2 PeEe'r<br />
Duri.g ih. datd€ of 1960t, 1.57 m<strong>il</strong>liols totd in@.s l@k pLce in th' popul'l'on<br />
of NWFP!?. Av@ge per cstita ircom. in NWFP f€lt !o Rs 160 *h<strong>il</strong>. $e @mteblc p€r<br />
cap<strong>il</strong>a in@n. in Pujab ed Sind qs Rs 614 ed Rs 353 resp@t<strong>il</strong>clv dunns $e dccade of<br />
1960s63. Duc lo hiCI dep.ndency ratio, $e lo{e$ rate of urbanization low per capira<br />
inom€, l&k of r€msentiv. mPloymql oppodunnv ed.inab<strong>il</strong>itv o' asicuhoral seclor ro<br />
ab$rb.dditional nMh6. $a! ha hd a lsge our miS ion Fon N\IFP lo olhq<br />
pmvinc€s. 0.46 M<strong>il</strong>lion wotk@ niSrated fton NWIT to K@hi i! emh ofjobs b€sides<br />
oolhd hlndEd thousdd wdc Porkins i. Pmjab"<br />
O) ltrdutri.l d.v€loDn.lt<br />
Thc totrl nmbs of rcSislcrEd indudrialurns in d; polinc. r@hed I l5 in l97oa<br />
Out oa rh6c ll5 Egistccd <strong>il</strong>dustrial u<strong>il</strong>! 102 wft inst llcd bv pnEle s@tor' PIDC<br />
ihvest€d six hudred n<strong>il</strong>lion only 6.13 perodr ofirs lobl dev€lopncnl expendirure in NWFP<br />
dunrg t9t2-19?Or'. Non-rc9sleted indutries havc favodble d€v€lopnenl tarset in NWFP<br />
They contribuled U.4 d<strong>il</strong>lion pd mM to $e egiontl in@nc od prclided 'nplottd to<br />
In 1962, IIDC wd bifurcated i o lwo orSdizlions' W6t ?alishn indusl'ial<br />
Dev€lopncnl Corpootion (WPIDC) hd Bd Pakht n lndBttral D'velopme't Co'ponno'<br />
(EPIDC). Duing Smnd Fiv. Ya Pld pdiod {196G65) WPIDC inve$ed a slm or<br />
Rs.2?-3 m<strong>il</strong>lion in NWFP, olt of Rs l37 m<strong>il</strong>lion loi,l inv6tncnB nad' in w€sl Ptlisr2nrr<br />
This noney vas inv€sled io BMu SuSnr M<strong>il</strong>l aid develgpm.nl of Rock Sal M'ncs aDd<br />
QuMi.s ar Jlua Baludq Kh.l (Kant).<br />
86
lruring lhe Third Five Y* Plm p.nod 0965_?0), Wsl Patistd. LdBt ial<br />
Developnot Coipoaliob (w?lDC) made lotal investnents of Rs ll40 n<strong>il</strong>lion in Wesl<br />
Pakistd out of which. a sm of ?4.7? n<strong>il</strong>lion wds inv6ted in NWFP?' ThF sln wc<br />
inv6ted i. tinbs pi6nalion ard lrc3tn€nl pl&t Hav€llid ot Fo6l IndDsis €ohplex<br />
ad ddclopmenl of nin@ls lik. Copper, Bauxit. china clav md R6k $ll Dunng $e<br />
d4ade of l96os, 52 indusdal u.irs were iNlalled in lh€ provincer5<br />
lable 5,4<br />
Inv€tm.ri bl W P I D C 0 96t-72) ltr tt. four Pmviice ol Wdr Ptki!r..<br />
hvertDerl itr Mllllo. tu<br />
2A 131.25 58.8<br />
l7 115.40 210<br />
l) 82.33<br />
5 93.46<br />
The rlbl€ indicai* dat v.ry l<strong>il</strong>tle pDponion 6 7 p.rccnt of fie total w6 invencd rn<br />
NwT rcpon by PIDC wh<strong>il</strong>€ v€ry high pDponion 58 3 p@€nl of roral w.s made n Punjab<br />
DurjnS tbe onc unit pdiod (1955-70) conpealivel, sntll anoum ws inlcslcd in<br />
NwF rcgion. Even the rdntdce $al cme frcn abroad were not inreslcd for thc indusrial<br />
or hume rsN€ de!.lopmml bul wq€ spenl otr @l qrat.s or bu<strong>il</strong>ding or ho66 or on<br />
ndiag.r. As a @tucqu.M oflhc Cpvnn.nls d€lib€Bi€ t licv lo ocoMge indushal<br />
concenllalion, by 1968,lhe 22 ldSst fm<strong>il</strong>ies controlled 66 perc4t of indu$ial asscG, ?0<br />
m.nt of iosmc. fudls and 80 Ddcot of banl sslsrr' Thc Pa'kntun bousos fd<strong>il</strong>ies<br />
rhe Hotis. |he Kna$k lnd Ktuzadahs oafi€ Frcoii.r Esion could b€ @unt.d mons lhc rop<br />
lO capiulist fm<strong>il</strong>i$ in Pal(Gt4. Th. Hotis md Klanzdahs doninaled thc ausd n<strong>il</strong>k ih the<br />
pnvincc?'. Sone asrc-bsed induslri6 insblled in &e Frcnticr pnvince w.re nostlv in the<br />
uib.n a@. Tb@forc inter rcgonll disp&iry .xisled mons the Pbvinces ed mons the<br />
difleFnt rcSrons with i! lne pmvincc. Mosl oalhe ihdusllies q€r€ concentnled in few dred<br />
of Fontid i.e. Peshaw&, Swa! M.rd{ md Abborlalad?! h shows intet rcao'al dispariti€s<br />
vnh in th. prcvince. The gape bltwen difi4ni incone Sroups widened wi$ rhe Esux rhal<br />
60 percent rural peotlcs were @ing less lhan $300 p4, ycar dd Pcr' Iivin8 bclow tne<br />
91
Small industnes, coMge industies. md handicrans could noi prcgre$ as rapidlv as<br />
w@ experol. Th. Wd Palisr4r Snall Indusdes Corpordion wd gtallished in 1965 lhal<br />
rcnaincd mgage in prcmodng lbe d.velopncni of small indBtnes, cottage induslncs aDd<br />
hd
The shde of thc Fronliq prcvince in $e total !.lu€ of industrial production wd onlv 8<br />
pdcnI at rhc eid olsixliesi5.<br />
(2) Agrlcultural Development<br />
Out of lhe total employed peMns of the NWFP 6? 36 percenr were engascd In<br />
a8nculure dd cobtribntio. of asrcultuc lo lh€ totrl regioMl prcducls *d 40 percenl"<br />
NonI W.sl Fmnrid Prcvince @cupied about 9 4 pdcflt of the lolal area oi Pa*Btan and<br />
onl.ine
ava<strong>il</strong>abihy ofpal.l'. Sone oths elmenis of$e gov.dDlenl polici€s s!'h as a larse sale<br />
iN€strnenl in sat€r sdlor $dd ott 6 tne najor conttibution 10 lhe succes of.Sncultue<br />
(D Pnc€ 3uppotr |or dtput and sub3ldlo3 on inputs<br />
Dui.g l96os shiff in policy towdds agricllurc look pl.ce in fie fom ofinlroduclion ol ns<br />
lechnolog*. Cov.mmenl i rodnced Polici6 to exp&d crafi rac<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>i's Subsidies were<br />
g<strong>il</strong>en on new inputs to populdize tlrem Cov€nme.l i.troduced efec(ivc pnce suppon<br />
s,sl€n for najor dops likc wh€al. conon, ric. bd suSar cde to back up ih' procurdent ll<br />
bolghl gHt chan8. in aericullual Producrions. In lh€ dsade of 1960s govemnenr<br />
introdu€d lhe impon licme stst m for inpon cooibl Expon subsidi6 and mnltiple<br />
exchage 6re srtnt wre folloved ro dcourlsc i.dustrialianion dd lhc expon ol<br />
mdufDrued good6.<br />
Tne stdms ofsuPpon and subsidnspolicies ofagri'rlrnre wft initiatd in 1958 dd<br />
rheir list dd rat€ struclute w$ expdded considereblv during lhe sixlies Towords lh€ end of<br />
lhe sirti6, it eas note
indesed bt 2s peeeni. Colletioh of the land releo!€ fell in rhejurisdhtions ofpmlrioal<br />
govement dd coll@tion of weaxh td on landed prcp€nv Nas lhc dulv of ceniral<br />
gov€ment Bcsidcs di@l ldes like lfd denue aSlcultural incom' tax and saler<br />
char86, indnecl ard hiddc. l!x* in fte fotr oa cusrom duli6 excac
wMa Nr6e'ics w@ Gtlblished !t MimAli (NwA) CtiFat and prng Mthala (lvallkdd<br />
Agency). Sle?s rere |a&en ior foreslalion and conscryadon i. Fronliet Reeions During 1960<br />
upled coton ws intodnced in D I.Khd division an€r contl€lion of suryev of th' KutrM<br />
Carhi prcjecl &e in Bmu ditlricl &d p6or CRAC €omFMd dea i' D l Khan d$ncl As<br />
lhe a@ wdc aoud nosl suibblc for @non cultivarion s Coton R*mb Slalion sd<br />
cslablnbed in D.l.Khe lo €vollc ltiClr vielding carlv naturins sood<br />
dd coron poduc<strong>il</strong>g kchnoloBY"<br />
In tne lghl of the domm€nd*ions of Foo
In 1963.61, tlt. RwP .rn.rSed .s. tulttl.dlpd dcv'lopmc dron br Povision or<br />
s..ial, cd@ation l, haltb dd rSticultul wic6 tl rh' !d'l lcv'l ll wG a lo'nl<br />
gov.mot l ed l@at poSrd fo. si.l dd cotunic pog6t B6id's si'l a'd<br />
@nooic upl<strong>il</strong>l or rud P@pL, dE bdic objetive.of lh' posrd al$ includcd<br />
Gnploynol povision |o sutPlu agli.ulttbt l.bor rnd ;nndcmc of lod 4d lahor<br />
Doderiviry in lh. agricultuhl Gtorq<br />
Th. ptu8m ws in<strong>il</strong>ialtv liMccd b, $c Un<strong>il</strong>cd Slal' Public Llw 480 (PL_480)<br />
shict ws l.uFh.d in Pd{istd in 19603 lo o m.lhc prcduclion ofvadous 'sricultudl<br />
connodnie. Ancr mid 1966 rh. leal @unc<strong>il</strong>s dd @mmrniti6 sbncd lo @nmbnr'<br />
low.i& linding of th. Poam 4 rcrc ofthc sh'h' ws apPrevcd dl* a mininuF of<br />
It pctdt of th. tot l.xFnditu6 of$.r Presm g4 d; cdbv l(al@nnuniiidin thc<br />
fom oa lnd. l.!or or cdh MN tbd two hlndFd poj@16 vcrc comPldcd t<strong>il</strong>l 1980 Tn€<br />
ehcnB unlq r.rd cont in.d, cosuwlio of od' bdd86. n@d @ ol trd snall<br />
idigrtion 6!rdr, mll dus, lish poundx wtcdn ry cdtdn t!b' w'lls, poulltv fms'<br />
@mg. industtid cdlctst .gricutlml wotlclbP6, e<strong>il</strong> ciimdation sdc' comDu'lv-s<br />
bl<strong>il</strong>dings, dispcnsics, $h@l!, str!.t p.lcndl dd dFinagc sh4€s clcq'<br />
Dunng s@nd (1960{5) ed rhid (1965'?0) fiv. vd pld p€nod. our of250 m<strong>il</strong>lions and<br />
430 h<strong>il</strong>lioB rDejficd for Wd Pakis!.!, 36.6 n<strong>il</strong>lioB dd 51 8 n<strong>il</strong>liont wd. all@alcd lo<br />
NWFP cspelivcly, Oul .a ehich 3l m<strong>il</strong>lion w@ ur<strong>il</strong>iz.d dlring lh' s@nd dd 3t 2<br />
n<strong>il</strong>tim dudng thc 6itd fiv. yd pls pqiod- nF popl. @nltibuliotu ecrc Rs 3 5 m'llion ot<br />
t,l Dqtd of th. brAl m@cy +dt on lhc pogrMr@<br />
Thc Ll''on.tion @iv.d fst pridity in thc RWP in NWFP tt Ecivcd Rs 19 m<strong>il</strong>lion or<br />
2t F@nt of totat oul l.y md 1934 *hcmd s@ onPlcLd dding 1963'10 S@nd<br />
priority s$ Sivo !o iFSlrion i. oainsl.lhtio oltubc wclls, uf@ w'lb ad 5mall dut<br />
A sun of Rs.l4.9 n<strong>il</strong>liot ituucd .trd 3 ?14 diffcmr *hcn6 wcc @nPld'd Rs 126<br />
m<strong>il</strong>lioG eGrc sDdt on h.dth &d sitation stor dd 3 4ll $h€nct w'rc compl€lcd ln<br />
.dMrio. t4ror 1,430 poj6t! w.c 6nplct.d d rh. @sl ofl& 12 2 n<strong>il</strong>lion'o'<br />
Moc $$ 5OO eh@6 *4 conPl.r.tl .t ftc cd ot Rs6 9 m<strong>il</strong>lior in th' s@El<br />
sctfe wic6 comp.itinA @Blruclion ol qohmun<strong>il</strong>v bu<strong>il</strong>din8s dd lo* cosl hoc6 ln<br />
industirl slot 6? $ho6 *.a.ompl.l.d 6 th. cct ol0 5 n<strong>il</strong>lioo ln agncuhurl salor<br />
239 diff.6r *hcm6 w.t @mplcr.d on th. dFE of I ? n<strong>il</strong>li@ro':<br />
9l
(lii) Agriculturs crodlt<br />
The ADFC dd ASnculural Bdk w.re her8.d ioto AgncultuBl Dcvelopmenl Banl of<br />
Palista. in 1961.. h providet all ttls ofhelp lo lh€ aencnhuisls During *cond 6ve vee<br />
pl& pqio
PAssco dislribuie.i FYVS, Fert<strong>il</strong>iaF dl P'llicidcs in Punjab and ADA ib NWFP 4d<br />
WAIDA plus Cd,l Depattm€nl dped.d idig.tion '.c<strong>il</strong>ii!'s<br />
(i) Land r€toms .nd Efonn! In land t nure 3y.|o|n<br />
wll6 prcpnebry righls wet b.slo{cd on occlp$cv tcnl<strong>il</strong>s und€t lc'arcv Acl of 1950 on<br />
4ou1 of tbeir renmcy for a PolonS.n Period olhlr clascs or renants who *de nor<br />
colded u.d€r rhis nd law' feh verv unlappv and continue lo oounsh $e hope ior sim<strong>il</strong>d<br />
benelll. Tnal is why $e ledlord tenanfs olalio.s rcmain'd tetue tit€r on tn€ dae of the<br />
Sehad Khm Com<strong>il</strong>tee ws changed to $; MPdoor Kiso Partv in 1968 The wo<br />
Medoor ws appended to tbe f,de of lh. Panv in oldcr to altracl lh' labor cla$ The small<br />
p6sl-9 ed acicultual laboies in $. plovinc. clainad thcir nghl on the ldd undq rh€'r<br />
po$esio.. On th€ sid€ lmd undr t€ndrs w.s clain'd bv tne hdoMqs ot the nost<br />
ptospmus a'm6. Ttus they w* lble to *ag. Lirlt suslain€d ed succdstul De6dls<br />
sruegle asaiGi d€ bis lmdlods in HGhtnaSs, Swai Dn Mddan, Anb (Hum)'0r dd<br />
olhaa6 dunnS l96os. Th. p@19t9ldd rclom lddowncGhip 9!ftm in NWFP wd<br />
T.bL 5.6<br />
Tt. Drcl959 lrd osr€nhiP D.n.ru || Nodh w6r fre ld P'ori"e "d Prllson<br />
t266ll7<br />
227<br />
154J8118 106)9 217425<br />
t0616103<br />
1215.9:<br />
4602)<br />
reet), D.35 rDd Mihrmnrd Ahnrd Khtr L4rd.rd tun'nq tutoti t^ NT P (iDs AtiP res0) pr6<br />
h is €videnl from lh€ abov. table,677 pdsons po$6sed avsage noking of l44l<br />
&6 per hea{t, vhi.h w6 aboul 29 limcs ih. tizc of ecoooqic holding Again as nev 6 7<br />
,o.?ls p€Mtu pos6s.d 3 25 er6 ptr had which ws linlc moE thd one quad of the<br />
95
Abor 90 pdml ofth. pFvalenl fm 3i2. was l6s ths 12 &res in NWFP Oll of a<br />
rolal of 20 m<strong>il</strong>lion ee cllrivaled dea in Palistd, 2 l o<strong>il</strong>tion ffi w6 cotroldaled l<strong>il</strong>l<br />
1959. tn NWFP lhc pogr€s ws much wote, whcc onlv nne hudred thousd lcEs arca<br />
ou of anoul 3 n<strong>il</strong>lio. e6 cuhivaled area wd co.$lidaLd l<strong>il</strong>l rhc sane dme'(<br />
Pnor io lad refom or 1959, ld
lw.l. Th. suotD.it ws h.dc to 24,31r €nsts thll Bullcd in uFsndalion of4 2 pftot<br />
oab.low subsirlqc. holdings to !ub5itl4c.l4cl. Momvd l0l,l70 4a scG allotlcd to<br />
.lisbl. p.eN on p.Fdlrr.<br />
{ll) |rng|don d€v.lopn.nt<br />
War.r ws th. t.y vdiablc li.t dhblish.d lhc sPG.d of gEn Mlufion t6hnologv Othq<br />
vdiabl6 sh 6 !.cd! .nd f.ri<strong>il</strong>ia w@ dcpddcnl on lhc lin.lv rla<strong>il</strong>.b<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>v ol w.tci Th.<br />
incl.e in lh. rva<strong>il</strong>ab<strong>il</strong>ity of watd Girhcr lhduei cdd or bv iub. w.lls w6 lhouSl lo bc<br />
€posiblc for hAlf of thc lolrl in.lls in olqulr' ,4 sludv conduclcd bv F.l@n t|d<br />
Gol! h iound lhct ofth. mualcDp Srowth d. of4 9 p.tdl during l9a,0s in Paldste. 2 ?<br />
p@fi w6 ro b..tEiburcd lo iEiSdim, 1.0 P4al lo.fdl<strong>il</strong>ia.rd lhc GmininS l-2<br />
pd6r |o orh6 fetoB'rt,<br />
Dudig 3@nd ( 1960{5) .nd thi'd ( l96t_?0) fivc veB pls Pdiod 24 P.E.nt<br />
or thc<br />
bral dd.lopnht our lay ws dlotr.d ro .Sricullw 3d watq @rou ltrigion and<br />
ele.rion l&<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>i6 wcF previd.d lo 2.05 Dd 6.5.m<strong>il</strong>lions ac6 l.rd during s@nd fiv.<br />
y.s plo Fnod. Duin8 rhird fiv.-y.d pls Pcnod 2 7 n<strong>il</strong>lion 4rcs land ss wJlf.d lnd<br />
irisrrion f&i|ni6 to 12.65 m<strong>il</strong>li@ &e lrd wrc impdv.dlt.<br />
In Pakisr& Cs.l wlra suppli6 iftrcls.d too 50 m<strong>il</strong>lion &rs fd in 1960 lo 5489<br />
m<strong>il</strong>lior ec fd in l9?Orrr. Allhoud lte volmc of wal* h$ ircc.ed npidlx cxp&sion<br />
in lh. cd.l ir<strong>il</strong>rt.d .g hs nol bd e. Thc ceal irigal.d @ ircd!.d fon 2l m<strong>il</strong>lion<br />
&c in | 955 ro 26 h<strong>il</strong>lion &6 in | 960 fallins ro 23 43 mi<strong>il</strong>ion &d in | 970rrr.<br />
Th. oublic wo*. deo.rmcnt NWFP .le shncd @Nlruc$on work o! multi Purposc<br />
Dojers 6d cmplclcd fou n.ll dds: $e waE t Dm in lhc Kabulcl<strong>il</strong>at'Swr Bain,<br />
Kutu Galhi &d Tedc in thc Kund-Kohrl-Oohal BGin rnd Khanput Om h H@rt<br />
dunns thc fiut lwo d*ad*.<br />
h) rhe proi.ct3 clol€d oot In K.bul.Ghlt d$!t B.tln W.r!!t Orn Prol€ct<br />
W.E I Dm vd b.ing bu<strong>il</strong>t undd lhc sup.rbion ofcdtdid ogin 6 undd aGpi@s oa<br />
Colonbo pls at th. point wh6 rhc Kabul Rivd dcbauch€s in|o lh. P*hawd pl.in Tnc<br />
*hhc conn.nc.d in 1949 s<strong>il</strong>h brll ddhal.d @tl oa 26t m<strong>il</strong>tionrr' Two cdals onc on<br />
lhc 1.fl .rd thc orhd ot tn risl<strong>il</strong> v3 @ntttuclcd ln 8ldition ro 4 .rcmous povcr<br />
prcdmlion, ir bouSl urdq culriv.dd norc lh.n I, o0,00O.eB of ben lddh
F4ib<strong>il</strong>ity Epon of eotbq nole sorlhv projccl ples@led in lhis b6in w6 Pehur Canal<br />
A@oding to tte prcjed cdal qs io b. tal.n out River lndus a( P€hur The work on<br />
'ron<br />
ihe poj4l vs sade
of Huara, wtich *as the natiYe town of $e prside Alab Ktm The oiher diskicls lihe<br />
Abbouabad, Msehr4 BataSIUn dd Shanglap( v're neglecred<br />
To snm up, thre exisled d elmdl of ln'qual di{nbudon of valer resoures on<br />
pDvi.cial 6 v€lt s rceomt l4el WAPDA i'cud'd jusi 84 Pdce ol 'ls bul<br />
dd.lopodl ou lav fq ih. hde6l oa Noni wd Frcnlis Prevince in lbe etts sebt<br />
during l95o-tor:'. Cear wdq di$halac mint incd nsi!8 bdd during 1947 dd 1962 *h'le<br />
delincd dun g l9?2 in NWFP bui in csc ot Punjlb cdd walq w<strong>il</strong>hdnval nainhined<br />
nsiig imd lhmugh out excelt l9?2 wh@ lirll. shon fall occurrcd<br />
Tabta 5.?<br />
C.n!l wator wlthdwal bv NWFP and Puni.b in Mllllon &16 F*t<br />
1958<br />
196.2<br />
l9f2<br />
4.05<br />
4.12<br />
Ll6<br />
3648<br />
Thc Lble sbos thal lhe cdrl valer supPlv in the pbvince os to 4 72 n<strong>il</strong>lion acres fed in<br />
1962 bul fell o 3.16MAI in 1972 dle to low llow olwd€r i' R<strong>il</strong>q Kabul ul<strong>il</strong>e incseof<br />
Punjab coal waler supply iai€d fton 36 48 d<strong>il</strong>lion &rcs feel in 194? to 4? 46 in I962 with<br />
littlc lhon lallof4MAI in 1972<br />
tul'';6Gd E--;turj,J'di.d: Niidrr DoL rdndrdo4re6r<br />
A number of inponMl incdtives were Povidcd io th' fmds foi inslallaton of Pnlate tube<br />
w€lls in l96os. FiBlly, ldge volun6 of lods on csv lms wse nad€ ava<strong>il</strong>ahle for lhc<br />
purchG. of tube wells dd sondlv d!€ lo inpon liberalizarion policv <strong>il</strong> becme esrcr lor<br />
rhc l@6 ro inFI1 naldi.ls for tuhe wells idau'rion lt reuhed in lh€ rapid expansion<br />
of pnvlrc |ub€ wells parti€uldlv in lhc lndus Basin eSro$ The ava<strong>il</strong>ab<strong>il</strong>itv of wals iion<br />
tub. w.ll blme oajor $me of inierrion. The av'6se mul t8urc of lub' wclr<br />
ins!.ll,tion iel6ed i6n 330 in l95os lo 80OO ih l96oJ'3 t' Putrjlb SCARPI SCARPII'<br />
SCARPIII md scaRPIv prcg@s *crc initi'tcd dd 6,844 tube welh q@ sunk undd<br />
$.se pogrms lhal €overed 4 49 n<strong>il</strong>lion rcrcs @nn{d @r:' Tbe aveng' number of ube<br />
wclls in opcration in the coudry reached 23,773 duling 1%3-65 1n Pdjab rcsioi tloie lhe
figl|rc durins rhis Friod ss 22J4s dd in NlrvF Region ontv 303 nDe *'lls vca muauv<br />
id oFnrion in l96r-65rD Duri4 1960-70, $pPli€ of pqlic nrb€ wdk w'r€r incdlcd hv<br />
291percenl in Patisff The wa<strong>il</strong>abihv ofv.Lr fred privab rnbe wells suddmlv incEased<br />
lion O,8O MAF in 1959_60lo 12,05 MA! in 1969'?0 rr'<br />
Numb.r ot tub. r.ll. In opsration |n P.kl.ltn .n.l provincF or PlnJ'b 'nd NWFP<br />
To.d {Dt . of !!be r.l Tottl rrdb.. ol tlbe r.[<br />
23,t3 (l0o)<br />
r0r (r.27)<br />
446 (t.t2)<br />
59,12r (100) 51,797 (00.63) 77r (r l0)<br />
1969 63,167 (r00) 62,034 (90.35)<br />
I.r63 (l4l)<br />
M'iroo.d-rtf'rr M'r'--d /vh'.r.f@/.,r'.t"r' .t Lvd.n dtutuz 4 tiEM dn<br />
.&46 o'Luh.d. PIDti l..rl l'.s!.<br />
It k .viddr lon rh. t ble lhat lujab pos6.d alDur 90 Percmt loral rubc wclls of lh€<br />
Patkrar wh<strong>il</strong>e shde ofN\4aFP vs only I 3 P.rc.nl in (he rotal fube well of thc counuv<br />
Th. idigat€d a@lhlt 'i6 13 8 n<strong>il</strong>lion &G in 1948 i. Pujah os' lo 166 miuion<br />
eres in 1960 od 21 n<strong>il</strong>lion &6 in 1970. In Norlh W6t rb iet Region $. iFgaled land<br />
w6 LO4 m<strong>il</strong>lion d.t6 in 1948, which increed lo 120 n<strong>il</strong>ion &rB ih 1960 and 160<br />
n<strong>il</strong>lion !cr.s in l9?0. The uequ.l devclopncnl io irisaiion in ?ujtb ed NWF tcsion<br />
cult d indificcnc€ in Ps capira ircrce of cultiv.Ld ad imgelcd &q8' drl {d tn€<br />
bsi. caw of lh. d<strong>il</strong>rd*e it lnc dlsl of d.v.lopn nl of 4ncultE obsd d in holh<br />
tn* agioN dunnS 196G70<br />
t00
T.bL t9<br />
Cuhndbd r.d lrrle.t .l ..s. In Pu4rb |nd l{WFPt drdia (1L&19?0)<br />
ood x|u xi- u..'t ',{'r../.'/a-n' s@ n,.rid r'd std Me!_<br />
uGDf. rrd A'b.b rf.'rtu tn /tr.did s'dd6.l Nt'F' tl|tt'7o,<br />
Th. r.blc t-9 indicdG tnll in Punjsb cultiv.r.d @ incc$Gd fiom 22 n<strong>il</strong>tio! eG ir 19':r8<br />
b 2l n<strong>il</strong>liotr sc itr 1960 lnd 27 tn<strong>il</strong>lid .4Es in 1970. 14 Nonh W'sl Fretli4 R'8iotr $€<br />
culdhr.d l.rd .nle.d fron 2 92 n<strong>il</strong>li@ xG ir 1948 ro 3 t3 m<strong>il</strong>lion ac in 1960 ctul<br />
4.20m<strong>il</strong>lion eBin 1970<br />
{lll} U.3 ol Chemlc|l F.tdlE rs<br />
Ue of f.rl<strong>il</strong>i6 E <strong>il</strong>cd s iDP.tus wirh th. iidwtion of hiSh i'ld s'& &d fdl<strong>il</strong>i4F<br />
!6?otui!c vei.li* ofwher.nd dcc in mid 19605,lo8dli4 *ith th' irca!5td cv'<strong>il</strong>ab<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>v<br />
of irie.tion w!rd. lnrodrclioi of $bidi.s on |.n<strong>il</strong>i4B t'd cxpDsion ol itrslnu on'l<br />
cE
TABLE5.I|)<br />
Con.umptlon ol i.nllE r. lnl.molPb nuhont In NWFPdlrlng 1053'70<br />
renlllu.r o$un.d (Tod Fe.lllrtlr comuD.d (ToB)<br />
195.2-tl 106 196t62 7,691<br />
1953-54 1962.63<br />
. 12,210<br />
195+55 2,756 1963-64 3,92O<br />
1955.56 952 1964.65 2,328<br />
1956-57 655 1965{6<br />
1957-58 4,216 10,066<br />
1958-59 l,l3! 1967-68<br />
t959iO 3457 1968.69 21.551<br />
t960'6l 6,t96 t969-70 lt,8l0<br />
-*<br />
N,,"Ir,r.- Mh 4,r."rs,.r E-*r qrMvF '"d D**r. st*tudq't.t.t\YF,<br />
Th. r.blc show5 08tu [on in qtdftv ot f.n<strong>il</strong>i26 u.d Mdihun fdl<strong>il</strong>id ed u5'd 'n<br />
195] -54 D tb. dc.dc of 1950! Thc @ of fc<strong>il</strong>'a ha @c'daablv rnc@cd lion h lgb<br />
toB in 1960 to ll,E30 bn6 ir 1969.<br />
(iv) Hlgh Yield v.rl€0.! s.€d.<br />
S€€d is the bsic, vital aid cenlnl inpu in .8n.utluE It is ih. tim.lv ava<strong>il</strong>tb<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>v of qu'l<strong>il</strong>v<br />
s.cd of th. right vdi.ry in .d.q!al. qudt<strong>il</strong>i6 lh.l d€iA. $e holih od sircngth of a<br />
acricultudl 4onomy. Th. hish icldinS whqt dd @d vdicli4 qsc inidatlv &velop€d i!<br />
Mqio in lhc l95os. Nq hio iclding re.ti6 of *h@i' m'ia and 'ice dcvcloP€d al<br />
CIMMYT in Mqi.o ad IRRI in ih. Pt<strong>il</strong>ippin6 Esteliv'lv w@ mtd' ava<strong>il</strong>$le in<br />
Pakisbn in lh.softl halfof196&r! Th. hiSh rauh ss@isLd with lhe usco'$6e te'ds<br />
Icd to thcir dpid d<strong>il</strong>tusion mong fmd in dmv couiiri$ in'ludinS Ptkisid' Sc€d is<br />
rclalively lov @ti <strong>il</strong>pur but hs th. Poidtial !o incF.e vicld on 6 bv 20 p'o'nl<br />
'vctlge<br />
ovq the lraditiontl se
Ttble 5.,! 1<br />
Th€ .wr.g. ann(.| quanllty ot<br />
1951-55 I1,401 )61<br />
of who.t, mal4 .nd gr.m used |n<br />
1955-60<br />
6,141<br />
196G65 48,8t6 I A55 ll,l92<br />
r965-70<br />
5,800<br />
Cr.m(Mru!dn<br />
P.edit. (1917-7/i,. ?!6n 'dqr1!nb.r'l 11 r-Dl. Atd'ul'urd u'k"fiv P6hr'rr<br />
Tnc lablc shovs th $ere wf conftuous ince$e '! lhe qudl<strong>il</strong>v orinprolcd seed or whcal<br />
used lt rcached 73,512 naunds du.i.B l96s-?O Thre qas falorable ris€ in tbe use ol<br />
impovcd s€d oi hajze dd G&h€d 5,800 dauds during 1965-T0 wide fluctuation<br />
@udcd i. the w oa inprcved sc.d of sM tG dount in"6ed lo I I '192 naDds dunng<br />
196G65 ed fell to 6,266 Eamds during 1965_70<br />
(v) cuEtivo and Prcventiw m.aEure6<br />
Insk, lcrlebElc p6t5' vetts ed olhcr ds&s duing pr' ard posl hd6t ph'g causd<br />
heavy 10$6 ofup to 20 pd€nl ot nore depddih8 upon lhc crop se6on p'sl i'f€sltt'on<br />
Md dis4e incidenc€rrJ To prcvcnl such losq bolh c@iie as well4 prevenlive nedurcs<br />
wd b.ing sdq Lk6- Curariv. m@B @nsist€d of Sroud od rcnal sPa'ing asarnsr<br />
pd. 4d tudenl atiacks P@enlive nmur6 'onsisled of tdm€nl of s'cds tsainst s'e
1960<br />
TrbL 5.t2<br />
Ar.a cow..d by pl..t Prot ctlon oP.rutlon. h t{ ,FP durlno ls6o'70<br />
cunrv. d.rur.. 0o rcr6)<br />
t96l l,l9,El I 557<br />
t962 95,490 195<br />
1963 1,65,574 1tx<br />
t964 t,76,t26 ?33<br />
t965 t,4t,t20 I,158<br />
1966<br />
t967<br />
1,68,2?6<br />
51,460<br />
1963 1,20,761<br />
-r.*rm.w*<br />
t22<br />
t62<br />
t969 2,2t,161 u6<br />
on t*lis*o<br />
T1€ lal,lc indicrl€s lhlt the ffi @vccd bv plmt prcl*tion m4E duing 196G70<br />
flutuared. Muinm ag ws cov€tld bv c@tiv. m6!s dwing 1967 whd greund od<br />
dial rpBy ws done on 3, 68, 2?8 &c Sid<strong>il</strong>4lv pdcndv. ne6u.6 w€E al pok dunng<br />
1965 {hn I , | 65 to6 of 5!.d $M ws tBl.d wiih chmi@|3 rSainst sed bomc dis€s'<br />
T6td cont ibuti@ b.d imPonanl @n*qu.ncd on .Sticulurc dNng the destlc of 1960s<br />
Its inpons !* o@!dg.d by lh. povition of ch.t9 crcdn thrcugh Agri'ultuar<br />
Dev.loDncnl Bar* of Ptkbt4. In 1959, $.4 w@ 2,000 t.eroF in the @untry' shich<br />
inc@ed by ovd 8,000 pddr to I E,909 in l96Errr. Thte divisions ol Mulre Lohorc &d<br />
Baha*altlr poss6*d 58 pd.nt of th. iolal t&loB of ttt @u ry're ln N\\FP $c lolal<br />
nhber olltaclo6 bo$ owncd by 8ovhndi s wcll s Pnval' poPlc t*hed l 0l9 o! 5 4<br />
peeenr of rord trd6 in wcsi P.kittd in l97or{.<br />
/r AgdcultuEl out Put<br />
iFa-,]dto',.tE.M!ol\I$2'ttc6'^r,j.u*urlvdirvt6r't!nItr0\<br />
Ix€ Dhdomml incMc in aSrrcult!61 !rcwt! toot Pl&c in lwo phaes' h tbe lisi PbGe<br />
iom 1960 lo 1965. thc m.i. ca!s. oi th. Srovlh dlrin8 lhis plriod w6 due lo lnc inctase 'n<br />
iEiSrdon f.c <strong>il</strong>itics, m ainly tub. w.l ls Thc avdage .nnual gFwth r'(' o I t$c ullu'al oll pul<br />
t04
@hert ro 4.5 Frcenr dunng the penod 1960'65 agairsl l 3 p€rcal during l950srl tn the<br />
sond pne, dlring 1965-70, aencul$rc show.d inPlsive grc*lh ehd thc 'xPrded<br />
irigaion f&<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>i6 wete suppldmte
soq on 89 lhoused acB lnoually and <strong>il</strong>s lv€iago prodnclion wds 90 thou@d tons p€r<br />
mum. NWFP prcduccd aboul 65 pd.nt of th. total iobeo of west Palbler4r'<br />
Susddq $€ sffind major c6h cop of lh. prcvinc., wa culiival.d on 206 thosdd ..r€s<br />
muauy dd l2OO lhosdd ton.sugee. w6 prcduc.d enually NWFP produced 15<br />
p@mr of lhc toial slgee. of wcal P.Lisrd.<br />
Polato ed ch<strong>il</strong>ica w@ ol]|d c.sh cops of lh. plovi..€, tbc fomq w4 em on len<br />
tlbGdd &B pd mM ard its svhg. du.l prcduclior w6 41 ll)ow.!!d ioE, whjlc lhe<br />
l.nd w6 sM on 6 ltblsd &G mully ptlducing atdag.ly 5 thousd lon mullyra'.<br />
The pditc. of NWFP regte,.d noc dPidly lhd olnd prcvi.ces in nlal<br />
Flducrio.. Thc prcvincc ws impond fruir gowinS aM. Th. @ud .vm8p Drcduction of<br />
6'uft ws 160 lhouend tons v.luiiS 52.t n<strong>il</strong>lion. 'nE av@8. mul prcdmlion of Plus,<br />
p4, pech6 and .itrs fruic ;s 64.? thous! to$" 22.t thossd lons 3.? thou..nd loB<br />
and 33.5 rhou$rd lds e?driv.ly. This Egion pbdw.d ?6 Frcdl of th€ plws. 96<br />
FE tft of thc pr6, 46 pddt of th. p@h6 nld 100 p@ml of lh€ c<strong>il</strong>tus ftuits of W6t<br />
T.Dl.3.l3<br />
rn. rr.ng. Nrd Eat.'.v.r.g. !!.rl !reftcdo! ..d yt ld p.r tm of mlor aod .rd<br />
sh crop. b NwTt d.d41960{5 ud t96& ,<br />
Arrlrl rv.r{. dlrtla l9a0a5 a!r!.| .@t d.nng |t6&70<br />
llt6 8,92 6.69 I4EE 9_1J<br />
572 6,95 12.14 151 t2.21<br />
t69 65.64 188.18 202 88.56 418.,14<br />
Lt6 27.50 82 2.12 28.24<br />
240 t.322 5.ll 0.795 1.49<br />
19 0.4t2 5.22 71 0.t97 5.59<br />
33 5.21 78 0.369 4.73<br />
.nd S.lldfn ,ln MrnL .rdrlt ot Mttt.t tdan<br />
Alrl.ul.ud Unl*nltP.|hr n l9r9)<br />
106
Th. table shows the av@8e mual dea undd cult<strong>il</strong>ation ol wh@t, maiz€ sugd cde and<br />
robacco in(esed wh<strong>il</strong>e &r€aee mdd gm, iowd &d bajF decrwd Aeain per scre v'cld<br />
3hows i@lte in cse of naize, t!g4 cr., robd@ dd jow& wniE de'Fed in c& of<br />
whea! Srm md bajn.<br />
In aetcDltuElly nosr dev€lopcd prctincc of Palislan P$jab inclqe in p€r acrc<br />
yi.td or major fmd ad cdh cmPs l<strong>il</strong>e whclt haizc, jowa ($rshm) bajla dd su8lEec<br />
N6 I 1 .6, O 2?, 0.10, 0.25 ed O 18 pcrcenl rcsp.civelv Wh<strong>il</strong>e derse in pe acle vield ol<br />
some crcps like rice g6nddcoftonvs0 73,3.7.nd I I p€rcentresp4tvelvr5r' In cde of<br />
NWFP as we see fton 1ne abole tabls per acr. vield shows o incre& of I 0?' 12 89' 2 ?<br />
ed ? perc€nl in cse of maize, suSdcane. tobeco and jo*& Gorghun) rcspedNelv aid<br />
ddrc.se of2.o, 1.7. ed 1025 p€rcent @cudcd in cs. of wh€at' gran od baja (bdkv)<br />
{lD LlvEs sTocK<br />
Liv6 srocks contribule about 30 pcrc€nl |o CDP ol agric$ue l l percenl to rtE nalonar<br />
CDP ed 23 pdcol to all €xports in Paki3r.nltr. 86id6 b'i'g & inPoidt eKe of n<strong>il</strong>k<br />
.nd m€|, it provide{t drousht pover for vdios agricullMl opmlion nght from the land<br />
pE?sition b thc distostl oflh€ podu.. in thc mdkcl Tne lJwF Egion is €rncd bv iaruc<br />
*'ih clinate &d dvircMot b6t sunins ro r.ding of live slck lt Poss6sed sone of the<br />
r4oglized breeds of live sl@t in Patnsn such 6 t hoi bred of Kohat Achai hteed oi<br />
m<strong>il</strong>tch caltle in Djr, Swat ad Ch<strong>il</strong>nl. F.t l.<strong>il</strong>cd breeds ofHshtiasri dd Michni shep vere<br />
w.U rnown for then nunon, fat dd carpel wool Thin la<strong>il</strong>ed Ddmi sheep were looNn for<br />
iis m<strong>il</strong>i dd Kadmi she@ aor <strong>il</strong>s fi.e *ool.<br />
The live stock popularion oftheotit€ prcvinoe consisted ol7 2 m<strong>il</strong>lion larse animah<br />
(ca le, Bulfales, Goals md shep) b6id€s 3 85 m<strong>il</strong>lion ponlllv bfds h l96osr51 ln 1972<br />
lho nunb€r of lag€ djnals mse lo 9.95 m<strong>il</strong>lion dd ol poultry birds F&h€d 4 93 n<strong>il</strong>lionrir<br />
Thus dlring 1960_72, m incrcNc 38 2 pdc.nl in cse of ldge dinals ed 33 2 terc€nl in<br />
.e of poultry birds t@k plm€ itr NWFP. Thc livesto.k Populttion in PMjab conist'd of<br />
24.15 m<strong>il</strong>lio. larse 4inars 4d 6 44 n<strong>il</strong>lion poulrv bir& id 1960 h i'c6ed ro 27'36 in<br />
c& of large simals &d 8 69 m<strong>il</strong>lion in csc of poullrv birds in 1972r$ ln Punjab a ri$ ol<br />
14.4 in cse ofldge eiruls d<strong>il</strong> 34 9 pdcot in cGc ol poultrv birds @cmed dunng 1960_<br />
?2. Thc tolal pmducdon ofwool in the NWF Egion w4 3 5 n<strong>il</strong>liom pound md d_o$er<br />
107
niuion pound of wool wd imponed fom AfghdisralrJ' tn lhe abseme ofev wool<br />
spiming or lql<strong>il</strong>e n<strong>il</strong>l in tnc Povincc, l6s lh& ooc lcnlh 6lthe ava<strong>il</strong>ablc N s@l qas<br />
cosuned locatly in th€ frdnfetu€ of bl4k.1, nma& (rult dd ordin{v caipels<br />
(iiD FORESTRY<br />
Al the time of indep@dence tlre prin{y for.drv tcsc.rch dd liaining cot€r at Dm Dhun<br />
wenl lo lhe hdid govmenl Patbtar had lo nan fom a scratch md €stabhh Fotesl<br />
College al Psha*d, {bich waF late! on upgladed to the strtus ol laksld Foresl Insll$le<br />
For€st spread ov€r 2.9 perdt olfie total alea of P.kislon in 194? thal ha increased lo 5 l<br />
percdt in 1932 53. Tte aE under aoresl in lhe NWF rcSion exPedcd lrom 2734 squde<br />
n<strong>il</strong>es io 1947lo 362.2 squde n<strong>il</strong>€s in lgS2rJj FoGc cov€red 133 m<strong>il</strong>lion hetd€ or ll<br />
peicdl of $e lolal dea of NWIP in 1968 The prcvince hs lar8€sl pioponion of dea under<br />
l66t in Pakisld About 39 percdt of tb. nalional hdteaS. unde! loEst *6 in NwF<br />
E8ion fld conriibuled 53.? p€tcot oa$. total r.voue aalne codtry Beived frcfr lhe<br />
for6lsro. Main forBts of the r€gion rc Chi-pinc aocs$ tut arc clbsifi€d into {a) .saed<br />
lo6ts of EdipG, Lw€r Kaghan dd Si6. (b) Gllz.E foci of H&ipu.' Situ, GiddarpD.<br />
bwq r.ashd aid Galis. IE mul yi.ld fom Chir-pinc lo6ls vd I 62 n<strong>il</strong>lio$ cubic<br />
fer Moisl ed dry |enprale aodls thd e cls<strong>il</strong>icd !tl!o (a) rsded fo6rs or Kaghd,<br />
Calis md upps Sid {b) Guz.ru aocsl of Galis, Uppcr (agle hwer KaBIe dd sian<br />
Atrual yield ftom rhe* loBts Ns 0.9 n<strong>il</strong>lion cubic lcct D@dd, Blue Pine md Chirfire<br />
foresrs lodt€d in Pojkora vau€y Pn), Kohi6t4, Kalm (s*al). Bu.er, chital dd Upper<br />
TMval pio.inced 4.2 m<strong>il</strong>lion cubic fecl m.lallyid<br />
5.5 Gro€n revolution In NWFP & comPared to oihor prcvince5 or west<br />
With lhe coning of sreed rdlolution rne inconc distibulion 6p@t bame ci<strong>il</strong>ical dd 1here<br />
w6 a dded for enphsis on bett r regional and social balece in lhe dev€lopnenl<br />
pmc€s16':. Aencnllml gro*th ih Wesl Pat<strong>il</strong>ld duri!8 decad€ of 1960?0 has been<br />
inpresive. The aericunre *ctot Srew ar 1.8 percefl per unun in NwF reg'on ln<br />
Pakisle,tbe oe€r all srcsd in lhe production of majbr coFs {as 4 7 p€rot p€r mufr &d<br />
aor lhe ninor cops <strong>il</strong> ws 4.s p.N€nl per aonumi d<br />
The ercxtn vG $d€n mons rhe provi.ccs The Punjab plaved t leade6hip rcle in<br />
th€ .doption of n@ l@hnolo8y and NWFP lagg.d behind in thn t6p4l Beause or<br />
108
dif@ntial 6tes of doption of the green Elohiion l@hnologv in lhe ptuvince of PatGtan<br />
pd (R grc$d ofv&iolscrops s6 difTde rnallde fou prcvinc€s<br />
Table 5.14<br />
the lnod In .grlcuttrnl gfdth, p.ovlnd.l $.o In toLl .grl.utllnl prcducdon,<br />
965 v:r* prc.luct p.. tm srtd For lnnum .nd p.r t n lo tlB p.ouG of<br />
Punj.b and NhIFP dudng l96lt-70<br />
733<br />
522<br />
(r')<br />
112<br />
6.1 l9l 10.9<br />
soure: xuhmfrd ^" Id,. g;!fu 6 t"d'nht '@\ i' q.a Po^ttu' Ph D D'r'. *rtrlgton<br />
th. tabl€ indicltes lhat .ll d€ vdiablB i.e. gbwtn rate lr44 gmss laluc plodncl bolh p€r<br />
l@ worta nd p€r .rop &re vm lowd for NWFP s @n|patld to Punjab dd Palista. 6<br />
The Iroslh w6 due lo &dge efi6t Oringing hore dd FoE da 6d.r culivalio.) atd<br />
treld eF{t (HYv, f.d<strong>il</strong>izss md aSricuXual nehindy). Sevdal f&lo^ have bcen<br />
!€sponsible lor the difa€rential clollh rat6 of agricullue mons $e prolihc€s Resional<br />
vdiaiion in aericullual 8ro*4l h6 d$ appar.d s . Fsult oftne watet ava<strong>il</strong>.b<strong>il</strong>itv<br />
T.bl.5.l5<br />
Th. gc. bglon.l ptodlct3 and GRP 9.r dpd. p.r .nnom h in. pdlnc or<br />
Pal|sL. durrry 106$70<br />
3,7t4 l0,l 160<br />
2l,356 14.8 6t4<br />
Sind 9,80t I l:5 854<br />
169 1.7 455<br />
?.r'a\ F*dtl*r*tt", tlt'|-'t, (lirmb.d: n'!!i.! coE !,h rclo).p-s7<br />
The talle shows tha{ NWFP lagA€d behind lll olhcr pbvircB of W$l Pakisid in boii grcss<br />
109
The spread of srea evolution bhnologies fron 1960s onsard!, tras on lin'ted<br />
*ale in NWIP 6 conped to Indus b6in tgion of Punjab dd Sind Th'rc wqe slons<br />
inlcrpbvincial vtiatios in ado ion of nodd .Sricuhrll inpurs in 1960 The pbvincc of<br />
NwrP bei.g a land of snall l&doMes md faneB halc ftagmenlcd drd unevenlv<br />
disfiibuled ldd':J. The imgalion lat€r comt<strong>il</strong>ut d $e mosl impondt pad of lh€ sPrqd of<br />
wholc 8rn E@lulion kcnnobsv Al ln. cnd of d@adc of l96G $e ir'a irigatcd bv<br />
csah t@hed 15 84 n<strong>il</strong>lion act€s io Pbjtb, vn<strong>il</strong>e in NWFP therc w4 onlv 1 36 nrllDn<br />
acres ceal idcaled area at the smc tinero.<br />
To sun up, $e !€al be.Ith&neb ii agriclltue cd' during thc 1960s Y h 'n<br />
inc@c in the ava<strong>il</strong>.bifty of *atcr, bolh drtlgh dal ed tub' well iniSalio' md the uF<br />
ol new subsidized eeds od fcn<strong>il</strong>izes Amons the prcvinccs, in ?unjab 78 pmenl or<br />
culrivared ma wd inisated wb<strong>il</strong>€ in NWTP 40 perce of cultiYated er was iftisaled"'''<br />
Punjab ws prc
I sri(f ahnud \r*n<br />
;l;;;J;;; ;; i."-..,. ,h. Atr;rn ui'k's ry wdi'rg'onDr' obo p60<br />
iffi <strong>il</strong>**;l ;i;'r.r*;:':s l,*r<strong>il</strong>3r*";'::'i'lll:'igJ .'<br />
".''',-."",' Sh$clld., ahssw. 1939). Ct'ri6 r, Fd ft1, t 65<br />
itrffii.1*ft<strong>il</strong> j"A,,- NOTrJ AND Rf,FERENCDS<br />
ia patu^ chd,E ar.t p,oe're$ te'17?00r' (Llhorc v'igD'dboors'<br />
p'r'b']'c47 )'r ac<br />
:''lk";'*""*.'**n.s,or$o,<br />
i6;ifi;D-;;..;--*nir-*tt'*o v?.r'"r*",t11;!:,?."..',<br />
",,.,<br />
tvqtr Ahmd d R*hd A'q.d ttu Mo'oedat o! Pa6tu z<br />
iH:l'i'*ii:'<strong>il</strong>;J,]i,i,,,,,", o. a^d sR4 - at',.d r \n rp. \'<br />
studi.s, AgriculM lniEBiv Psb!**' 1939) p 79<br />
Liiffiiii+*--*"*b'od6h,'*inw6iPicbn acudd,orh'Eorsmsdon<br />
r*r;l;*t; x**lP,B:.;)""ll5l<strong>il</strong>jn:<strong>il</strong>.;Tll,*: {.iL -.,.' ^'"*."<br />
<strong>il</strong> {l** t ru *lu:m:z;;i#l Pi"f,l':l'r#1T,":r:'i'::'' ...^ "-. ".<br />
,{-,.r.-, rr34 p<br />
". ."1 S-s" xmw oFtr P 13<br />
ii .ii,i*- r.-r',--i Fd Ndndt D'vtopwd<br />
-.o 'xst"<br />
l:'i,llib"., ,,,,,,,,.,, non, of Nd'h ,t.! Frcd., R stoh,<br />
", "."<br />
iriir,lllll,t,'.**<br />
c.mk, i xDclr. Decbs " 1 l<br />
17 A JrEr sdd4', /s4i xrhr <r<br />
ft't-"*" t*L*", ".*" *Nlrioer comi$ion d 'gncurtur' ress' p l<br />
tc srd ALber z:id', o?.ir, P rr<br />
<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>lHi"3''*.,'"<br />
<strong>il</strong> ;;;*<br />
""'"".d-' * b PR'R P,trpo'k ro'<br />
*"i-,.-i.a'"p*"- - t t,ir,';',q; o *"o- * a"-*usc<br />
(psbaw Board of E oiomic<br />
Bdd or E6ffi En{un}, t9?r).<br />
*.,cb"-,^M Clldtrv M $dKn& \'n ^ a HM'InH<br />
iiT ji*r 'a4". .r r.*" "r n; t DAlapn Prcsna tterltoeli tkr'mb'd LG4r Lov'mn'1.<br />
,nd Rurl D.alortrnt {ing, lc30) p12<br />
;ffi;;, i,i;; A;-r* cov@ ot P'tr'^ tbe R'Pon '<br />
195t.!. {Kmcb co!.'lnd Pmng<br />
ioiii * s--. n, p^t; e.i*r/ ,tutui' IndsPubr" ori rco')p?16<br />
o/vrrP.o,\LPro<br />
i:,),*','#;.I1";;',;:Ti:l::?:.fl " T,li'lli'i': <strong>il</strong>,:;;;'l"^"''"','.<br />
11!lfrl?.ffi.-,-,***" i^ N,fFp te,63J0).1p.:,'n:B@dofk*nEqry'u Ydsiiv<br />
lll
2J Mohmd lbnrin B.s, ltdla,ndhr aJa.ldtttr, k<br />
;??,;<strong>il</strong>i"" * *.",", * uun "*d a""r ,'<br />
Inisotur trov ctwz6,(rs]'.ne , PDq l9ll), r.aa<br />
;l fl:'<strong>il</strong>#-. "."- "* ". " onomis ot Fah trur:<br />
Enqu'y, Univ.sity ot Peduvii, 1969), p 19<br />
29 z.H ztidi l.dJ, Jnmh NM,Ftu<br />
3t ^bn|JMtRt hdsltutno'io, ol xvfe edlrv{ sodd of E.tmhi.<br />
J2 Pdu Td ''i r.zj u pj[D tEdl, cd.hdtb of NyFP vot6r<br />
un'6,9 or Pdhtw,2oo7 P.l?l<br />
rr M*i.-a ru'.r'. e.g v-r"" ieti'| ofalricuttt| ir NtrFP' \Pdn wd Bord or ['mmc Enquirv<br />
r! Jifllh prFa op$L P 259<br />
r9cow'lw olNsIP. Y{ b@k r95t.p65<br />
ao<br />
cmpdd<strong>il</strong>c ^kb.r Union .nd Bodd ol Ecomnic EaDiiy, 1973), p 25<br />
s ^h\rd , nnt.E! lat @Ptrdtbn. t ludr ol Nu'h<br />
ret rm,rrr 4,0... (P6luwr srhd<br />
42 Moham.d Ibnhm B.1OP.ir,.P l50<br />
4r z.6ahh, atzlB'@h M a rh<br />
a u"'i'ty ot r".a _",4 A!ti.ti@ cN.tMi ol P'riria R.rol d Ntudt connb'b" M<br />
46 Goffirr df NUT", ve. /9t, P 67<br />
47rn NWFP r.mcy Ad, 1950, s alodi r, pp 216 256<br />
'oo[<br />
riii itn". e-*-t a"'a"w , o/Por6,o' (bhdt: PubrBhduorcd LrD. resr). p 230<br />
ii c.'"i*. w* p.u,." ra"" i,p"' rvar-ar. G,t'.., c"'or*' pndD& r e63)' ! r ]e<br />
"r<br />
rPry.|96]'oP(iqpl]7<br />
i'r].]iij"ii..']:,r-*sra"da.Jd.D'n|nd{bJo|b'nL|hh'i3<br />
, i";,.10r i pd* |,",."".rix*<br />
5d N@l llbn /Fdltura, E o4odt ol N||FP, or.n r't1<br />
n Mohrmd thhnB.c. Iioddl oJ n3n ha^ i r[FP op r o t9<br />
sL tu-, r-t ft"ta /; ",t''-t d,',t'p.<br />
ic i.hib, rqb.r ..d r.h" ^a* Ee<br />
;i;;;ii;;;".-.<br />
c.o4. ^lLi indunvin Lm, 19?l),p rr3<br />
6r Mrm. o! .L pp rM fd sdub! ''i ad:( ot ar' P 3<br />
b4 K B SrF.4 Op !( p 56<br />
ii ru r"gi.+d, ', a:,. **-. &ld B6(i <strong>il</strong>R,1<strong>il</strong>,,r:ltlpf;:" .. * ,,,-,, ., ,",.,<br />
06 NNr klm Allqdlon ot (s<br />
i>-a.p^-, n,a .u-n6wi",, viii, No I ( raMv M{ch reTr ) p 30<br />
'or'<br />
x,fP, (Peshrwr Boird orEcoion'. htutry<br />
EtuNE r^otttt ol Le'a Md sttuw ol<br />
l' drF rs&o'. (P..hrwa. Bo{d or E.oiomtr<br />
,,/r' /, PaIitu stdy eftr<br />
\t1
nPlotmir Ind rh ned ror on Om 'nplolsd' b '!e N!{rP 'n 'be<br />
63 cbe'dry Mlthrmd A.Lm, igt tltwal Dt|.loryut t^d Public Poltcta ||iL\ tP€tot rcIsse to<br />
,ai(.rijr.,. (ljhoi. Izhr s.tu, 1939).p l5<br />
oe hbh. crDi( ' sr3 'nd b.g . 4s4c! tN1t u..houzoLd n ltFFP Cb! r'r<br />
7or.o;^" !!';4 udadbal tu No watFnaR Pa||a\a )e1t-) P<br />
,r cNrJWd d t\\FP. Dnb. ol t'duhot E<strong>il</strong>arrur'?iB 'P.ih!w<br />
d.potun! corffid orNwP, 1932), pr.l-27<br />
r , (nrid B. s.Fed. op .,1 p.57<br />
7a Dn€b4 ol trdsttol Eda6hlhdd6, OP .ir, PD l5J0<br />
79 szljba :d Ad'a op.ci! Pl5<br />
3, cN.m;i ;rNv,TP. tr@'@i tnq ord ou' l"ot ol NttFPleT t 72. P I<br />
3]say€d'oD.ci|'.!lu<br />
t s";..d d( p ir, ."r xi'.li ^ui. Pbbt r rldd.,beid Pt\,re r t'lFP {Iisrid' 6f D'v'ropnnr<br />
sbdh, ^c'iculNc univ*ity Pst d, 19901t t<br />
35 Mih-ddr Alt oF cir. p.r7<br />
ao zi' ^l t t ly. d"i.,t-"- *., "dplormit ud $. r.d rd or lid 'dnlo)@d r rbe NVFP Ite<br />
P't\ttu DetMt R4i4 tt . NiM t9t2. P ct9<br />
it M- M N; ."d s.'*d. zd ^rrrllrr, onrad Eqtqdt It tt. bdh v?! rwn4 ho4q4 4I<br />
s! Ibd, e a, vdlmd Ah.l. a"--s h Porsd. rl.l.'!t d: P.lnb Aod.nv or knM rcTr) p r0<br />
cr sr, Q*b',:Do-m .* o, ind. md i,brr Fkv rd rEru<br />
D'Erqi.' xoa vot. dy, No. l&4 ( altM.wi.Er, ,tt5), D.170<br />
q M.s',b.;i.H;. ,1" &-!E q/&,dE Pta"ts a .e 'tud\ ot P.rs<br />
ca :Im; He l(}& fte Eodnt at oM adttnot ir Polr\br' (N.* Yolk: ftad PubrsheE.<br />
95 Gr,v.l1md of wd P.rj3r4 wllit P$., 196144, p9.l0.4l<br />
q ldu dr r tdlno PBhNr.
ppb"63<br />
ii;;;',i<strong>il</strong>;:r ff"iii; iiii"e,ii,i*J;';;"*" . p"r,.," D s'h(1 tl 4h<br />
';.P 'nd<br />
ii"*ir-a, i; o;*tp"-, - a,.s,,r" I -d Pd""", H"-r-" p<br />
'ro 'i<br />
iiffi; ;"i;;:D:i;i;h;rsupp.nof smr F,*<br />
i.l*c.-tu,n-*a-l re32.,studv*16No1r)D r3<br />
r 2 vrq.r Ahd md Rahid Anird, op cr, p r24<br />
ij '"'Jii i,.i".,-r..u;". o"';; q;" d -,"r!"38'd"t"<br />
; p-*;;;;.;" c-*" or i'lDs D. ndF w bPb /od.' '0 DD )er 2s3<br />
i; a.*;; d p't's". a^,'*"' c?46 IeTr' rrbh {. pP r01 rM<br />
ia;^;,!d, *-ia*,' mlfdndNr' 1006) PDa<br />
E atunt oJ NtrFP. opcit,9 toz<br />
;l; ti#1":'1'-*'#"fr?.i;H i: : :rt_,:::".,i::tlT":: :i;:i,*;;: i",1", ;f "'<br />
pmdudpo 'd dE P,kEn Pu4,b D rhr roJml or D.-kl'prd' Jtoda<br />
t)o MuhrMd Al'ch'udtut Ind Md<br />
ititi*i+,.*,,*,* "<br />
rl;.m;:-4n *",:m,m'r#['l'l'iff -- ffi'J* Y,:ir,l*l:iffi:1<br />
o'sMnoB dd PiN.k fou&ric<br />
Li s"d* R- Ah,-d Khrn Ar(Irtu. ol Pikison. chall.Dg.r and R.ftdi{i (bhoft [iwon<br />
lJ6 Phmrq cdm$'on, covmfl orPrrnh<br />
l3't Pluq colmsiotr Gov.Mt ot Prkdun.<br />
rk s@^tt Fiv rdt Phr, t!60,P t36<br />
rtuTh FD. tud. Phr,1965 Pao5<br />
iii *i f oi*r r"*, v*r'--tod dd Rdr dctrop"* d P tr<br />
iiii i p-iiiii e"*i' q n,a r.E/@d, (Lrhod: v"sd:d Be* (Pq) t'd re31rp65<br />
. Ee$dt sw ot trrFP, tel t oe ti\ P 5'<br />
i,ir ri.t"".a n^- *r''" n r-o;t ot cn.a R@tuna' n Polatd<br />
i.'riir.J ""*xr'.. r,.*-"4" a! La Rturd a' n P-t'n4 op \'P2i2<br />
t43 B.a M\hamananolas utue<br />
i"i i,i..-*. rmr"; u." r* r- tuF, ott4\tra^t \tF R4to4 oan oq<br />
La5]!mlhLd,sn.!/lldlElaaoqv",!,FPo,fl''Pp9c|or<br />
r 5 | cbui$4 Ad:n o! (i\ Pkar r<br />
l5)lbid,pn1<br />
rsrper.i.p---is"r"" rpp"" ia r.nmbrd PAR' r"3a' p63<br />
l14 NNIkhc {xn.;/kdl E on"sI o! N*FP op
5r c.l.dr€d tror C.Mr ot P.\it n ,lErtahwot cww @gnl'd'rot P*itu ctnss<br />
'9d0<br />
Amdm vol. l t (wd Pd..b), (Krth:, 1961,. pD ll5 116<br />
'ifr iiii*, "i'p'r,.*,.,";t"-t c;^ oiatur, P"L"@
CHAPTER 6<br />
Ag colrnrd D.vclopmrt tr NWFP d!dr8 rfG80<br />
Thc d...d. ol 1970. w tuLd b, cxo!.M8 ,h@b An r dE .Nlftnt olone Unk<br />
of W€t P.li.bn 6 ,uly l, l97O $. old toviB of Pu.j.b, Sind B'luchith<br />
'nd<br />
Noin wqn Fmdd Ptui@ vw Ecdtd- ln 6tu af !.p{Lti6 Pujlb *a dE<br />
1.4$l @ F.e!i!g ?1.8 n<strong>il</strong>lid (56-? Frat) ot tb. ioltl popd'ti6 of P'lbb<br />
follN.d ty Sind wnn ll,5 n<strong>il</strong>lio (22-? FG.l). NWFP widr l0l n<strong>il</strong>lion (15-6<br />
Fqr, !n B.lkhirr.n h.vin8 L? n<strong>il</strong>lio (5 F6O dlvr' Th..nnulnhl s"<br />
follo*rd by s.!@plEa ol g!ftdl @mnic uFtdnq q!&d bv dt g6ion of<br />
Eq. P.tdlt n in D..dhd l97l, At& 0E Fin ow.d 1973 *E l[. v4 or b'd<br />
lsL, be.ue P*i!m w Lcing . wB*i& t.dion Nd . Jt ! ri* in tlE o<strong>il</strong> !m@<br />
by OPEC a. hb 19?3, *!ich ou&d dlE itr llF Fs of fcn<strong>il</strong>iz.E ud ooF .gticultdl<br />
i.pdr. Th. droql ! in l9?2 & l9?4 h.d.d $c ndq cop6, In 1973 197'lrd 1976<br />
noods d.m8!d $. sF p.tdcuLny co{d cro? in Pu!j.b. Dtfts 1975'77 .rciw<br />
dnf.ll . l crlp p6l! dan$.d th. @noi ctop:,<br />
Th. &..& of l9?or is divid.d inio two eiFiodt O)l l97l-?7) mtrlv dq.d bt<br />
sovffint of Z,A Bhutro (2) (19??-80) f<strong>il</strong>st lhE y6 of a. m.n hw Fgift<br />
6l ZA Ahtro d (l9l-t7)<br />
rh. d*k?r6r Dolici6 of pE dina Ar!u! 8ov@ (1958-69) hrd p@lcd rIE<br />
Drieirh ol tumridl incqdity @mng $ for initi.l sF*d! 5.m d.3t4 of @hl<br />
in qu.litt w ne.gry. Asiculot s e s i'd$tri6 htd *itcsd eord lre*llt<br />
nE dudng lh ttui6. BrS ..t|E ofDtBFst PoviM of Punj.b .td Sitd oFd th.<br />
b.ncn6 of .grqhml &EloFlMts, Sib<strong>il</strong>tly a eql.d tv l|rc H.ry.rd .dvi!.rt otr<br />
twcrhid of $c &eb @ld by som lpotstld 'P.ldsrn Indudri.| D.rcloFsrt<br />
Col! ndo (PIDC) duing Aydb Eaift. Gc b.o8ht bv bp 20 fm<strong>il</strong>i6r.<br />
'nduEi.litl<br />
Th.Pltist nP..dcPtdytno@miniinloFwPbpo6d.d!5t .lvlhtles<br />
wnn ol<br />
diff.mr f<strong>il</strong>n F.viN n<strong>il</strong>ibty Egim. Fd PPP Sovffdt 6Mic Srolrh<br />
si.l i6!$dErl *u n6iigh$. X dstlt . thrn in dF !xi.!ns d.*lopoddl<br />
dt aai6 .rd wsiad lo Ed@ th. q<strong>il</strong>rins ci.l iFqDditv<br />
z A Bhutb .@{ft.d $. nxi@littioo of t2 b4p lniB of an bsac <strong>il</strong>dutti4<br />
lit ion dd 'l*1, buic ml!l., harr .nSingir& hql? .ldtric.l mod wnicht<br />
mclor plslr l*rvy.td brtic clEtrioh. c.@( P.!@hcnic.lt St ind o<strong>il</strong> EfMi6
ir Ja' 1972. A ,@r l.l.r, shippins, o<strong>il</strong> disFibltion, rcsebblc o<strong>il</strong> cnd even sBin niuing<br />
and 6tlon ginnine iotu6di.! wr. tlk n ovd by SovmmcDt.<br />
Govemal of PakGbn Peoples Psnt dlso inloduced l.bor policv i! Feb 1972,<br />
*hicb linei ar c8llatin8 dE hbor b.hlvior Th. polioy pFvided respecllb<strong>il</strong>itv aid<br />
hgni6.cy lo hhm in i$ dsling wnh tho manaScncnl. Il pD ded rhe re8ulolory<br />
necn.nisn d rdosnized <strong>il</strong>e righl of labor lo sllitc. Il e@urlgcd labor and<br />
llDmsenent ta sek odjudicttion in $e l.bor coun. Also <strong>il</strong> e.surcd matsial b€nef<strong>il</strong>s fd<br />
l$or lite Fisins lh€ii shdr€ in proni fixins ol thcir nihimum Ndges. prlmenl or bonus<br />
and old aB! peruion, prcvidins lic m.dicll rnd ii.. .duoalion rot th.n ch<strong>il</strong>droa<br />
Trr public secttr was .xt nd.d and t lrbor supply po8r.n was mlved wirh<br />
Middle E s1€m conntn.s foi inprorcn. of .nplorr.nt situdion fie polcv nEde a<br />
favonbl. inp.ct on Mtio@l ecommy, pankul0rly on rh. nFl stot At 've6ge 2l<br />
m<strong>il</strong>lioo wo&€c, 63 Frcsnt ol which b.lonsed io ruml .Eas, weto setina in ditlered<br />
olnties of Middle E"51 in nid 1970s. Th. Eni8.tucs ron dEs wo*m r*hed<br />
12:13 n<strong>il</strong>lion in 1930 rhst w .qul to colndy s rot l6pon 4mi.3 lnd wo*cd ont<br />
.r loper ol dc 10Ll GNP ofd. @unEl. Th. innow of Esioes b ine dnl lrs<br />
v@ I l.3r|] n<strong>il</strong>lion .r rh. $ft tim, whicn s4 cquiv.l. to.bout 20 p.tmr orrh.<br />
robl asriculosl out pul of llE @unFy ld tl|.r y€ra. Thcs miutiG w€€ dE rojor<br />
$uEe of ircorc of runl ho*hold in NWFP ed Punj.b<br />
Along vitt tic awhrcn of *ortcd mi;rcs ;d L4._$.L MtimliatioD<br />
of rhe indltlri.l slo( 6 h.v. n nlioD.d 3lddy, rh. Gov.mdl devrlued rhe cuftrcy<br />
(rnp€€) by 56 Fe.Dt in M.y 1972. Thc ddiion of dcvllution of rh€ curcrcy ond<br />
lbolition of $e inpon lic.ne &lEn rnd nultipL .rch.nge mles afr*ied borh<br />
indusrirl inverhdt lnd rhe tms of lnd. b.t*d thc i.dGtri<strong>il</strong> tnd agriculhEl<br />
slm. Duc to nucft ligt pricc8 of ihpotun mschincry pnvlt in<br />
ncdium slle industi6 divdd b 3mll sl. induldi$ .nd b @l esllt. vhcE .he<br />
ris* ofmlionalialion wei€ lhoueh nuch tmrll.!. Public scchr inve<br />
in @pibl-i.bnsire b.sic induseies. D*cluetid h!6 favorable inpdclx m rsricultuml<br />
seclor .lsD by inproving <strong>il</strong>5 tem of b!d!t<br />
Smn ifier bkin3 orer lhe gov.mmonl, Ille PPP eovohme d.d !o bring about<br />
Efom in asicultuft shcture'Ih. pric.soflsricultoftldommoditieswcft lowe'ed and<br />
reduoed to less rhan wond bvel, qh<strong>il</strong>e tho* oi f.n<strong>il</strong>izers were tdised 3o a larce na6fer<br />
of Nt resurce lrcn asd.uhuc t
'lis[ibutio! ofFsticides A Q!.r6 im Acl !s prcndgatd in 19?6 to k"P rne counlrv<br />
Iie iom tbe int dlclio orpets ud diss!<br />
ln ru$l d{ ol Plkkbn s<strong>il</strong>l md.commic Elalims evolvc nund rIE contsol of ltnd<br />
bidlodr nompoliad sial povs in rhe fldl $en|c Pakish has a hiShlv skd'd<br />
prllem of lmd disnibutim. Ttlo in.d.q@v of I959 ldd Eiod pFYided justificition lot<br />
a downward Evnion oi lmd ownmhip €<strong>il</strong>iq<br />
The Aov.mc.r mo@.d dE Lnd Flore esublion of 1972 (Manial l'w<br />
Rasnlnion No 115) on Meh ll, I9?2. ln rht el ol Ffms, the ce<strong>il</strong>ins wa dcfitud<br />
bofi in tem ol toa lnd poducc ind* unn! (PIU' At individual var 'ntitled ro own<br />
or pcsss 150 .cEs irigated d 100 ,es un_idgltd l?nd (ore 'cE ol iFi$Gd ltnd<br />
beins eqtrri.d b nvo icres oa nn_iFigted land) or an o@ 'qDiEl6t b I t 0m Prus h<br />
sddirion,I,OOOPIUSof lddw.rcallowqllootrnesof tubo*€Usortsdo!o!hoth' Thc<br />
e<strong>il</strong>ing pFvision wG tllo appli4ble ro €liBious, ch{ibbl' and edualion'l sdieti* and<br />
h6rs. .r€piins only univeEitics €sblishcd tt hv.<br />
The originll Regulatid qas aoeddei id 1971, dnd lh€ ce<strong>il</strong>ing *as Edtrced !o<br />
l2,ooo Pbdlc. Ird.x Unis, pl$ 2,000 PIU3 .s a tub. welk ot hcror supplemelt Th'<br />
idFhn<strong>il</strong>y lt.d ts|Nld wG tllorcd up ro . ruiNn of 14 000 Prui pbvdcd n r6x<br />
plac. betwq Mirch l. 1967 tnd D.mbd 20, 197l All tansfeD ifiq d* Itsr datc<br />
werc delitd void A linit oi IO(J a@s w.r stt on the la ror civ<strong>il</strong> &ni s exept<br />
$oe wno gpr n |llsu€! inn rinF The ii rarv paon*l wee 'xmpcd fron ors<br />
provniodiw.<br />
tn order ro pftve de prccnplive hnste' ol laodl all landown* weE tqltcd<br />
ro slbmit .leclastion in ce ltEv pM*d l.nd in qcd oi l2 o0o PtUs ( 100 ocB lor<br />
civ<strong>il</strong> @nls) h.iwm M!rchl, 1967 and Dc'€nter 20, l9Tl Thc govemcnt<br />
rcsum.d <strong>il</strong>E land owd bv mv onc in exoe$ of dis ce<strong>il</strong>inS w<strong>il</strong>h out compcns Dn ro lhe<br />
osncr. blr $e choic€ of land b & Edin d *.s left b tE owner The tolal 'fto resum'd<br />
in dF counEy mdcr thes €foms % onlv I 3 n<strong>il</strong>lion! lcEsr'z' ln No!'nb€r 1975'<br />
sowmnent announc.d thol de smoll lodowne$ oMing qp lo l2 sEi ol imcaled or 2s<br />
icFs or un'inig|t
In Dc.nbd 196, 0E sd.mdt .I@n d . N.ri@l ChrEr fq tlF F$B<br />
dd rMs. As<strong>il</strong>ins b dE ch.et crloE.bl. wlg.Lnd @ disibur'd to@s tl*<br />
Ld.ld F.$!t Th. l.d @@d unLr r9?2 .'d 1973 Efdni m di*ibuad wnh<br />
d* fotlowi4 priditica. Th. tt@cd ltld ftadv utdd oltindd bv d!' t'tul! $'!<br />
distibur.d.nus 06 w<strong>il</strong>h dl xy ch.4$ 09 m<strong>il</strong>lid D@ ldd F$m'd a<br />
d<strong>il</strong>tih|t d dong 76,OiD pasit ri iE €m.d hn' nor culri{lcd bv dE L m5 w$<br />
diiribu&d with oul .ny chrrp, .fug d. Md d mv orhd p.ls w<strong>il</strong>h thc holdi4s<br />
of ls .hs dF rutaititE cit (12 5 .cG) io uPgnd. dEn individul holding! Th'<br />
.F c$n&d nm Nhtib, Jrll,ry,r,litrlocr tnd tnd fffi.rd tudr of Eligiou<br />
.rd chdii$L iNdtutiff ,4 !o bc !&d .t d. disr.tid oa dE !pt@l T16<br />
L!4r@ldt L!!.
pdirioncd, if sucb ! pannioD D$lbd in hnd *gn nls dEr *@ lc<br />
econonic holding However t bolding s! ld be rl ie noled lieelv'0<br />
Besides land Eloms the pri*s oi astiouhn6l' producls inPoved sead<strong>il</strong>v<br />
sub.sidGs oD aBricultunl Dpu6 cmti cd Tb. subsidv ro asncu!turc (wr!tr' len<strong>il</strong>ia<br />
dd cEd,0 inc@d iu 3lm<strong>il</strong>lid in I9?o_71 io l?66 n<strong>il</strong>lion in l93o' Tohl<br />
subsidi6 p'oyid.d ro agrictrle d[jng 19?5-84 w@ 14 314 n<strong>il</strong>lion". Meh.niati""<br />
ircraed rl r mpid rar. The cEd<strong>il</strong> als<strong>il</strong>abihy incMs.d fron Rs 0 ?3 ps acre in 1969-<br />
70 to Rs.33 per aci. in l98orr 'nt large landos..n bm€fibd ftom lhc polictes as lhev<br />
had m.kebble surplus .nd hod the ab<strong>il</strong>ity and Esurces to use rh. @w inputs" ln<br />
NWFP, 90 p€rcenl of rhe pr.valml fom sia wls belo* subsisft. lrcldi4 so lhe<br />
b.n fits ollh. Sov.mmofs d€FculMl inpuls rnd credir subcidv ProEEm hlve ecred<br />
io ir ve.y I* as coop.Fd b Punjab and Sind, which h.d beftr ad<br />
(i<strong>il</strong>) Esmnlc P.rrorm$c.<br />
cn{nh ftnds ol $e eonony could be is*$ed f.n the peifomance of Gros<br />
Doneslic Plodlcls (CDP) co.sisline ol 3sn.ulture, indNlrics od *wic.s sedor' GDP<br />
gm*rn de wos 4 22 !.r r|:|M dunng l9?O'?7' Shee ot lSncuhl$ rcroined 16<br />
p€@m in thc rohl cDP d€spn€ 67 pecd of ltE bial popnlatjon d!'g.ftnt in<br />
agicultoE slo. dlnng 19'70 ?5':?. TrE gowdi 6lc ofiAgricultuft slor du;ng dF<br />
d@de or 1960s was not sustained in lhc l97os tnd tne a!.ul ss*lh r'L iell lo I ?s<br />
percent per antun during 19?1_7? Ri.e 5nd whcar croPs showed sbddv inoEase dunng<br />
In l9?l-72 Dlblic dd privaL in*stndts in the induslriol ecbr looed ?<br />
p€'@t and 9l P.en! EsFcriv€lv of th. lobl inv€sh€'r in $k sbr tn 1976''<br />
public invesddl @hai ?l p€Eent and piivltc int4tlenr d4lincd io 29 p€renr of<br />
iobl inveshcnl in i uthial scbl, L!r8. $!lc nanufacbnns sector srcw<br />
bv 191<br />
percdnt pcr annun during l 9?0_?? snal!$!I. industies prc8Fsd bv 7 04 percenr pd<br />
annun ar rlE emo tid.ro<br />
d.2 Flr.i thK y.s ol zir r.gln 0977_80)<br />
(i) hblic polcy<br />
The period of M. rl lt* tsin qs nol m.*cd bv dv dnm'ric tolicv thit ero$ rhe<br />
*hole dmonic rctlm like his flEdecc$or' Al fi$r, his fomulalion of'conoDic policv<br />
vas renhlive lnd rcconnodaii4 He has trbined sone ofsocial policid md exprnded<br />
public rcle, wh<strong>il</strong>e @tuming bool lo nore lib€tdl indusErtl lnd ftde polioica' The privaG<br />
scbr one b&k in alhr .rd a fanly anncdve strucbE ol fi*'l and non_li$€l
imndE q@ ri.dolv ..@h'Ld in odd ro F!D.& FihL itrGMn in i'd!5ttv<br />
Th. mr imDdrr of |!. i@miE |h.1 l@ otr Fd ro dE pnE& slor e! lh. fi<br />
bolidry inh{tucrid in MNII l9?8. H. opEd lor tld &nlidliztdon A Nnhd ol<br />
!sDh.r.d .nd 'Mll qs<strong>il</strong>Fin3 indld<strong>il</strong> *@ d.dtidliz.d in S.thb.r l9??r'<br />
nE fljor h.llsd( of lts policy ss dE initi.tin ol 6. p!t4 of klaizrrid in dE<br />
dn[y's c@lmi rt*0rF, A @ diNNitr ehich dtflc.d w dE c@it!t6l b<br />
ttLsiz.tid of @i.in 6(nbnic Fedc.n c4ei.lly dF hrdlin3 of cldit i.ur6l lnd<br />
A mjor Flicy shin ii d ! pdiod w itr Lsr of Fiw& dr*.tt ftt itrFc lik<br />
3cd!, fai<strong>il</strong>iz.n od D6.ictu . lhrl misht h.E .lLviiEd !o|lwh.t tL pobl.m ol<br />
imffi.imy fron whach .b. public eior dintibotid ryr.9| ofi.Ed<br />
h oly 19?7, . l.d oecshh e<strong>il</strong>ing *s Mr.r rd$cd 10 l(x) .@ of iD8|Ld .nd<br />
200 rc of M-iri!|rod L . TIE Fon.d Lld wu lo b. !.q!n!d fiw hdlotd d<br />
!.r@r ol mnFFlid of R!,30 pd Pru. ar @ of l 8 m<strong>il</strong>lio dc6 u3 @n d<br />
urid rlE 197 Acdr. O ofll* t ol Eluncd hi u'na |977Acl09n<strong>il</strong>lidesmt<br />
di$ibur.d iMg 13, l,l3 F@D'. I!. lwD.d h.d w diiribo0cd fiE otdv c.c<br />
Dd8ld!r! j'd F.sn,<br />
lnp{t !r
covemal ifi.duccd Cotid cipon sblidias in 1979-80. sbce N\WP w6 sr<br />
p$ducins qpotuble 6tur s rh. Dcw sDbsidica $'lblly sully weni b Pu.jab ed Sind<br />
The number of bb. *.lli rnd hdos co@ulivcly rc* fron 16l,210 alld<br />
?I,OOO in 197710 20?,810 dllI, OO0 in 1982. Si;<strong>il</strong>arli de us 6f ld<strong>il</strong>ia increasd<br />
fton 0.7 n<strong>il</strong>lior nunieDt lons in l9?7 to 1.4 m<strong>il</strong>lio. nulri.hl toN in 1932 such an<br />
inc@s hrs b€6 tEde Dosible lhrcugt thc mssive inflow of forcien @ibmes<br />
sunmins 600 lo 7()() n<strong>il</strong>lion US $ innutlly durins lhis p.riodro.<br />
(t<strong>il</strong>) Ecomnic perrormn..<br />
An trPtu Euftd in *nonic aorivities duiing th. penod 19??_30 Sone ti'vor$le<br />
lac1o6 suct as hisler Enift$ps from PakisLnh wo&ns abrdd and flvorable w€lher<br />
for crops heh€d. nE .cotomy Es"ond.d by rchi.vins high.r 8rcwth mtes {d sdd<br />
pdfomrnce in some c.iticsl r6i such as .xpon d nd fod produc tion GDP rose bv 6. l 6<br />
p.iml pcr annum dunry lhh p.riod. GbN,lh nt of lSriculhrE sto' wa 4 03 pddt<br />
p€r mum. Ll(ge-sle mruf&tudn3 gEw by<br />
? 58 Frar p€r mm due io th. mlximun ul<strong>il</strong>itrion of lh. idle crpaciry Smllsl€<br />
irdusLi6 rceisbr€d grc$rh nt o1 7.04 p.cnt !.r rMum S.Ricd sbr eP 7 08<br />
Frdr per amlnrr. Patistar qt Mt d.bt lwlEd ust 37 b<strong>il</strong>lion ar tt* end of<br />
d.3 Ednomy of lh. No.th Wert Fmdd Porlt.. durhg l9Datl<br />
Th€ pbvincirl gowtmal of rcsly astotd pbviM oa NWFP in 1970 dirred wirh tb€<br />
dencns 0145.5 n<strong>il</strong>tion ofapcndi$c ov{ EwN.r'. Th. poviMc situe lda €alrded<br />
s deficn. Tlr* prin@ly sbLs of Dn, Swrt lnd Chital hlvc be. mersed in \lwFP ;<br />
July 1969, mder rhe tuwly .sLblishei MaLklnd division. h add.d io the ffMncial<br />
poblens alBdy faci.e rhe psrinc.. Malik nd div<strong>il</strong>ion consisliDg of sw , Dn, chitsal<br />
od M<strong>il</strong>alrnd potecLd aE., In M.l.t!4d agncultu@ w$ lhe nos Ple-doftmnl<br />
sonomic adivny rnd 75 D.rc.nl oi thc *orking populaig. was encaged in rhk slot<br />
T06l cullivaled aEa of rhe province w$ 4.62 n<strong>il</strong>lion rcEs (9 05 pdcenl of the lohl<br />
cultimr€d afta or !akisi,n). { out ol4 62 niuion ercs <strong>il</strong>d dreo in NWFP 0 6r diuion<br />
N€s or 154 peFenl of the frm.r* w$ in Molakand In Malikt.d,53 pcrelr ol rhe<br />
tohl fam .re. w* irigrted. wnett and mi4 w@ m.in crcps $w. on 77 peFenc<br />
cuhivated aB in rhis eBion.. Thc 0nrl8rm.Gd Egion was rich in iiuit odhaids<br />
Fisbedcs, Ior€sry and li*3tdk h!v. frvdabl. pbsp€ols in rh€ r€gion ldustiallv lh.<br />
diviim v6 oN of tlE m6r bick*rtd rds in tn. provirc;.<br />
The mul $bvalion lla
w* s hi8h that lne det't li.b<strong>il</strong>iy of tne !rcvituitl Bov€lmal o. Juft 30- l9?0 stood ir<br />
Rs. 9,46? d<strong>il</strong>lion d€e<strong>il</strong>e toolo d€blMne ofi in 1960 and Egular rcpavned ot inLE(<br />
a.d pf,noipl€ when it iell due'r.<br />
Thc grcs Esr@l poducls otd. NWFP povince w.E v.lni4 Rr 3714 d<strong>il</strong>lion<br />
6 mpdr€d b Rs.21356 i<strong>il</strong>lim of Plnj.b GDP Dd c.pib p.t .llllm 96 Rs 360 in<br />
ll !\'FP !! @np6E io Ps.6l4 i. Punjib. o( of tu l7l4 m<strong>il</strong>lio. 8r!$ Egioml Poduct of<br />
NIWFP, Rs.143O o<strong>il</strong>lim (40 Fq€d) wd qonLibu@d bv ogricuhurc in l97oa The<br />
incre.se in grcss provincitl pmducl w$ nat h.d bv lh€ nae in popuhtim lteEio@ rhe<br />
p€r op<strong>il</strong>! iEd. €mh.d low.<br />
fi.E w6 no pbp.t otcaiation for 0E Dldnins tnd mtntS.nal al povincitl<br />
lev.l. A numb4 of olhq frtlrdi.s idded lo lhc complexitv of situarion' In lhe pivate<br />
sctoi, th.E was no policy Pdck Ae fo. encourdginA the laeAin! rceions The effons of<br />
peyincial gowenr b sc@ an edge in llldtioN and its clrim for lager sh'E lin<br />
<strong>il</strong>s dcrclopMl poanm *c s!@6r!l TlE Natioml.E onomic CN<strong>il</strong> daidcd in<br />
l97l-72 !o raisc lhe siaE of provin@s in dt cfftal divisibl. P@l iion 65 p.rconl lo 30<br />
p€cnfr. Ite sha€ ol NWFP ws ni*d fion 14.2 perc€nl to 16.2 tercen! of thc<br />
allcabl. p5n of tne ADP. l. NFC r*ard of 1970 lnd l9?4 sh.re ofPunjabwas565<br />
p€crt and 60.25 Fcnt lnd she of NWFP ws 15 5 Fcd .nd 13 39 pcrenl ln<br />
lgSl Punj.b b€cin sutDlu, pbvincc along with Sind vh<strong>il</strong>c NWFI €ceived Ev'nue<br />
d€6cn srant of8o7 n<strong>il</strong>lion'<br />
As i resDI ol Sour Gtolution in Af8n nislo in 1979, rhe m's infllr ol ner<br />
about 2.5 F<strong>il</strong>lion Afghm Ealgps ido dE FovinE turrh.r rggbvar'd $e eommic<br />
conditioB ud ha'f brrd.n Nss placed on dc eci(Hononic.nvimmdr, Elatng io<br />
the prolhion of food, wdter, helth and educalion fac<strong>il</strong>ities in de povince Bcsdes<br />
suity pobl.d, lh. p.erc. of o ldse Nnb€' of Alsn n r'tusFs xer rffdlng<br />
ptFic.loviDmot olthc pbvie nE Ef!86s dmint.d rhe lel b{sin's bdlue<br />
of rheir w<strong>il</strong>liqr.$ lo olLr nlch b.t@t lnd chcap flica Dle lo pEsu€ on rcal<br />
na.k€tth.prioesorihsofdt<strong>il</strong>yDebs.,ndLtf,poorle.lpopulalionsuifercd"'The<br />
fisal powcd of lh€ porinc.s of NWFP .td Bal@hGlan w'E verv Un<strong>il</strong>ed and rhe<br />
EvenG rhcy cd nort<strong>il</strong>i4 fDn in€n M i$urc6 6lMd.quic io nee( rht Llt of<br />
daeloDn .r. B@@ of rh. hGbridlly hBh iNideE of pove'iv, namw and lioired<br />
€source bds tiey w€re iininoing fw€. rh.n 20 teEe ol their develoPncnr rnd non<br />
development .xpendituos ed nrve dificlltv in fimncing their developmenl 'nd<br />
snli.l sial wic6 Pre8t n tnd alied o. all@ti@ lren rhe center fd Eg)on<strong>il</strong><br />
{t€rcloptuni Th€ @nrer pEa.rEd ro all@L fundr on *tor vist baris kepin8 in ssr
pohrial ot d* sror b contibutc lo the dcvclopmc.t. E!e'y thing de wN givci<br />
sond.ry impotune. Mortover tne backwdrd r.gioN rhoved poot grcl1n ralc koaus.<br />
ofpoo! cEd<strong>il</strong> absoative capsity and imdequltc infnslructuE od wak cred<strong>il</strong> deliv.ry<br />
(6in) lnd$trtrl d.v.lopb.nr<br />
Ar d. rin. ol disolution of On Unn th. indutni.l sror was ore of$c werl.n &cbu<br />
of th. doDmy oa }IWFP. The d.joi induri.s of dE pdvine N@ su8at, rc{ij.,<br />
robsco, lruit plcs<strong>il</strong>s ed cmj.s, lol *tc sd meLl Dtlducrs<br />
In 1970 rhee weE<br />
l5l w.ll{st blisH indEE al trnirs in NWFP invoFng a bhl apir.l oa & t62.5<br />
iiuiof0 Th.s induLi6 @ ehployiry l7,0OO wo!16 tuking les ln.n 2 t rcnl of<br />
10101 civ<strong>il</strong>ir. labor llre of PalftLn Totll conrtibulion 6y large and nedium $e<br />
lndusrrial s{to! was Rs55O n<strong>il</strong>lion hoidly iomiig 3 per..nt of the tolll vdlu. ol<br />
industlidl oul pur in Plnslld"'.<br />
Sa ad SoaU IndDsEes Detlopndt Bstd (ssIDB) was eslabli,hed bt the<br />
govcm.nr in July l9?2, which wos contrcllcd by a bGd of eortnors. dnrn bolh lon<br />
Dublio lnd p.ivaE stos. Thc m.in objdtiw! of this boatd ftE pndtnlv b dewloP<br />
3roll and @rt3g€ irdffiis by poviding hinin8, des io banl l@Ds and inft-rsrmtuR<br />
frc<strong>il</strong>iti6. Th.ft ftE abo 9 indudial6bLs in NwT?. Th. Nnb€6 or hining ent s<br />
Nn by SSIDB iN@*l tm 14 in l9?2 to 35 i. 19355'?. Cow'rumr orgsiztion such<br />
as thc lndusrid davelopnol B.nk of Prlisbn oDBP), lne smau lndu.lrior<br />
Dcv.lopnenr B@d (SIDB) and the Prliskn lndnsbal ctdn and lnv€stmcnr<br />
Corporalion (PIcIc) ser€ helpful in extnding loans fo! industial delelopfient IDBP<br />
irciaed it disbuBenenr ofloim fros R6.14 miUion in l97l io Rs.49 miuion in 1935"<br />
Th.lo.ns snclioned by PICIC os fon Rs.2l.4 h<strong>il</strong>lion in l9?l to RslT n<strong>il</strong>lion in<br />
1985. Th. SIDB, rh€ rnmci* ol smll busiG$, lunLd inwsEmnr ro rhe toft ol Rs.2 6<br />
m<strong>il</strong>lion i! t9?5 ed Rs.6 niuid in 1933-.<br />
Q!6tioN of mFndw bmks&drc$, Esiodl di$!ri9 in imm. .nd rh.<br />
,cd for vidc sp@d di+eel ofplblic inv.stndr ws agibtitrg the ninds or the Dcoplc<br />
of lh. povim of NWFP. The din stllclut ol indDsry iD,N]IIFP sa basic ous of low<br />
61. of u.blniarim in OF poviG. Th. mlo of ubaniatio. srood al 15 p.(cnt lgriGt<br />
28porce tor P.kisld d. whoLsr<br />
The inv€s[nenb by w61 Patttrt Induslial Developnenr Corp.ration (wPlDC)<br />
we@ dcrrcr and it nas eccred nine unufaoluring un<strong>il</strong>s involving caPittl cosl of 82<br />
miuion since <strong>il</strong>s inceplior in NWFP.J6 i
Th. povinc<strong>il</strong>l sov€lmal sare top pnori9 to spdits up developn &nvity,<br />
inpovins tb. budsebiy pGition md Eslving dE .*tins .mmic isc. Irt<br />
soyeme pEvid.d in6ri€ lnd f.c<strong>il</strong>iriG ro.douEae dd bckup inw3nre.t by<br />
famm, i'dGri.lisb dd busi*s@n. Alihesn nw. tutrial for lgricult'N aDd<br />
n<strong>il</strong>Enl blsd indu6ti€s w@ in abund.r in N\VFP, 31iI ir l&kei mc of dF csnrial<br />
clmenll likc cat,l,'l.nd skiu labo. i.o. nssry lor opid industial d.v.lopmcnt The<br />
impodcd nolcridls like o<strong>il</strong>, chmicah, sparc pdns, packiie narflial and oth.r such itlo<br />
*ere 16 be tEnsDon d lion &!Eni. sin<strong>il</strong>lrlr nalk.ts lor $e nnish.d poducts weE<br />
de ldlt d 500 tol000 n<strong>il</strong>6 rmy fion pbviMirl capihl .nd oficr D.tu of dE<br />
poviNr'. Tn induit<strong>il</strong>lists l@ lo p.y r v.ry hidr fEisht m tli€ t Bporittiat of<br />
soods tlEl .dd rowltds dE Fie sr.uclur of tlE iidsFirl p'lduct and d. indutr<strong>il</strong>list<br />
ofNwFP h.v. ro f..c a rcry tougn mFitid anonesl their conlcrp.6 of sind and<br />
In odor lo give i.@dive rd establ<strong>il</strong>hing Nw industies in th. NWFP, the red.ml<br />
and prcvincial govemen.r btve siwn s Nmb.i of catuAsions. shich include lax<br />
holiday sd dlry fK ir4ons of nrchi,.ry for i.dNtri6 to b€ ins$lled in rh. sp.ciied<br />
M in tlr Dovim.. Th. whole of D.l.xhn ard Md.*nid division. thc M.n$hn<br />
districr, rhc 15 n<strong>il</strong>6 ldg sdchcd .u fiDn Nosshd ro teh.ngia o. bolh si&s of<br />
Krbll Rircr.nd !I6c idusEi.l cstt in lh. N\VFP w@ connred $ 5Peifi.d .lw<br />
Wort on lhc poj.ci! of explohlion of phosDhltc 6l I4arba., dcvclopmcnl oa K,kul<br />
plrcsphste niic lnd phcph.L crushing lnd srinding plmt ws catried oul i.lhc Eura<br />
division in th. dadde of l9?0s. naara Uo F.n<strong>il</strong>irer Plr dd Kohat C.mcnt lerort<br />
w dbblitlEd and c.eeit of MGt'khs C.ndl F.cror *as doubl.d Paloshn<br />
PaF CorFErion Ltd. ChlFd& *s dtlblblEd in l9?le. Dr fost conPl.x pDj6r<br />
ar Chrrdin rd.d p'ldulion. T[is nld Oc c.p&ity to Drcduce 331,0m cubic fer or<br />
srm iiDh€r 2l5.lO,OOo sque r*r or ply*ood ond 434o,op etuE fer or chhbolrd-<br />
Sinc. pr<strong>il</strong>aL i.dufial inBh..B r.F rci for$comine i' r.quircd volune b<br />
go!.mnl sctpcd inlo the indust <strong>il</strong> fi.ld. S.th.d Developmfll Adhontv wa aeld<br />
ro speed !p th. poce of induslrial dd *onomic developnmt in lhc pFvin.. Besides<br />
esbblishn nt of dry pod a1 Peshaw.r, lh. iuodity udetrook a numb.t of pFje6<br />
wnich includ. r Srsrr M<strong>il</strong>l d Kn@n. n.ti P6h,v!i cold ims. M&dii, Minsom<br />
HliiDor ud P6ll.*.r, . cm compl* lnd L.drr dmry :t ,brngin 0d t Gin ed<br />
clp€min l.ciory it Hripu. It€ .dndny unda bk *!rt o' so Gha F<strong>il</strong>ls it<br />
Hfiplr lnd Dor$i vhce dFciry ws ddbtcd Ltr m A pojed ftr pFdutioD or<br />
iodiDd ell *.! et up.l Pcshavot. A nl6 and ttick feloty w$ s.l up !l D I Khan'
)<br />
I|l(lust|.ixl t rritr, irr \Nr-iutts rcgiolls ol NWl l'<br />
(;- -'<br />
I<br />
?<br />
l<br />
!r'<br />
)<br />
\ o {ol<br />
Q0f,3)<br />
o (5)<br />
xoh.r /<br />
o|o./<br />
o(o' I \'.i<br />
io"* /<br />
{3) I<br />
(3) o i<br />
I<br />
^.i<br />
)<br />
o (62)<br />
O ooiu (o) *'!, \<br />
I<br />
O(41) \<br />
tho iuhb{t ol Industrlolunlrr In rho 0.0o
Thu the lonl nuhb.r of indusiial un<strong>il</strong>s in NWFP €.chen 6{4 in 1983. employing<br />
49,661 p.Nons Out of dEs, 338 ws€ agD-b.sedd. out of 39 loljl susa n<strong>il</strong>ls in the<br />
cdnhy. 5 (13 p€rc..t) weE in l\rWFP. T1EE w.re 29 nouft<strong>il</strong>ls in IE ptovince with<br />
bbl d2<strong>il</strong>y p.d!cri@ c.p.c<strong>il</strong>y of a24l rG ol U@r. nrc pldi@ wos rrlduc'ry aboi<br />
60 b70 p.rcs of Mtiml pFdudios of tobreo lnd rh.€ w clcrcn d&Etb plab<br />
in rh€ poeinc. ru. by dif.ft lodl snd int mtional r@prnies". ThcE weE 16l<br />
difiertnr g?es of t xl<strong>il</strong>e units cmistins ol l 3 lalge cxr<strong>il</strong>e n<strong>il</strong>s, 3 3 pow. r loom u di6, 94<br />
s<strong>il</strong>i m<strong>il</strong>ls, 9 *@len m<strong>il</strong>ls ,nd 12 otner !ni$ ol valied Mtut€ like cDtron ghnhg! hosery,<br />
mbbidery ind otlEs eoods. flrcr. were 5 !.8.bb1. gh* plants, 2 coo*in8 o<strong>il</strong> plmls<br />
e'd l3 learh.r and latl|d psdNls unns in lh. pdvinc.*.<br />
Snrll nldMid rE€i sD0ll €pibl. povid. noE job opponuniry .nd nn*at<br />
obmblim oa *.rllh
of asrioulte in dc provinc., th.c *!s a lhorlasp of.;pbyne't opporlutiti€s in lh.<br />
asriculore sloi rnd @ ditlion vdt6 *cE nig€tinr f<strong>il</strong>m tnc povi@ to othd<br />
O( ol $. 25.14 n<strong>il</strong>lim &e ioLl oe, or y 12 p€Edr ws undq cullivatio' in rh.<br />
povi@ in 1970. M.in q!€ ol balmes oa Mjor pd of llld in rh. pDvtnce w.s<br />
minly due lo lons sbe&hed h<strong>il</strong>ly l€min in th. nodEn,pon of dE piovinc. The p.r<br />
@pirs cullivabL.6 in tne pbvin@ w.s 0.4 ocres 6 corfEr.d ro 0.96.cE {d 2 02<br />
acFs in Puj.b r.d Sindz. In I97l-72 tho roltl i6 mdcr cullivltio. rebcd 4.04<br />
m<strong>il</strong>lion .cfts in |{WFP Tte abflpl ircs* in ouhivared rrc. of N\r'4P in 1971_72 qls<br />
de to irclusion of Mrlan nd Divhion. By 1982. Pujab ,a contributins 56 4 p€rcenr of<br />
P*brin\ iohl clltisLd re md NWFP 9 4 !@;l ofih. lolal @lliv&d lEo oa th.<br />
T.bL 6 2<br />
sbrE of Pu.j.b .!d NrvIT b rb. bl colthltn .d oa Ptlith. durl4 l97l{ hl<br />
t9711t 27.28 5?.33 8.56<br />
1972-73 21.45 58.11 l.3l 8.10<br />
43.3<br />
27.13 57.89<br />
cdai*i or Ptu /r'ldtu.r sddi6,.rr'rdq, rt$<br />
Tfie bbl. sho*s tlDt in l97l -72 oul ol47 2 n<strong>il</strong>tio rB rocl cultivacn .e ofPa*i$!<br />
Punjib possed 2?,23 n<strong>il</strong>lion lcres or 5?.8 perceDt of lhe loLl crhiuled aE. or<br />
Prkklan. wh@ A. NVT? slDi.d ody 4 OOl n<strong>il</strong>lion &rs or 3 49 p.rc61 of the roLl<br />
oltisr.d a@ of P&ish. n* loi<strong>il</strong> dldnbd lJd in Pu.jtb Ech.d b 233 niuion<br />
qcDs d 56 7 !.rcoi of rhe bbl cultivoEd lind ol Paknbn wnih shrE of NWFP h'rdlv<br />
9.16<br />
t975-16 48 98 ,1.9r 57ll 9.ll<br />
43 3l 56 5.1 t.5l<br />
28.05<br />
23.05 i6.31 951<br />
t979-80 23.29 J659<br />
1980.81 50.00 284 9.t<br />
E.ch.d 4.7? n<strong>il</strong>lion acEs or 9.5 % of1,5€ loLl culrivaled land oiP id.nin I930
The innow of norc lhan rwo n<strong>il</strong>lion Atlin rcfueees in lt7t, lo4ed in 235<br />
cchps d 94 dif@nt phc.s .long with $en h.rds ol clole lc.diu lo incrersing<br />
acdchtBt on rind ud.r aoEsl .nd ovcqxa4d En3Fs.<br />
lrldlord r.nmt .l|!tnt6<br />
TIE rcMns cuhivrEd lsnd fdmen s7 p.tsr of tne privatly owncd tobl mrra TI.<br />
i€ns<strong>il</strong>icalioninlhconsoingaga.ianunrestqndneshnorenentofasiculbralhbor<br />
dd D.enrs b l9?0s c$ b. hc.n ro lhe prc4lection sl*m..ing d.vs olrhe Pakisla!<br />
P@pl. Ptdy, when i dcclatd bnd fot rh. p.a$ls' rd n<strong>il</strong>ls for rhe liboB' Thes<br />
crthy plmss fou.d quict adhlms.noDg lic f.IWFP l.m.s, *ho sioied tllusb"t.g<br />
Bhurtok qishes. nE l97o el*rions bFuShl PakGt ' People Pany to povd in.ounlrv<br />
hosever in thc l\rrrFPi lh€ oppGitio. plni.s inoluding Narion.l Awdi Pa<strong>il</strong>v .nd<br />
Jlmi.t-ul-nlefu Islrn l.d prcviDoial govonmcnl. Of6cial Poplo Ptdv .upponed the<br />
icnrnt3 in dE poviG ro d|n.gp th. b6* ofNAP and JUI t asulEd in risingm<strong>il</strong>ib*v<br />
dona the k@br5. Th. Mrzdor Ki$n Pstly hn by Ali2l Btn8rsh c@ inro tulioMl<br />
limc li8h. and raised loicc .Slind the eviction of &Mnl5 by landlodr Tbe MKP oame up<br />
wnh sbgdn dDr t<strong>il</strong>led !.rc rne orisiml oM.N of the lm<strong>il</strong> The hndlotds hale no dslt<br />
io t!1. rh. sh.E of fic pod@ nm $€ t<strong>il</strong>l6 lnd lhc exisrina Ent lseenea ssre tlt<br />
eull of feudll dploibtioD Tt DdV tuntFr pdlain€d lhar rhc prcduce of the land<br />
*r! 3w.at srd blo.d of thc l<strong>il</strong>leB and no body hs llE nght b t he it rlm lhem. ,b<br />
activiri.s *e& msinly confined to Cha6!da, Madtn and reshawit where llndlords<br />
owning 5OO scEs ot mot *cE suNmded by smoll lmdomds Shall hdowncn *cr'<br />
l<strong>il</strong>lin8 rh.n lad v<strong>il</strong>h th. hclp of l..dles labor dBM fion 6. l@!l r@s a mll as ftom<br />
Swd .nd Malihnd. An cxplGiw snuion.o.4!d wnq @nts-hndlords skimish.t<br />
in M&d!. dd tne adjoininS.@ ofMohtlnd .gcrcvr6 bok plqoc durina l9?3 ?4 This<br />
lnre* causd a nis novemdl of lensnE rsri.d lhc lsdlords in differt't pans ol<br />
NwFPrr. seveBl llndlor& .nd teno|s wcF k<strong>il</strong>led in the ensuing cl.shes<br />
I. shahpur vitlig. of Kohar diincl lh€ lione diincl of Alal B€rylsh. ihe<br />
prcsidcnt oa MKP, Kiyani sd @nb dispuL crcp nPr' ltE l.Ddom6 fominS 'n<br />
ors&iaiion sqled as lh. Ifiehad+'M<strong>il</strong>iki@R_rsziaf 6inh.! a8€ravaled thc<br />
situdrions. Tlis oigmizltion, like Mtzdoot Kisln Paftv poc*sed cxtrenist eled'nls<br />
fivorine a n<strong>il</strong>ibnr sbnc.. The pnblem b.camc quic conPlicatd for prcvitcitl<br />
sovelMc.i. Povinchl .dninist.im b€.red ejetion ol r'mnts This srcp ol<br />
ldhi.ishtion *.s $bjeEd 10 cnticiso . l ws unds fiE bv rli' landlotdsD Th'<br />
adninisfttion set up hl6hi comitte?s' committee for €coN<strong>il</strong>i'lion and Spetd<br />
MisistBre was depured slcly ror tlE purpos orE$lvin3 E cas.s e€tuiniiB to wijl
llndlordstodnts pbbl.n, The tcont3 w.r. *ckine lne hnd l<strong>il</strong>l.d bv tlEn in lhe Mne<br />
ol julice dd .qulity sh<strong>il</strong>c rh. bndlords ,c€ d.mtnditS enlorcenal of ldt Th'<br />
prcvincirt .dftinisdllio. w4 to gudaf,te jutic. * *cl! s nl€ oflase<br />
(2.1) Asricuhuhl .xMion and ttgeh<br />
(2.2) Ru6l wdb pognB (3) Incrnt d RuFl Dcwlopm.nt Po8@ 3nd<br />
Runl wd*r Presnd ( l9?2-80) (b) Bmni i{F!s DcElopmnl Poj.ct (19?5-80)<br />
(c) Asrv<strong>il</strong>lc!<br />
l2,l) Re.dch rld E .6lo!<br />
'wl'en d Julyl, l9?O dE fot:M pFvi* ol Norlh w. FMtid w$ csloEd, tr<br />
Fs:*d 6ll.sc of AgncultuE, P6h!*!r Univ.Fitv ASticultuE ReEn lnlribc<br />
Tamb md lh. D.!.i,rcnl of Agricullus E{Lsion Pdh.*dr' On ,un. 10, l9?2 lhe<br />
w.sr P.h<strong>il</strong>b Asiculn|E D.tlotndr Cdmitcq ws qislvc4 and <strong>il</strong>e rucions ud<br />
proj@rs r@ dnl:Rd io tn. povi@i.l ADc dd |n€ sdll D.6 otr'datid of ln.<br />
\VPADC. Th€ wort of Ddutt1Mt .nd dimibution of f.rl<strong>il</strong>i4u ss F Gtercd ro lh.<br />
tn 1975, th. Corcmc @nniod rn rgiculoEl inqui.v commid€ lo l@k<br />
inb rhe €u*s aor lo* t8ricllbnl dpll in thc ;ny ;qd6 Thc @mtuc in its<br />
aFn poincd our dEt !n in&qurc $tply ol iftForcd v.ri.tv *.ds FniclLrlv in ce<br />
of *trdr s dE min a@ ol lw ptldstiv,iy. Th. @mEi@ Eom..d.d didibllio<br />
of | 7(x) ftlric ronr of Mdim qh.!r .1 sub.idiEn d. !o dF 3bwE. A su of Rs 0 16<br />
n<strong>il</strong>lion *s <strong>il</strong>lmcn b NnlrFP by cdttl eoff<strong>il</strong> for Pdunns tnd suhidizins s.d<br />
oa Mdicrn wh@fr. AsndloEl D.F tn.nl NWFP.st bldrn *d am! !i diff.E<br />
plres in tha prcvinc. for lupply .!Nd nullipliotjon oflw,v.n.g 5..ds TlE Dcpadct't<br />
of AgricllbE 4Lrd.d i$ cxcsi@ &liviti6 ihough in!.ducing &nid BdoE\<br />
TnDrns lnd vbir .Fh (T&V SysEhl '. bR sl*cd lsr r lrc senrics<br />
PEliniM<strong>il</strong>y T & V syli.n ws intrcdrc.d in D.E lsnoii Khln i. AulNt l9?3 md i.<br />
BuM witt h.d q!.n.r !r Dasst in Ocbb.t 1978 1. 1980' povinci<strong>il</strong> rgiculoft<br />
d.prtu.nr ruhEircd lo tut nDEry fm, in vdou! d<strong>il</strong>rncts ol lhe ptuvrc.ri<br />
UD nI l98O tlF wotr of.sricDltunl F&!rch vr! coductd bv tlc prcvincial<br />
wh 5y6Ln thal conli6tld of 15 muli .nd mono dieipliMrv e&trh institules'<br />
asdcultuE Esceh shtioB / sub+bdot ldlicd in lhc imPotiinmgriculture aeas or the<br />
pBvitue$. Those relcffih uniL w.E plri 01tJl. dcpartn.nl oi Food Aeriouloft,
Live*o.t ul C@!..tiE udt t ft&d Mi.E v of rSrEuhe Smc nximllv "rd<br />
i d nd'.lly tult
obl sun ofRs 7,55 n<strong>il</strong>lion ra6 lllealcd to lhe d<strong>il</strong>foFnl progans under BADP The<br />
BADP.mnsed 12,25J orcp cultivalion domoNtrtion plols in2l?2 v<strong>il</strong>lages spread over<br />
lhe whole Dovince. Mocowt 48t adoDliv. r.so.rcb tri.ls, 1s7 "mercial and lll<br />
mnrour/ chhel ploush plols q.s undei b*.nrl<br />
A ns A8rcv<strong>il</strong>lcs D.v.lopnnl Polnn ws lrunclEd it 1971 i' 6rdct to aren $e<br />
imEos in rural populstion rtd ik mpid iiSrarion fom lh€ v<strong>il</strong>lag's lo tlc ltrge ones<br />
Th€ word .grcviu. nqN a lnau loM l@.t d in dEl aEi So this prc8mn lag<br />
launch.d lo d*!op smll !oM3 {d n diun liu citica in ruBl e.vimM'nr dm$h<br />
'd<br />
pndudiv. cn&Dn!. and tlE povision ol edu..tioMl' hqxh, ur€r rupplv ind<br />
wder dkposl, .*$y, hrlpon sd otnd Go<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>i4 Ir would *d. rs f@al poi'r for l,'€<br />
a€<strong>il</strong>.b<strong>il</strong>ity of rsncuhlEl edi@+ rdl,lin! of .sricultlEl products ind dE<br />
dcvclopnd ol !sr-bd!.d lcll indBEi.s{ ln ce of K.shi dre Eov.hneot *as<br />
lninrins ol lautuhing n.hv<strong>il</strong>l$ progdn. $. objel ol wh'ch w.s !o .slablisn sn<strong>il</strong>l<br />
tom in rhe tcinig of indusirl le.rion e lnr lkmchi could b. d@@8ps.d a.d ib<br />
sF&n of hsrod.tid t Eti.v.n. Un- fodrt lv ba.e of orgrnizrioMl a.d<br />
lMial cor6lrinB tIE posM @ld tut b. crcucd I inLnd.ds<br />
Th. PddrLn Peopl. Pany Corcmcnt iBluEd thc cdmrc<strong>il</strong>l ba . ro pbvidc ctldir<br />
frc<strong>il</strong>iti6, l@n lnd adytnc. to ttE slll $d middle t m€6 .nd lhc indost<strong>il</strong>l<br />
enftpEtuur but lhc Es?ore of rh. bmks *0s P@ ln Jtnu!ry 1974 rhc gov.menl<br />
mti@lizd lhc hsnlc b..$e i. w.nLd to bci lgricultdl pbdulia bv ProvidinB<br />
cr.dit ond lMs to th. nms. Tha supply ol !8ticuln|6l cEd<strong>il</strong> i@&d mtnv folds<br />
dunng di. s.rcnti.s. Tlt rorql di$u@m.nl of lSrrcultuml ld. his sorc up fttd Rs<br />
306.75m<strong>il</strong>lioni.l972loPs.5,l08.l4hiuiotinl98ls During l9?0_77. thc grcwt]' Fre<br />
of cedit w6 ,11 .9 p.t.rt p€t amum. Tho 6.dn dd baftlfrcn MlioMlizd bants to dic<br />
fio.B incs*d lom 85 n<strong>il</strong>liot rupd if, l97l_7210 7OO t<strong>il</strong>liot rupccs iD l97s_76!r'<br />
'nis <strong>il</strong>c<strong>il</strong>iry or lo.Ds .nd tcdit, aldg wnh ,n inclt& in preuEment p'ies of<br />
lg.icultuEl cmnodirica ti.r incE&d hudrcd pd&nl dlrin8 tl|is p€riod cl€rlv n@r<br />
an atcmpl on rh. p.n ol gorcdoc !o alt t tlc pr_Crcwd 6datcev of lhc prevDus<br />
Du.ing 1977-80,lh.d ha3 b..n an.xpi6ion in thc volunc ollsFctltoral credn<br />
iion irol<strong>il</strong>ulioMl feuiccs. Th. p€t lofr rv.<strong>il</strong>ab<strong>il</strong>ity of ihsdulioMl cr.dit inoMsd 10<br />
Rs. s2 in l98O !s comDAEd to only Rs.4 in l97o'r' Thc gowh rate ofdericultoral cr€dn<br />
wls nol * in tne elrli* p.nod. Tn. mode of disEibulion of clcdn ws highlv bhsd in
f.vor of big .imd, who @ivd .lmd 81 Dctfl ol .gticultuBl ccdn disbnrsld bv<br />
the Ag.cultunl Derclopmnt 8.nt and cohmftirl bontJi In 1974 lhe cadn<br />
avi<strong>il</strong>ib<strong>il</strong>ity per acre ws Ri20 in Plnjrb rnd Fi I in NWFP In hlnjab 64 and 44<br />
p€Eenr of the bbl credn disbuc. by ADBP .nd comn*i,l b.nk w@ adwced in<br />
l93l-32. wt<strong>il</strong>e i. l\r$/FP only 7 and ll plernt ol th. lolal credit bv ADBP and<br />
comneEial bank was rdvanc.d! In NWFP, dpee! 3.02 n<strong>il</strong>lion hqa; lMns weE<br />
atlvanced in l97O-71. tn 1980, th€se loans deeased b rupees 2 66 d<strong>il</strong>lion fte numbd<br />
of coop€nt<strong>il</strong>e societies ftehed 3444 and rupe.6 71.21 m<strong>il</strong>lion l@n wis advanced m<br />
Th. adequate and tibelt supply ol inplts play vi|!l rolc in developn€nt ofagtcDllure<br />
€-r) Irrigr<strong>il</strong>on ddclopne<br />
It is u urdeniabl€ frct ih.l 0E mo.t criisl f&iot in P.kistcD agricul@ is the<br />
ik<strong>il</strong>rb<strong>il</strong>iry of m&. lri$rid is thc lif.blo.d of lsictlirF in Pakisbne. wiih ont<br />
irig,tion vituauy rhd would bc m.8ric!1tu8. ln Ptki$t ciMlt and i$€ wlls *re<br />
Dajor FdB of iris.rion lnd rcE idSrtin8 74 lnd 2l p€'qt ol lhe 1od cdti%ral<br />
land r€spddv€lyi Mnin pbblm ftccd by isticulluE in NwT? w.s lbence of<br />
iftisrnd flc<strong>il</strong>itics for wtcrins ot Lnd. Out of 1.05 mnlion m6 bhl cullihred ag<br />
only r 15 n<strong>il</strong>lid lcc wf irig.r.d ir r{wFP.lXus ttc b.rcerhs. ol iftisoted aF b<br />
robl @ltialed.E. w 38 F@nt in NWFP. Wh<strong>il</strong>. tha DddLgc of irigared a6 ro<br />
lobl cuftivared rfr wls 35.4 in .ie of Pu.j.b"<br />
(r) c.ndr lrrk.rlo. dev.lopE.nt<br />
DeeiE lhal rhe 4- and 5'" iv. yac pl.n pointed bwads rh. €onomic conmhiion<br />
ir irieated rappd The po$ible lolution would have been lo inwsr in fi. rain-ted ed<br />
O. the conbry lhe Rdised Aclion Prclmh preprrcd {or tne develoPnmr of watei<br />
ftsources, continued lo slr*s funher impovomcnt i. thosc o€s whert idsition tras<br />
sme mojor idsllion wo*i sfttd oul in NWFP hrvc t*n nention d b€low<br />
Trrbel. D.m P.ojer<br />
In accordmce *<strong>il</strong>h rhe Indu, wu4 Trc.ty (1960) Intdndtioml Developnmt Banli<br />
ployided for 5 bomgcs, 8 li.t c.n.ls cnd I 3iphoD, {hich weE conpltltd in I960s,<br />
mosdy in Purjab. In NWFP, tie @r6lruolio' oi T.tb€h Dlm ar BrE siE an R<strong>il</strong>er Indus<br />
w surred in 1963 and conplcr.d in 1974. Tui.L i! !, €nh Md @k f<strong>il</strong>l dan, 435 ti€l<br />
high *ith slc sioDc! of 1l.l r<strong>il</strong>lion t.Fs fel lt hls Mo out lels lor irisarid
purpGA ard oih.lnr ourlcG ror pow,8"*nOont n i*e".a -a .s!r-i,"d<br />
at.ihb<strong>il</strong>ity of*.h b cels h |I\VPP, Pmj.b tDd Sinn<br />
Cb$s. RiAbt B.nh C.rd<br />
A cml h.nd ECIhtor witt . dp&ity of 5000 clss wG imorpo6t d lo frbL<br />
div.6ion of suppli€s irio Pahlour c.ol wh.n thc f*ding lmsenmls oI dE drnins<br />
Pahirpur @l w* .fiecr.d 0iq |lle cotuhcrion of rh. Chasnm Bmge bl€r o'<br />
propoel for consdclion of gravity caDl .m.d CRBC was dus out The cosl of lhe<br />
CRBC l<strong>il</strong>jecl<br />
vas 6nml.d Rs.l4??.6 n<strong>il</strong>lion w<strong>il</strong>h I forisn exchanse conpdml ol<br />
Rs.501.4 n<strong>il</strong>lim and vN exp@ted to inig.t 0.22 miuion &es qFa in l\lwFPre<br />
The Sdn tuvd G iEisaling E an Wo& on Sann Rirer prcjcot v's 56rred it 196l<br />
XJBnpu. Dan rh.t i! located in Haara, i3 137 fel high dd lll0leet long einhen d.m<br />
'co$ thr Ham Rivq rce Khtnpui IXc pbjaot coiti.!.d 1o linser on up b 1977 due<br />
to vdioE frclon isludins plwity offtndJor. Tte pbj&t sd conplcted in l98l Ir<br />
povid.s lll nnlid salm poitlblc s .r pct d.y io R *llpindi dd Islmabad dd<br />
.lro irisated 11355 ace in Punjlb and 2273s in NwFPi0r. B6id.s dE* mjor prcjec6<br />
dom of mall inisrrion projec w.c cmpl.Ld in difrcEnI dj.ui* ofdE povi*.s<br />
gitd io AtFddn 2. For @tolling @Ey!ft. ls, laehing of On Fm Wab<br />
Mmsend (OFVM) tbj4B ws tu.d h l9?8 *ith rh€ .sistce of US AID. world<br />
B.n* and Asi0 Dewlopndr B.nL<br />
T.bt. d.3<br />
T.bb 3n@hs uF r.d d.'r ln rh. .r L! lrtrL<strong>il</strong> .q! ol hi!.b .nd NrrTP du.bg<br />
re71-s1 (M<strong>il</strong>lion eG)<br />
21.32<br />
1353 m2l<br />
Cnmr of Prris, PaH,b ,lsrh ltottlsbtdi.s t933,<br />
Th. rablc sl's dst during l97Gso, bt l ctdl iriglFd 'F in tll,.F? IluctErcd<br />
bct@ 0.69 n<strong>il</strong>id &E !.d 0,71 n<strong>il</strong>laon .cs. ft! 3hc in btal imgd€d aB of<br />
0.69<br />
o.1z
Patiib incFased fon 2.?l percenl in l97O lo 280 !€rcett in 1930 wh<strong>il</strong>e canal<br />
irisar.d aF in Pujab bi.d fim l? 54 n<strong>il</strong>lion ercs it l97l to 13 s3 n<strong>il</strong>ion rrts r<br />
l9so. ln orhd wonls, slure of Punjrb incs.sd nom 69?6 pe@nl in 1970 to ?0 19<br />
Fcdr olttF el d<strong>il</strong> iftig'rcd lF of P.li.trn it 1980 :<br />
ln Pu.jab. cdl iris ed 6 pc@4e of rhc totiNl cDlriEled ae hG ircl6<br />
fiw t3 ro 63 p€Eqr ofth€ bbl itris cd.o Ho*vq in c's 6fr'IwFP rh@ -6 rd<br />
&ctine of 15 6 Ftal in iniglcd ,€ 6 pct.nbg. of culri!.lcd a@ in lh' pro;nce,<br />
6,!.ihbnity of (fulw.b{t cs$d fom I 08 n<strong>il</strong>lion &Es f€l in I9?0 b 2 3n<strong>il</strong>lio'<br />
icEs fe. in l93O b€au* of sm.ll?t now i. Rivor fobulr0r<br />
O)Tub. wells irngritor dwdopne<br />
In P.kisbn, rapid irebllation of public a3 w.ll .! pdvql€ tube wells look Pla@ Therc<br />
w.re 2l $hehes, lo in Punjib, 9 in Sind md 4 i! NWFP SCARPII sal$e zone,<br />
scARllll scARP shorkat K.malia, scARP saliua, scAn? sllahPr. scARP<br />
P.njnrd Abbsi. (uirl), T.uns-PanjMd litrk. Ch.lhmi_rnehlm linl! PalBds dtain<br />
pbj*i. scARP Fodwat Sidiqri!, .tti w|rr losging &ide Tnmu_sindld Mriki_<br />
Bh.l*!l link .nd Rt$l$disbad_B.llotj_Sul.ina i li.t erc rhe nNit shenes<br />
conpleied in Punjab duins 1970J!.<br />
ln NWFP, SCARP P6lE*.r Pnbbi P<strong>il</strong>ot Pbjat Il' SCARP P€slErI tui Sheikn<br />
Uni! Anli w'b lodging P6lB*!r Ciry Unir, Anli wlLr lodging Kh.nmnd and Na6njt<br />
Un<strong>il</strong>, SCARP PeshaNar Wtmt Cod Unn, SCARP Mi&n ud SCARP Bamu mF<br />
conplel€d io l97os. IrE blll numtd of Nt *cll wctL 82. 451 in Pakislan in 1970,<br />
oul of thl 75,146 i.e9l.l4 peG w.rc in Punjab ltr NWFP lll@ were 1,163 tub'<br />
wclls rhrl foft.n 1.41 peEenl of the lohl In 1980 $e nunb€r of lube *elb ftmb.d lo<br />
Trblo 6,4<br />
Tot lruEh..of .ub.*eusoFrrtidghPunj rndN\rTTdlrl.g1c71_31<br />
r.20J75<br />
1931 1J3,670<br />
C@i of Ps&nh, Patik, .rsr& ltunl Stutktic 193!<br />
2.24
Tho bble indiares thnr tlEE qeE 90,101 bldl tlbc w.lh in Paldshn in 1971, oul ollhot<br />
81,814 i.e.90.03 percnt w@ in Punjrb. In NWFP, lh@ weE I,483 bbe wells th&t<br />
fomcd I 65 pe@nr ofrhe btl. In l98l tE rmtq oitub. w.us sctted 1o 133,670 in<br />
Pltisr.n. Pudlb Fodsed 16l, 8?5 6 85.79 p.e'n of the bhl, {h<strong>il</strong>€ dE nuobcr oa<br />
tub. w.lls in NWFP im@*d io 4.36,1 or 2.14 F|mt of losl.<br />
In P.ritu b.$ qMl .rd tuh. rclls itri$t d lgs htrc sigdfic{dy ircs..d<br />
dunns 1976 Sind &d hnjab w€E o.in b.tufi.irn6 of irisatid d.v.lopndl dung<br />
I97os. Dudns th€ penod lvrllo. in Punj$ rh. inirtLi {s wnr iion 22 63 n<strong>il</strong>lion<br />
acEs to 25.55 m<strong>il</strong>lio. aoEs regisl€r<strong>il</strong>g u i@@& ol 12.6 p.rcdt. In NWFP it iereased<br />
ion I6l miuion mEs to 1.73 n<strong>il</strong>lion rcFs during the .ane penod, regislflng a!<br />
ircia* of ?.5 pffitre The Punjab out dtirnc.d a0 &. odEr prvinc€s ituldding<br />
NwlP in thc proportion of lolal irigat d lEa ol Pakcbn. Ar lh. cnd ol dalde of<br />
1970s, 90 p€Eml of cuhivlted 0Er in Punhb w6 iftigaLd, sh<strong>il</strong>e ir NWFP the<br />
cmspondina fiaDr was only 40 p€Mlor. ln 1982, percfnllee or inigakn as b lolll<br />
culnvllql !g @ned 95 pcrcot in runj.b rn if, I\]1^IFP it hr'dly €rchen 40 pe(cni<br />
P.Ear lbe of Puj.! .!d INWP in MlioMl incMalll iffi i. imgritd @<br />
dnIg l9?l 8l 16 l3 and I ? Es?cctirclyro.<br />
2268<br />
t912-7 ! 32.27 22 75 70.52 130<br />
tt.7l 2145 t75 5.21<br />
t2 96 22.86 69.14<br />
1915.16 11.68 .2.1.19 68.82<br />
t916-17 68.47 1.75 5ll<br />
1977.78 l5 1.1 68.78 L3l 5.20<br />
69.ll 1.63<br />
t97t80 t6 4t ?0lt 7.1)<br />
1930-31 36.42 16.05 L33<br />
Th. r.bl. show t8t iolll iri8't d.@ in PDDjah o* nom 22 68 n<strong>il</strong>lion n a in 1970<br />
ro 26.05 n<strong>il</strong>lid ed3 in 1930. I. case of NWFP, rhe tobl iftieoted.m ircssed tom<br />
I 6l m<strong>il</strong>lio eEs lo 1.83 m<strong>il</strong>lior acE! In 1980, lold idisa&d aE or Pat<strong>il</strong>xn iturc.$d
lo 36.82 n<strong>il</strong>lio $E!. Plnjab's .hx. e& !o 26,05 h<strong>il</strong>h; &rc5 or 70.54 por@nl, wb<strong>il</strong>e<br />
idisar.d os in NWFP tgh.d 1.83 m<strong>il</strong>lioD mc! or4.97 pcrcent of lotll iriSded.rea<br />
F?n<strong>il</strong>ia coGuoption in P.lkbn duriry s.wnti.s wat impEsiv.. Ave6ge<br />
conrumptid p.r,!.r w8 orcr ?3 thou..rd NEi. btu rnd lh. mu.l gD*'tn in<br />
f.rr<strong>il</strong>iz.r otrr.lc ws 12,4 Fddf6, lt itus!.d frm O.!8 h<strong>il</strong>lion nDiridl bs durits<br />
l9?O io 1.24 m<strong>il</strong>lion nutri.nt r@ in lr82rr0.<br />
T.bL 6,6<br />
Y€r-rb ontL ol'ir<strong>il</strong>lr.r |tr N*F? d!d!t 1vtc0, (ltdrh b.t<br />
t970-71 4132 159 t9350<br />
t91t- 72 28851 l65l 2a .t2534<br />
1912- 1t Jt5l9 l16t 12 13049<br />
r91l- 14 2t7t1 108,1 26905<br />
77744 2455 l96 24938<br />
J0937 6942 290 182r9<br />
3 0 7 52269<br />
6520 249 J86r9<br />
t9a-B It979 7U 58509<br />
r979-E0 I]r80 802 69476<br />
!lllN!!d,<br />
^sioldld.r.m or Nwrt. k/flt&rledtu 4 NVFP D<br />
(nicft4 .ri.ulbl &slamr Njd<br />
ollh. iotl l.rr<strong>il</strong>iar u&d. rh. !vag. shlE ol Puj.b w$ 66 Frcd. *t lc $.t of<br />
l.IwFP q.r only 7 D.@nt durinS lr?G. Th. bbh slD*s rhrl thslth ou 1970! th€<br />
Pdjrb ihrE in th. io6l f.fi<strong>il</strong>ia. c.MnDti6 of 0E 6uniy ws .houl 66 pdent wh c<br />
ih,E olr.nvFP we oDly 7 FGnr of rh. iobl. \\IT? l.!g.d b.hind Punjlb i. the u$ of<br />
lcn<strong>il</strong>izr Fr e@ullivrte
f.t<strong>il</strong>iur coNunption im@6€d fim 42 tg F .cE duri.g I9?G?5 b 63 kg p.r lcE<br />
OJ) Ioprc{d v.d.n6 or..€d<br />
In 197tu rh. !* ol imprcv.d vari.li6 ol *.di, idlE&d ooE ors rh@ tin.s in Punj$<br />
wh<strong>il</strong>. inNWFP fieN ofinpD'€d seds be.n double. Th€ tolal aH !nd.r wh.{ and<br />
rice devoEd to high yieldiry vrriclier ols@& h$ been nisd lFm t?8t and 7042<br />
pdml in 1972 to 39.03 ond 94.33 p.F.nt of th. 10Ll !g undq $ese Esp.ctivc crops<br />
by 1982 i, Punjrb. vnn in NWIP 45.59.nd 31.13 pdent olwnd and dcc wa un&r<br />
hish ,icldins v.ri.ti6 ofs€
'llr nost out srandiDg pmductim hs b.d th.r of whdr onlput in Pnldtu. wnh $.<br />
cxi.nsion of !@ udd wh€.r, th€ ndn idp&r hs ben $ouert lhe Epid inc@$ in |n.<br />
doprid orrh high ieldins di$e Bist v.ndi*. M; sm so p@r wh@i !M<br />
*s und.. nod€n nrielics in 1932 in P.Lito. Whcll Pltducrid 'c fion 7.29 niuion<br />
torcs in 1970 iol2.a nnlion lons in 1932 in IE coutrEy Dunng the Fnod l97l -31 ield<br />
pd rcE *dr iion I 1.6 maundr to I ? Mun(hrr'. Wlal inpon dcclined ion 20 pdar<br />
of the 106l olo<strong>il</strong>ob<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>y in 1965 lo !n rv.ns. of onb 4,6 p.rce't dunns 1930. In crs oa<br />
rie, sime nid.l970r, oldll gwrh in ric. pbduotion nls beo sloNer dn vh€at 50<br />
perent.ie arta w6 under hish yicldiDg in l9?9.The iolal rice prcduolion nas incMsed<br />
iom 2.26 n<strong>il</strong>lion lones in l97l to 1.44 n<strong>il</strong>lion toncs in 1933 and per acE yicld fcre.sed<br />
from 15 9 naunds to 13.3 m.unds during the s.me dne. Yield of rice incrca$d ar 2<br />
D€rcent ps yearrrr. Yield iDprcvem.nt hls oonrdbuted only 23 percent in pDduclion of<br />
crops as a shole beBeen l9?0 rnd 1982, in @nF.sr ro 66 FGnl fd *heat G6m<br />
prodftrio. d..E.&d from 0.51 n<strong>il</strong>lion bm in t97l to b.34 m<strong>il</strong>lio. rdes in 1930116.<br />
Cotrd prodlcriM g@ rI a Epid 6r. dEn nc.. Conon p$dwri6D nuctoar€d due ro p6t<br />
wotEr ed Fsl atlck b.fm 1979. Sugsdc yiclb hrvc be. *ric dring I970s.<br />
Thc ovcBAc p€r acE yicld of $gor 6* incs*d ion 193.75 munds in l97l to 425 2<br />
n.uds in l93l1r?. ,{16A. D.r &E ,i.ld 6f iob.cco v* 14.42 munds during tnis<br />
!€riod. The a@ und.r ftlits ieus.d nlm 0.58 F<strong>il</strong>lion acEs in l9?5 b 0.71 ntllton<br />
lcs in 19e0. The leld of nuitr Enaitud 6t!ii. i c 9l .4 mauds per acE dunng $k<br />
Tohl a2 oFps were sro*n in NWFP. P.i lcE yicld of $hear and sugadane wis<br />
low.$ as conpaEd b Punjab and Sind The yield per @ re of lobac co ws conpetitiver i'<br />
In ce ofNwFP dE ourDur of lruits rnd v4euble! h$ bc.n incre0sed nuh faner and<br />
Uie Sbwrh of frui6 ws twice rhal or v.g.hbles The tnnul avdase @. utde! iiuit<br />
@h.d 6672 afts md iolal pioduclion E.oh.d 28200lons in 1980. Polato, onion ind<br />
lomiio e predoniml vcSpllblc in lb. pbvinc.. Avcmge durl .@ Dnder v.gctlbl.<br />
*cludi.8 p.blo sctrai 10429 eB and NcdS€ rnnul Ptldudion l€&hed 56,4{Xr
T.bt 6,,<br />
Th4 .%n3. .!n!.1 .!Etq p.od*tlon .nd vl.ld !.r<br />
As6l svdgr ddin8 l97G7t AMtrl rvft€! deg 19?5-30<br />
rcE ot @Jor lood .bd 'oh<br />
NWFP turlri 197L75 [d l9]d0<br />
r],5 14.192 8.70 1770 t9_9t I1.26<br />
199 t0,t9t r3.0 806 ILl 1J.77<br />
1,19 426.19 230 98.69<br />
61 1.369 20,43 15.t2 r.206<br />
2t4 0.711 J.l8 218.9 0.E084 2.91<br />
70 0.4t2 5.89 68 0,165 5_t1<br />
o.!78 1.95 t19.1 l.t2l 8.81<br />
sF It<br />
s*:C'gll6a;aF*e. rd4rt",s{t'"t<br />
Th€ bble dbws rhlt d* .6!p .!Ml @ u!&r cultiv.ri@ of rll $. coF ims6.d<br />
Asrin pd @ ,i.ld .tbsr i@ in @ of whq( miz., sg|r cu .d b.jE *Nlc<br />
d.cs*d ir * of iotr@q gnn .!d jow-<br />
6.ir Sh... ofl.NvFP h lt. lod .ot Dnd*rlo.<br />
of P.U.nr<br />
IrE Fovi* dr.E of NWFP @in d rboli9 pct6rollll told col'D.d .E.d<br />
.b.rt 5 Fcat of llF lot l iD!.ad rd of th. Nncy durinS ln. de.dc or,97ftrx<br />
Food c6F cupin 80 Fd' ofdFlot l cultinLd d i!l.n{TP.nd co .ih{i.d @lv<br />
6 F.atofdF tot l foodcDp.oldE @unry, Tn 3hc ofNWTP i. oizc F.duction<br />
tueod b.tla $ .!n 60 Fcnr of th. idl produdid of llF counEv Tn! !l@ep our<br />
pot of food sni6 mir.d iffi in NWFP s onFd io Puijlb Dd Sind ln c.E oa<br />
$Bf 6rc IIWFP con[ibltcd 12 !.@nt.l !v.6!c 1o dE !ol!l poduc.im of lh.<br />
@ftr'rr. N\VFP dEi6[l.d ?o F'wr of $. !ol,l iot @ ollhl(iLn Tt liv6r&k<br />
fislsi4 sd foEty .@6Ld for 30 pc@nt of lsticulrnl GDP ol Pst<strong>il</strong>ld TlE<br />
liBtock slor dldbuLd Estly s l<strong>il</strong>hoiB 6d f@tty log.rter @nprb.d onlv l.l<br />
p.Iqt olllF torll rgncDltunl dl pll"':. It. pd €Pib DorlEy popul.tim in deeeldrg<br />
oda ws 0.89, 0,4r, 0.3! .nd 0.29 clletiwty in l!!rlT?l S.lch<strong>il</strong>lan, Sind dd Pujrb<br />
nc D.r oD<strong>il</strong>! o!td. Fpoldion w hidlct in NWIP (0 27) wniL 0!.r ofbufll@s wt3<br />
hish6 i, Puj!6 (0,16)rrr, Ixc !h.E of l.lwFP in totll lirslock prcdelioD of thc<br />
coudry l@itud 15 F@.rra. Ahout 5.1 Dt@ln of th.lohl Fpon d d. of Patifi.<br />
was nd.r fost in l98l,ltr {6. ofNWFP, fonrd. lws3l n<strong>il</strong>lion.crc! m.Ling 15
p€renl offie t
n<strong>il</strong>ion rc d 56.t p€lqr of lh. bbl cuki$ed d of 0!. courty wh.rc s N'\!T?<br />
alnDbd o.ly ftr 4.?0 n<strong>il</strong>lion ocEs or 95 p€e ol tlE roul cultiwtd hnd in<br />
PatGh in I9321'?e. sin<strong>il</strong>'ly Plnjcb's sh.t in .h. loltl itrig&d aEi ol fie @u'bv *is<br />
oler 70 pemt wh<strong>il</strong>e rwF? h.d only 5 p.Dnt shrrc in <strong>il</strong>t bbl ln Pmjib 95 percet't<br />
of6€ cultivated rEa @ iniSrt d it 1982 *hiL in NWFP ihc con€spdnding fuue sas<br />
only 40 percalrro. Ttu gEen Flollrion l..hnologies htd, rhcrcfore, gle.br inpel o'<br />
Punjab\ .SricultuE od nther smll on the aBlicultuE of NWFP. The policv followel<br />
sas for thd wbole of Pakidan dnd did not loke into consid€tstion lhe sp4ificirv of rhe<br />
f.IwFP in lerms of the ina*sib<strong>il</strong>ny of rhc Ggion and oa'giml lames opdarins on<br />
The conc€ntdions of rh. ADBP lo.ns *crc biisd towtrds developnol Pu+oses<br />
ind lo$dds lame6 Ei.g 6oden inpul!. This lpph.ch was .dr verv h.lptul lo the bull<br />
df smll lam.6 in l{wFP wio ,.re umbla to modcdie beau* of i'h@ land sib<br />
ond tien low-incme level. ln l98l, Fi.85.ll n<strong>il</strong>lion ws disblFgl b $€ NVTP, which<br />
ltr 5.5 p.rd of nE iolll. i.fWFP hs lh.loEi.Ea ad h.N.lorcl sh*"' Tl€<br />
irdlow of rb@ n<strong>il</strong>lior Afgh.n Efueer in l9?9 in fi. NWIP funnd conpoundcd $€<br />
poblfl wftn dE fn-Eching inglic.dc for th. emny, 6viMe dd rhc lev.l of<br />
otr-fam employnerr. ThlftfoE owr tlE ds&, !nd.r Evia (1960 1930) n<strong>il</strong>lio. of<br />
ft e6leh dE poviM for olh.r pans of@uniry !'d abotd<br />
aericubre ard induby rhe donomy of NWFP sls uMble b aberb the su+lus l.bor<br />
and dudng $e 9 ydB p.riod fron 1972 b 1980, dr. rct misDlion lion ihe poline for<br />
srch oljob srood l.o2m<strong>il</strong>lionrl.<br />
5l Agrlculture d€v€lopEe du.lng 1980trnd |9903<br />
In l93os, r n s asflcultuml policy w5s a.nounccd! which .xhor&d oD extended sle of<br />
priulc sror, Educlion in sublidi.s on lgf,culural inpuls and ino@*d supDon Dricas<br />
foi aglicnltunl comodities. An lgf,ounu<strong>il</strong>l pricc oommislion w$ esbbl&ned in 1931<br />
to Eonnend amral adjusttn.nl in suppon piic.s of agricultunl connodnies hking<br />
inio scounl oost of prodrdion, ner retln io fcm.6 and inl€mdtiMal pneJ!<br />
Alnosl all the Fseash .vdludio, repons pM.nted in laktulrn bv resarch<br />
oqanization slowed rh€ lack ol hum.n, fimnaial and malenal resources in aencultnre '<br />
ln 1930, a jainl mission of rh. Wotld Bank. USAID, itid CIDA cani.d oul innepdi<br />
eurdion of the mlioncl .sricultuol csarch systeh lhis mision rdonndded o<br />
moE aurdohous sbtus ld llF nrlioml Es.rci .st.blishm.n o povide eicntists w<strong>il</strong>h<br />
r congenid *o* envibmett. Th.reloE, in lt8l, $. agticuluml resrch coud<strong>il</strong> {6<br />
rnesigMbl .s Plkislln Asricultunl Rc$!rch Courc<strong>il</strong> {PARC) wi$ h€td qmncrlr
lslanabld lt helped the protinc isl r.search insl <strong>il</strong>Dlions bv orains suDpon in $e lom of<br />
hied p€Mft!, .quipncnt, ttuspon ind toiting of dsdch st fl Ir hc esrblish'd its<br />
own Mnlml and ESionol .grculo<strong>il</strong> llgeh ent B ar ldlMbld 'nd it nE Mor'<br />
p.ns oi th€ comiry. PARC i! d$ rrying b slv. fic prcblens conaooting nin_fci' a.id<br />
and h<strong>il</strong>l fimins. Ndioml ASncuftuFl Res.rrch Counc<strong>il</strong> (NARC) is c!!ryine a Eseaich<br />
on all srfrs of asriolltur itrludins crops, $<strong>il</strong>s. Uve$dk fotsq, lisheies. scio'<br />
conomic !5Fcb dd .sticult@ extnsion .tc<br />
In i.IwT?, lnc USAjD tutxlcd psjet on rnc tdf;md6 tnd intlsDtio of dE<br />
PFvircial AericulNnl N.l*orl (mAi.D nrncd in l9e6 TrE Poviftial AgriculluF<br />
Rosoarh svslen was hand.d over !o rn. NWFP A$cultu€ Un<strong>il</strong>c$iiv under lhc US<br />
Aid/llPAN Pbsran This pbj€ct Fovided<br />
runds b bu<strong>il</strong>d n.N fac<strong>il</strong>iries tr $e<br />
Arti.ulba Univmity Pdhawar od previ
dd.d iI asriclloc. $tnal oul Dlt uc@d &d its inPon f.ll lrom 2 D<strong>il</strong>lion ftetic<br />
bns i. 19?0s !o 0.5 n<strong>il</strong>ion n tsio lons ir 1930 The l4rd hlsesl of 124 f<strong>il</strong>lion io'es<br />
oi whal in 1932, @bb tne cou.ry, nol onlv lo achieve slf-suffci€ncv blr ako led to<br />
pbdldion of cxpodblc sualut of whar'L{<br />
The d*adc of l99os i! ch.ncteriz.n ry political i.lbb<strong>il</strong>ig' Mmover $e comrrv s8<br />
coping with ihe cff.cs ofsulf cnsh of 1990, @tural cllmitie! in rhe fom oi summer noods<br />
in 1991and 195,mdCurl-ldvo viss(whn iy) .@k m cono. cop in 1994-95<br />
In t€d of lgricuhint policies llleE 6 rdwtion in sublidi6 on agricultuEl itpuls<br />
inprcvenenl in support price! of lgricuftural crcps lnd d€nificanr incre* in tam<br />
For elving lhe pbbl.m of inLr-pdincial Mh dispure over ll<strong>il</strong>iation of Indus<br />
wlrcr, lndus W.tr Cmmitt!6 dd fomcd u(rsr clBimaslip of Adw Hn$ain in<br />
1968 md Faal ALbar in l9?1, ior the dloc.tion ofN'et.mong be prcvFcas Dur no<br />
d.cisio wr bk n. At l.d in l99l rhe chi.f ii.istd of .u $. fot plovircd a8r€€d to<br />
N.ti@l Walet Apportionn nt Accord l99l Accoding ro W et Appdionnql Accord<br />
1991, 3.73 MAF or 14 p€rcent ol $e hdus wie! wds rlloc.ted r' rh' NWFP bur <strong>il</strong> camol<br />
l<strong>il</strong>ia noE rh.n 2 MAF ot (3 p€rc.,o dG ahse of c.lals f€d bt lnduJ{' The<br />
pbvince kkin8 caml fac<strong>il</strong>iti.! lrm Indus crml ut<strong>il</strong>i4 is dE sh:ft lnd hcins an<br />
.nnual los of Rs.5.O b<strong>il</strong>im du. lo v6bSt ol its wdsrar'<br />
tn spitc oi the economic &d pol<strong>il</strong>ical sl€$es $e lgiiculture secior Frtbmed<br />
quirc wel. Th. .Sricdn|El srowdi Mtin d 4 p.EeDi pcr .nnun ddng 1990s fia<br />
yield levels ol ccels panicululy sheal lnd tie rcse bv 3 p.red pq tnnud lnd thrl of<br />
sugatane incr.sed by I 5 percont per annlm. nt she df agncnltt in GDP rcmoined<br />
25 p€rcenr .rd $€ almg. mutl sh.re of.8toultu to .xpon 6r P'kkbi rcmdned l7<br />
p.MDt. 55 F@nl otrh€ bbl populalion miD.d cnstgcd in agrjculbre'u The shn€<br />
of d.jor lnd iinor crcps rcoritud 46 lnd I?9 p€rcent olrhe bbl v'luc adde'l in<br />
agriculture. Lit3r@k account d lor 3l I D.bent of rne,tolll agriculturt valu' added<br />
Forcsty rnd lisicnca a@unLd @Idit.lv for 5 p.rnt ol lh€ bhl vllue nddal 'n<br />
Agrtcutrrc In NWFI drlng 1930t.d q)!<br />
Our of$e 4.6? m<strong>il</strong>lioo &r.s br.l cultival€d r@ in rh. povince 2 54 n<strong>il</strong>lion acrs Nrc0<br />
*s inigad. MoE tho 30 p.@nl of tE idgaled aM it tl'' pDvince ms undq cdl<br />
idiSltim cnd I I pdcenl u .r tobe w.tls .nd ods $!es ol inigalioth wnh dc<br />
conpletion ol cRBc projeol in l990s o 22 m<strong>il</strong>lion acr€s !6 dd'tcd 10 th' idg'ted mt<br />
of p6viner'?, TrE imtw in iftislLi !d tnousll tI sut6 w6 2 16 Flgl pdv@t
dunng l980s .nd 1990s. t nd holdinss w.a v.ry smll in r'IwFP 95 p€@'t or rh.<br />
nol
N\I/IP €ich.d 4,05 n<strong>il</strong>lio. &Es thal *6 l8 Frcent or toial seo4phic.l !g (25 14<br />
n<strong>il</strong>lion@et ofs.nled dklricllrs5.<br />
I<br />
Co.hiblrion otnsnuftctuing bolh ldg. dd mall sc.le rcetud 17.4 percent of<br />
th€ GDP of P.lii.n in 1998 At dt 3arc tinc ld8esle nsuftotun.g wls verv<br />
linir.d in rh. previ@ of |IWTP lii <strong>il</strong> hrdly @tib{ial 4 p.E. of the tobl<br />
mnui:tcn{ing of 0E NFy iD 19?116. Th.a @E .bo[ 2086 indudn.l utrit in rh.<br />
pDvi@, mployinS 77,900 p€MDs in l9?rrr. How*r nod of dF!. uni6 reDai.en<br />
cle. Mmy lhong th.s slpllei indusehl un<strong>il</strong>l weE umbL b he coutt d !s indusiial<br />
u<strong>il</strong>s b€cau!. lll ic. 'Muf&tudng ln<strong>il</strong>s Ntd cold siotlge w al$ co$it'i'd 0s<br />
iDddial mit. AE in out of &. 3l I sith m<strong>il</strong>l!, moc lho lBlr *.s .si|blishcd in private<br />
hl)m *ith i'|Bd b.lo* @ I'utdtcd tlFueri. Odlv 592 uD<strong>il</strong>! hld a. anrcshmr<br />
rh.r cxce.d Rt.5 m<strong>il</strong>lion. The litency dio i. |f,e povime @h.d ll 2 p.crt in<br />
1990 rhr( woe lovc! ihn lb. mliml lcvcl (l ? t Frce4o'$ Th. p.r .rpih CDP in<br />
Patier vaB $ 472 wnib i. r.IwFP ir was 1235 in 1996 At the 5.ne iim.46 percent<br />
population ofde p@vince lived belo' thd pov.ny lire idmined *ith US$ I Fr p€r$n
owetP,trfurPryhbcl]ls],4'@'+A<br />
rd@@r,(P+dccdlrrt<br />
's M N|t4[ lk&{bE(46 dw.di - Peb (uh vxed<br />
i shE d dr6^d;&; de r H@ d k. r'Ih vqd M"tu)'d<br />
rTJ'",'#,,,,,",,,,",,",,,","-,trpinbn,q,,, h nFora,dqr^<br />
pqsi6,ieiotud$'<strong>il</strong>'@deddtI6rd4n€h!;xNorra<br />
'sFin dlaeN{' dxb"+.d,rtre@&4r,&*.{!lid: nDE r*r<br />
rynPeidr cerM,ri|dhi fD. rqc) r3<br />
" tuid Hd@d cdrry tbtu, ft<br />
didq^d,*'n&,@&f,6F'<br />
lNI46ndfuryo'.i'r.9<br />
iN4;'kiDdchdiryogn|P39<br />
"s;r. &dft',eft(rE!d<br />
im,i'e'jdnioi{llllcd9dffit4v0,Noru(iLds+,d<br />
rdrPa<br />
'N4i$xdtuiryoDdr Pre<br />
rM.id^ldxhddrffi<br />
!' $'nd d Fd d ^ri.dm 6--;r;.re4 x@r qt &/tuddtpentN I<br />
t t,$d r'w h;tuL^d L w6v at h<br />
_sd r|s !im,,rEM u rd<br />
',vE ^MDi<br />
khi^Ed E. d!|4r/ o/teid tu4 r! Jor'bn6i d6d!i'6iN<br />
;t*,t{*-***.",, ,,,<br />
!Nrii.tudtuir,@'!Fdb Ptu r tu@na tuFttf r'a<br />
, effid al wFP ede ry olNvFP. le1z,r'l<br />
4* iho.tu4',@4,n ,tlk,cle:l$16U'i.d LD rqt rre<br />
- t,;;d<br />
^ , F*. b rd<br />
cbnn6 d ro{! ur'ianDo!! ","ir-<br />
'<br />
' tu Eidd &b D;i. emM d M<br />
- F* @6aFP tt7\vr3<br />
" i i; d-tr ft &;i** i@..<br />
^t -<br />
d@ oi e d<br />
rd|{dn*r (^@us udEcitalllo, ri4eor&Er4odsl@' r4dr D I<br />
' tuk<br />
'@q/Nrrr, tctL@.tr2<br />
::H.ti*.-*-^'.,.'" o,.t, E4&@ b,b M vd Ftu p4@. q Peq<br />
g,{rud! ffitud cdq tu rfl.ard Meidi bd@fl (rrMoD). P4
- E6aah5w12! iIMP, tt .r)<br />
'sd;ud 6d4 & vqd vo, r4d'' o Pe{4 (&fth R+ br.4D rqirq<br />
'!ri.ibuh5tu'6ft,<br />
^!!{Id<br />
-s&xd6ni!'opc(46sd<br />
ehi) ud xi!@fr lH Litu@<br />
rrHnu Mdr'ft@;ore ed edhh6rih iI H kdi (a).d@A&r o/<br />
shtHM&diEk*<br />
&;q!66'e-Edd{'q<br />
.d;4g;;G{$b-' EE'm<br />
d-;, r 6!a o L; da r.;in*.<br />
! Mdid. tu syla /r*d&ry al D. r tu ttvltrt6. terht .<br />
"<br />
^ur, (.!@.awF, hr eid! Rd rNoof stu dc.ti6<br />
dnsd^6<br />
^Fsrd €!h6* 4 ir tonjdd wd @6<br />
^@<br />
gdb'ri!ifud<br />
'^sd4bi''R6|D46FdlshkaaI6|/nn'inhrfudq|/dnhbn'<br />
(dn!r k.i!ry dtud hh@i,) vor eLi. N. r22 ('hE-sFi3, rs5l ! $<br />
b^Ed!|6sMydehii^!i.dhlbdqdhrr<br />
n sdnu K ousti .,l, rnL cdi rd RuBr Drbrnft sG elq 'i ,' ,ed tu\|bN,t RuEv<br />
vd*'l' Nor rs(s!lllE{d!m re&),e271<br />
qo'mdo.&n4lddcfuiqqqr|6.,J94'9'<br />
'ircNv6i,cNrydh4sdtu6@rtair&tdk<br />
n hni{!H{,r!ln:|e r|!oe d &r@ crEt<strong>il</strong><br />
$ Nqtud cMw q ovkdtuE te$,tk.i\r42<br />
lfufu'hNvF,FwqdwF<br />
ld@|en0W'Pur'd'dqdqdift4<br />
rdni. or ostt! dldqml ur@ d hturr&<br />
R.'d u tup;ry. rs!), F rrtr<br />
(tloff,tr4. r*r
'"'c;lm'd*q' rr,e.mdN.<br />
cl!6(dm.PDertr),p4<br />
'' z'iiq. ^<br />
'\ Nd;d ch\bbr d $tu'Lw.!e't,or.\\r<br />
'6 cut<br />
Ahi{bmtdF!olLwlds<br />
beDhd| shlotg q*F'' |911'| |,3<br />
''<br />
cn d r.js I s4d, Lqdiv m risd{ o'tr&6i h r<br />
49do4' &rr, 3 | r (splis re), p.e<br />
'! HeN4i dhv!. h,opctr f !<br />
iioBd^,n!tElRgrc|fui.oFi'ps<br />
]l|16^grdmlR64irrd'oPdlDJJ<br />
|i'PliM^Eic!fonjR.0rcicoei.o'.i(F,d<br />
i!M,tutss;xh\,Fr@netu ck8d d@te,}@ te<br />
INliodcnd$hno^gi.![F.lcl'.0F!!Ftrio<br />
'!EM^sicdrErisrchee<strong>il</strong>oP4 .<br />
i!rlfu|bh,6.nD.6<br />
r coEnno' d b;@ &tu{' &Attr<br />
'.ia ^ntu,6t vd 4 Mt? /ser, c6irw !6r^x<br />
''r;rtu.v@rc**aPfu<br />
'rM ^wbbm. b*iq b h srn h 6! E4int dlLv $dllle r6|l|vn dd rr '6udee']@l<br />
,";; rdtr b 6. tu Nd vd rc hiF (nP^N @jd ^@<br />
I' G;mrl d rd!,i. ,/b{d&,!tB othtuhr reet er,\MtrF^l<br />
't;J;id &*,,..-d<br />
s@ '; M /@hd tuEtwl h<br />
-nM;;L;;.d. vd $ d H{ dtu'da M.nbr<br />
^ri<br />
k;;";htud-*h,*rdffi ' 'ro*.tlqFtrsdbb, $;tu tMvd xIruNo<br />
Ptur tttt w34353<br />
r.ffiddNwF.$tu kb';n h^d R4N t% t7 @ t 43<br />
^'6t,<br />
- t" d. r* tYrP, (kiie o. klhri stu lh'*q<br />
^--.5.,-" '/ ^e'tud<br />
r'w;;s.d.tu* e-' lffi, *d4h E /d!d!,eqd/q'p!5
Cbepter 7<br />
Prospects, chrllenges rnd policy optiods<br />
The Nonn W6t Fmntid Prcvinc€ is a Doun|aino$ .c8iotr i mix.d with fdl<strong>il</strong>.<br />
valley of P€shawd in 1ne anla dd dry pld.s in lhe solthem pan of rhc piovinc..<br />
NWFP h uiqn€ flom aciculturc point of view bec.use it pots.s*s divesificd<br />
acicultu. Th. diveB<strong>il</strong>y of thc !.eion is E0*l.d tnouSh lhe 4ro_climatic<br />
maP oi<br />
Pakistan prcp,r€d by Asi€ultunl R..@h Coutu<strong>il</strong>, wh@ 6 out of l0 EgioB wca<br />
id@tificd in NWF? According lo 1998 cdsc, NWFP d<strong>il</strong> FATA consiitule 16 p@mt<br />
of $€ populalion of Patist n &d 48 perce ol the lobl labor force of $e povnce is<br />
agrs.d in acrcunuE ud cotrEibuiion of aSricultue lo $. GDP of prcvine slods 40<br />
Toral Fpon.d agricuhrral ldd in $. pov'nce iq 13 89 m<strong>il</strong>lion &6. Onl ot<br />
which 22.23 peM is @ulied by forst ed 2l 90 p.rcdt is uder cbp culri\€rion in<br />
addnion lo 22.49 pdcnt culti!.blc led tnal is bol ul<strong>il</strong>ied because of v&t ofwakl<br />
About 3 n<strong>il</strong>lion rcr.s lor6llsd is situated in Hee4 Dir, Swar, Chitral, and Kohista. A<br />
mininum of 1.5 b<strong>il</strong>lio. cnhic f*t of timbd k oblained fton n dEt eoulr lot moc<br />
lhd 250 b<strong>il</strong>lion rop*s.r Il const<strong>il</strong>ules abonl 16 p@€nl oflhc ioial contribliio6 nade bv<br />
for.sry in PalGtan.<br />
what ard haize e doninml fo.d copt 6f lh. Povi@. Tob@o sugt cme<br />
dd lugu beal @ major 6h crps. In NWFP.bout 7l p.tccnt oftie lotal tobacco dd<br />
15 terc€nl tolal slgem€ of Palisld d ptldu€d Il. provin e he pot€nlial to<br />
inc@c it! tob4co pnduction, Wide vdi.li6 of nuiG. e Frduccd in |IWFP md<br />
orchsds spread ov.r ?4,130 &r$ in |]wFP'. Thc clinale dd $<strong>il</strong> of NWFP is suiLbl.<br />
for vegetabl.s. SRat valley dd th. adlacd de6 ofHu@ {. the onlv sit.s rn Pakrtan<br />
wh€c 2, OO,OOO eres ldd is su<strong>il</strong>alt. for culfivation ofthis cop Td cultivarion n6 bc!<br />
sbn.d &d tarep46sing pldis ntvc bd insl.lled in 1990. About 2000 DrB l4d m<br />
Shinliari dd Khuat h€la is undct trce culdvatioo P€r capiia coNunption of t€a is l k g<br />
in ?atisla. ?ati3h Gupis lhc aend position in th. tca impod ang Britain lt it<br />
inponing la csting norc fie Rs. J.9 b<strong>il</strong>lion whi€h is Ih. s4qd latScsl impon b<strong>il</strong>l<br />
altd edible o<strong>il</strong>. Hug. prcfit colld be emed ud disguisd ln.nplo)mehl could be cue
yield pq ac is low in the plovinc.. Yield oa nost of asriCnltue cops is far belos rbd<br />
th€ &hi.vable pohti.l Lv.ls. The pcdt i.ld lq€l of the crcps is onlv 23 p€rcenl of<br />
its poldlial du€ 1o ! trMbd ot co$t6in|s t&.d by the fm6 Emcieni melgemal of<br />
lhe asri.ulrurl r€*Nh dd pro
Thft is more lhd 4o,o0o MW el@tDcitv g€nqating proj@ts capeitv in NWFP<br />
oi Rivd hdu alonc. Sim<strong>il</strong>4lv 2O,OOO MW Dotcnlial is ava<strong>il</strong>able on Ri!€r Swaf" Cosl<br />
of lDdrction of hydb+lctric<strong>il</strong>y in NWFP is qune bw<br />
Ch.ll.ry6<br />
Sev€n asencies md seven ftuntis rcgions pos6ses sbove l0 m<strong>il</strong>lion population<br />
dd abour 2?220 sq tn goSr.phical d€a bordd lbe povinc€" Srict obsflel of<br />
rcligjo! @d rdnemr to ptislin cultul cod6 ed value caus€d <strong>il</strong>l sio_&nobrc<br />
$agnation Poveny sdcko igrDrel na6s6 of Fo ie( prcvince with iben welike<br />
rm!.@@ts hav. b€d al*ay3 al dagad dr6wn w<strong>il</strong>! lhe oling ciEle Th. p66 dd<br />
vall.yr innalning by Parntb n.s ehold with the Srrnlite of fte€don lishrm dd<br />
kept ihc r€sidflce alive righl ftom the dars of Mughals up !o the presenl Relieror dd<br />
self-respet play.d lhe nle of calallst in 0t€ political a<strong>il</strong>airs of thc r.8ion md in<br />
sodh.adiry their ttruEgle .8.insl rhe rhen ro16 Batuid A@di ed Khusnal (nan<br />
KnanEt foueh w<strong>il</strong>b Muehal dpemn. F.qi. of lppi od Haji Sshih of Tlmgzi Ncrc<br />
dieh.rd opponenG of Br<strong>il</strong>ish /oJ dd lald vocif€lous PoPonols of Paldlunisle bogev<br />
all us€d Elision {d trlmw nalionalis agaitul cdtralisl power dd lh. incubdl<br />
The hdsh &d ngid behaviors oa lht hib*men towdds lhe adFin'stral'o'<br />
hif,d.retl rhe dev.lopmat works i! lhe egion. Th€n hdEviot towards lhe coNlruclion of<br />
cd.h ud not 6iendly. Duins th. Br<strong>il</strong>ish Pqiod wnib diseinS ofcaals in lhe Fovic.<br />
the wo.k s<strong>il</strong>es wft attacked by mobs od ihe gov@€nl was io depute sccuntt Suards<br />
on lll.e s<strong>il</strong>6 dd s a sDlt th€ exp€mes on guards raised th. cost of th6o prcFls<br />
coNid@bly. Tnc Sov.tmat us.d force ro suuue lh. uPrisinss ed no hed wd pa'd<br />
to mclionte sio-4ononic @ndni@ of rh€ people of this Egion that ould hav'<br />
rdcd lhe Mbulfl ms*s.nb adthlllcrdens<br />
P.listan greMh stralegy fion the very bcgimin8 hs ba to &hid' src*lh bv<br />
nising U€ swi.g lcvel md lhccfore incr.e inveslrnal lcvels lte main $urce of<br />
inv6lndt $6 forcigh aid in lhc post independeoce €ra Mdl of the invdlmenls ver€<br />
6@c.d by US .id. Tney wcc made in alc.dv dwelqp.d d€s ('gri'lltmllv fld<br />
indusldallv) of lhc IndE bdi. ldvins ontv I fcw pmjdt! for the Enol rgrculluol<br />
dea ol I.IWFP dd Balnchistanir, Inveslndls were rude on lhe basis of ptuponion of<br />
l5l
population po$esd by the proviMe dd no prionly Yd given b bnng backw&d<br />
regions lik€ |,IWFP 4d Bahcnish in Miffr@.<br />
The prsl alming s<strong>il</strong>uation o$lfing lhe Fhole counq n in coninualion to<br />
the p6r p@tices ed it inledfiod alter 9/l I ''. Covemn..l hd lauched w& asaosl<br />
Talibdiatio. dd n<strong>il</strong>ira.cy. Th. pBtling un6r ed uncenainlv is afretins cv.ry<br />
segnot of life md d€velopn€ni worlc could noi be cdied oul in such woBl law dd<br />
odd sn!aion'5. Who jobl6s hobs su<strong>il</strong>d {ononic depdvttion in a. ovirMcnt of<br />
iolt isnodce lhcy v.ry h.pp<strong>il</strong>y join lhe dk! of farEtics lik€ Talib& Hdce lrt of<br />
€conomic oppofiunni.s, absenoe of ole of law have puh.d md h plshing work fofte,<br />
u.be clit dd inv*lo6 lo nig6t.lo the uthu cdles oa Pu.jab dd Sind"<br />
According lo soelor Adcl NWFP govemenl ha no control ovelrs GouEes<br />
ed is rho!€lo@ unablc to make prog.€s in educ.tioi, h€allh, colmunicatio., agncultut<br />
dd indusrry The povinci.l sovemdt hd nSht ovq only o. its fivc- p@61 re$urces<br />
wh<strong>il</strong>e 95 pwenl d. b.ins contrcllcd !y rh. a.ddl govehhqt Thc provihcial .nnual<br />
income fio6 hyd€l el.clricny sum! Rs,25 b<strong>il</strong>lions wh<strong>il</strong>e the ledeFl solcmnenl<br />
is paving<br />
only Rs.6 b<strong>il</strong>lion Mo@v€r abod onc diUion squ@ &rc f..l warer of N\WP is scd bv<br />
Puiab. Tbn waler idigales llre D<strong>il</strong>lior eEs lud in Pu.jab bul nol . single po.v rs<br />
paid lo NWFP. The prcvincitl idcome noh iobcco equah R6 s0 b<strong>il</strong>lion od centnl<br />
sovelmd Pars only Rs-7.2 b<strong>il</strong>lionr.<br />
O$r ntn chall€ng6 f.ced by fming comu.itiG d ldd_lordnh &d<br />
hasrnentation of ldd inlo sall .nd u{onomic lddloldin8s, deiciencv of iriga on<br />
walei, lek of l€chnictl knowledge edudlion {d €rtasion fac<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>iG wid€ spcad<br />
poveny among fm.F md inad.quab crcd<strong>il</strong> fe<strong>il</strong>iti6, s.gesation of sex qp.nsle<br />
fm inDuls md non.ava<strong>il</strong>abihy ofqualiy se.ds, fen<strong>il</strong>ize6 dd pesticid.s, lck of roads<br />
AoD 6cld ro mdkei tow pri.6 of asrcultut t oul Pu! ab6ace of aero_b6ed indwuid<br />
ed flood of Afsnm lefueees. SiDldy tne ncgaiive afi@ts of use of modem agriculiutal<br />
inputs like ten<strong>il</strong>izen od pesdcidd hG c@t d .l@in8 €.liromenlal pollution<br />
L. lordi.m nd fi4n.lt do! ofldd hto lrMtrotlc l.lditrg]<br />
Thc aBee shcm $s preddrnellv ,erdal iuj Fom rh. rne oi vushn<br />
rule, whd alsle€ l4ndlordism origioaied First CrcuP wd of zdindds poss'ssmg<br />
w (d'td 1_5l0o8)<br />
152
hdeliwy rights oftating l.ibrt€ fion t<strong>il</strong>lerofldd k€epin! l0lo 2t perce ofitforbim<br />
selfdd disp.tching the rmainine to dt€ror. Saond w@ jaerda who w* 8r&ied<br />
Lftirod6 for then ni[try sdi6 dd |ne jtgis e@ q@Pl.d fbn payndr ol<br />
Bana Bntish 4rablishcd |he explicn fiSr !o on6hip of lmd. zdindd dd<br />
Jagirdm s€e allotLd biS lols of agricuhunl l&d !I{t th€ larlet wd cx.mPled to pav<br />
agicultml td. Atl.! independqce fie gov.mn nl oflakntd intrcduced ldd r€foms<br />
in 19s9. 1972 md 197? lo put d 6d to landlordisn, lo imprcve own€ship patten, dd<br />
ro sEbrl?e rhe snall.r f'Jm dd lo lEvnt rher 6trhr 'uMivieon'. Bu dde ro<br />
nMfru qc@tion claus! all tlr6e led rcfoms *ere no1 $cc*sful Onlv a few<br />
n<strong>il</strong>lion eB of ldd ws obtained 6 . Bull of all th* lud refoms of which onlv 50<br />
p4ml ss suibblc for laming<br />
In NWFP the pbvincirn Cpvemnl in its i.divid@l cQ.cny lried to abolish<br />
jagirdai srstd ed cxpbnador of t€hmls by mindm. The oost mponel weE fie<br />
abolirion of lnmdsi ed Jagirdri s,5ld in l9l8 h Pre-Panidon era ed Nwl?<br />
lemcy Acr 1950 lollowai by NWFP Poldtion dd Resloation Acl 1951. Afi:.r<br />
rndependm. 'n addition lo Lb€ r€foms 'nuod(cd by p;vincial govffdt, cmhl<br />
govelmor als inrrcdEed land-rcfoms i. 1959 dd r9?2, but thc cun wd far non<br />
stisforion. ln 1981, l0 pel6r of the enftc !8Fculure ldd wG in $. h&ds of 0.5<br />
pftot of lddowncs who own d noF thu 150 actes pcr nad ' Due lo prevalenl<br />
lslmic law of inherit&ce lhe lmd wa pan<strong>il</strong>ion€d mong the inh€r<strong>il</strong>oB. Theefo6 90<br />
p.rdr fms in op..ation h NWIP wq€ not n*ting tbe oficial cribnon of slbsGlence<br />
holdrnes ftec is r ro of m,r8inal ownd dom,@ind b N$FP Tn.y mo{ly use<br />
fan<strong>il</strong>y labor dd pbduc. for fm<strong>il</strong>y @mmplion. Fragn@rarion of l4d in norc Ibm 20<br />
smU pekels e.rc scaiiosl on vdiour pl.c6. Aho lod in NWFP h nol a producliv€<br />
sinPujabadsindr'.<br />
shorrrge ofirrlSrtlon wrt r<br />
The pG &d posl ind€pend€nc€ tSticuhut.l Polici€s of cential govemne r@t<br />
nore aftendo. lo th. Indus bsin rcgons (Punjab ed Sind) dd lh. l.st to botde!<br />
povircs of NWFP &d Baluhi.tan lnigrlion syscn in NVFP is vdy poor ald3 5<br />
miUion &c ldd b ltlng m-iEi$led dn€ lo sbsde ofpmFr c&al stsi@ Again 40<br />
p@qt wal{ is w6tcd in lh€ d€liv.ry ryslcn due lo inpopq design sd maint in€d<br />
153
waletuus€s. some wo* on this 61r€l w4 staied in nid 1970 under oi fd walf<br />
Mddgnnl Prcj*l' (OFWM) ed to $ne.xtot suc€6s hd ban .chieved bul lb@ is<br />
n..d of funhd work in lhis field. Oul oa lhc toial cultivated dq 95 p.rcent wd irigarcd<br />
in Pujab ed9? p@.nt in Sind. O.lhcother sid.40 pe\ml dd 39 p€rcenl ofth€ lotal<br />
cultvded lad m llwlP ind Btluchiq& *R mrat.d rcsldNcl/<br />
wld. sprc.d pd.rrt .m!8 rrms.!d l!id€q!.t. d€dir frcllld6<br />
Mosl of &€ t'fic6 in l.tWFP d€ poor hrvins snall pia.s of led e agricullml<br />
policies in tbe provinc. should be in f u ofpqor md Mall lddholde* An.ctcultunl<br />
ccdit policy lhal hd iSno!€d lhc snall famc* may fcus on snall fameB givin8 them<br />
l@s on esy lems. cuncnlly de pJovinc€ h spending hardlv onc pdc€nt ofprovincial<br />
d4.lopmql oul lay on a8.icuhr.<br />
Lrk ofrdndc.l lootl.dg.' .duetiotr r .tt rsior ftc<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>iB<br />
Policy nak€6. csc@he6, qrensio. wolkcn ad fde6 @ .guallv Glonsible<br />
for in€mci€ncy of Agricullw in lh€ povince, The over all eoals befoE them e to<br />
ohai! *ll-suficimcy in food dd 6bd ptoducdon. Existehce of e$@h stxtion n €.ch<br />
lGalc of lhe previmc b th! GloBib<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>y of thc govm.rf ln NWFP. th6€ e I I<br />
smdl dd big re@h s|ltios .l veiou pla6, Exidion Presms r.in famq atoul<br />
n.w m€thods of t<strong>il</strong>lase od infom lhd of lal6t developmqt ih fming t*hnique Tne<br />
exislinS exteBio. plo8rafrs are ioefficient ed poor in qual<strong>il</strong>y The extdsion workeis<br />
on.n lrct adequale skiUs, developnst aunds ed fac<strong>il</strong>iti€s that nate th€ir l6k of<br />
impoving the ndagd.ot st<strong>il</strong>l of tne aamd dificult. In NWIP nall lm6 pr€va<strong>il</strong><br />
ed snrll fme6 e ieno'ld in exlffion .diviti6.<br />
Etp.llive fTd inpll! .!d lon-.ltll.blllty of qu,lity ...dn f.rt<strong>il</strong>i%6 ntrd<br />
A najor proponio. of t<strong>il</strong>l6 in NWFI consi:l of shall tmes hNns<br />
SagDot€d lods- So rhdc is a ndd ol prcvkion of MaI m&hincry rath.r thd bi8 onc.<br />
Th. otnd prcblfl is thc uavl<strong>il</strong>ab<strong>il</strong>ity of qul<strong>il</strong>y inpurs or lleMbl. pri6. Th€ intutr<br />
e noi ava<strong>il</strong>able to lh. fom6 on ptupd tim. and p.ie. Th. bis fm.n cm sel lhcse<br />
inpuls by $€n oM influchc€ ed rcsonrc€s {,h<strong>il</strong>e snall fmet6 canno! meet Lek or<br />
rce$ ro Inpuls cF,r$ r lor of lxndfl.e ro rncrese lhe tericulludl ou pur Ptrsisknl<br />
povdy dd tek of cap<strong>il</strong>al ed nign co$ conslrain lsal fmd's ab<strong>il</strong>nv to dopt new<br />
154
costly tohnologios ud to us€ flouch nod€m inputs like fert<strong>il</strong>im ed pdticid.s<br />
Major constni.c in succe$ful ed noE t.qu€hl <strong>il</strong>se otpdticides rc adultdtion in<br />
p6ricid6, hiS! cosr of chmicak ed l&k of knowledge about tteir use. Thc<br />
comuFplion of fen<strong>il</strong>iz€r, hi8l yicld vri€ty sed dd psticides is low s conparcd lo<br />
o$d arri.ulluBlly ddelopcd pmvincd of Palista.<br />
Lrcl ol re.d! lrom 6.ld 1o mrk ( .od l.ck of or.g. f..<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>i6<br />
NWFP.<br />
Th.rc is a lmt of fam lo lwlcl o.&. Thcrc G de l&k of slonge fac<strong>il</strong>ni6 in<br />
Low prL6 of rgrl.rtur.l ont plt<br />
Popcr pnc6 of oul put play d ihpondi Dle lo incre tlre agriculi!61<br />
pmduction In Pakisid 0re prics of .ops paniculely food grtins were kepl belo* the<br />
wond prices by govemdt i.tentionally to b@3i lhq urbm indnshi,l vorkds<br />
Lrck ofttftn<strong>il</strong>on row.rds Livesto.k $d Fonliry<br />
Liv6t@k &d h6hy have b€ti4 out put ed sugpon higr' p@€nlage of<br />
nouschold. Thd€loE d urs€ for ddelophcnt ol lh. livdtct s@tor by pDviding nry<br />
brc.& lor n<strong>il</strong>t and b@f i. felt. This *clor cd Bis lhc i.cone level of the hou*hold in<br />
nonhcm nounlainos 6 v€ll s sulhm din-lcd plm6. Appmximalely 20 perd of<br />
thc in@nc of inc fam howhold dd ldd-l* fd<strong>il</strong>is con€ frDn oinal husbedry, A<br />
sisnificer popularion in Ha4a, Malal@d dd Dm I$;l Khd Divisio6 depd& on<br />
li!.8bct dd ik minants for lheir livelih@&. Thc prcvi.e hs l&g€st dea undq<br />
Abr.lc€ ol qrcbrs.d ind$tri€s<br />
Ind$trially NWIP is ore of dE b&kwdd piwi.c€h of the coutry b*alsc of ns<br />
dGlec. fon ths pons, mtw ol temin, .lmi.B law dd order sn@tion ed lac* oa<br />
sk<strong>il</strong>lcd ndpows, Th6 previtue *s utuble to an@t i.v€stmot. TIE €xistins indlsri6<br />
e concomi.d in lew a6 ofthe pbvince l<strong>il</strong>c Pcsh.wd, M&dd, Chasdda, Hdiput,<br />
Novshcd dd Abbotabad. An urgql ne.d for cq!.1rpE d offe<strong>il</strong>ni6lhrcust out lhc<br />
povinc. ws fell. The chet on potuladon 8rcwth, Irdsfodalion of laboi aorcc,<br />
rddirional invBtm€nr md c@istenl indust ial Soverme( policy in ihe prcvioce *4<br />
felt int.n&ly as th@ is no cocistency i. existing Sovcment policy.<br />
155
Th€ inccntiv6 previded to Cad@n eui indosrrial 6tare w€E suddoly<br />
w'lhdrawn in 1990s whicn h@e
mi€r !o agricultul daelopn.nt in lhe pDvince is tbe lihit€d supply of<br />
iftigalion wald. The cuent supply of w.ld ton culs 6 w€ll a ube sells is<br />
nol sumcicni ed lh@ h a ne€d ofbu<strong>il</strong>dinB sm.ll md ldse dds, dcalalio. of<br />
coals &d inslallarion oftube v€lk.<br />
The bldleiary allocation for agriculiue should b€ incHed. Golemde.l should<br />
prcvid. inreGt fre loes on *y t.m! ro fmd for lhe purche of bsic inputs<br />
such a sc.d, len<strong>il</strong>izd, fm n&hin ry &d for sttin8 up of ago-basd<br />
indGui.r, Gov@@t should povidc aubsidy b tlie snall fmc6 in onc way or<br />
Gotemn.nr should iml€e lhe nudbd ol Mmb statio in *h l*alny<br />
6p6irlly applicd expdinotal6e@h st.lions s thal lhe fmc6 nay bc k.pl<br />
i.fomcd of the day lo dly newly $.dchcd higl yield vdeties ol difTetenl<br />
cops, $e latesr recomended doe oi p€siicides md herbicides. These exleneon<br />
workcB should be made nob<strong>il</strong>e e $.1 lhcy @uld oonvey their tnoql.dge lo the<br />
fm6 at thcir fmg Tbe €xltuion infomalion pertaini.s exldsion &ivni€s<br />
should b. sp@d though nedia. Thc rppli.d l€wn tudings nay bc conv.y.d<br />
!o $e fm.E in the pdnlei fom in $. l@rl did6t.<br />
As toosr of $e fm6 in N WFP havc vcry sall larid nohngs $ the aericull@l<br />
policid in lhc 'H snodd be in favor of snall fmd. Agricuhural cr.dn vhich<br />
hrs ignolcd the urll fames may be lbcusel on snall fameB giving thcm lods<br />
f@ of inteesl or w<strong>il</strong>h nlninud inte$l.<br />
Tnc orh.r poblds thal need pbp* ntcntion is the wa<strong>il</strong>ab<strong>il</strong>ity of qu.hy inpuls<br />
on |.e..b|. pric6. So thm is a diE nc.d ro suE lh€ ava<strong>il</strong>ab<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>y oa inPuE on<br />
pops tin. dd price The big fam6 cd gei th* inturs by h@k or by ctuk<br />
wh<strong>il</strong>. !m!ll fms letd a speial atlotion. kck of &6s lo inpul crc!16 ! lot<br />
olbindtuce to incree ihe agrjcutu.al o pui.<br />
Therc is a nced of famd golping or e$cialion o. v<strong>il</strong>loge lcvel, who co<br />
cEsr€ un<strong>il</strong>y molg a@€rs! ce solvc thcn dMcial dd ecial prcbl.Es sd ce<br />
dmge cxlosion sdic€s. Th6c fmes ssiatons wiu nainlain<br />
*at Nours.s, $lve dislntq ESading wlter, cd arug€ g@d qudni€s of s.'ds<br />
dd Ln<strong>il</strong>ircr. Mo@v6, lhey w<strong>il</strong>l bc a!1. b afuee ene tunds lor needv<br />
157
peetu, cont&l highd olficials for iraininS oi <strong>il</strong>s menb€s avarlabrlrly dd can<br />
.lo noy otnd collclive devclopnc.ul worlc lik€ ava<strong>il</strong>abihy of Fesporl,<br />
nai enme of nad, hclw of w.ld. Th.y w<strong>il</strong>l be v€ry b€refcial 6 lhcy can<br />
ds cmt Na@6 mong rhc fmd about then n8hs. Ar $me pl&6 du. ro<br />
$nc pohi€ rhe asiatioB mry a&c hubl.s bnt wirh rh. pasSe of r'me<br />
rh* ftoubl6 .ould be or!fum€<br />
Pbpd pncs of agricuhr.l ourput pl.y e inponat Fle to incEe lhc<br />
agricnltuml poduclion. Gov.mot should try lo pmvide such a mdkedng<br />
sylin dat @w$ pFper dd st 6lc pDc6. Tbe rcl€ of ni.ldlnd should b.<br />
abmdoned. Govtu€nl should af!.ge foreign ndt€ts for don€slic agncultudl<br />
prcducrs like fruns ed veg€tables, tu lh.!e it€ms e noG pdishable e better<br />
storag. fr<strong>il</strong>iti.s e€ nGt lor lhd,<br />
Th. povime ofNwFP, apsially th. adj&enl FATA hd tte polential lo double<br />
iB foesl ag th6ud the rhFsrarioo .lforrs. Palistan's foEn Flicy sullded<br />
fron I&k of prcpd efoms ad nainraining tte slatuesqu€ hd bq lh€ nain<br />
thdc of fi. @ut y3 foct policy.<br />
> Civ€mftt should dco@gc livcl@t by suppllhns nfl bn ds for n<strong>il</strong>* ti<br />
mdt s lhis elor is playin8 6 imporrdr Dlc io nis 1n€ in@De lwel of tte<br />
Beter mek€ting md impnv€d inftesmci!rc cd suEly help s€nins due price lor<br />
lhe outpul md eE@ mininizing $dsponaion cosls. Govmot should<br />
pbvide such a markding syslem, which .Nures the prcp€r dd sltble pliccs<br />
Gov.Im6t snonld deg€ for€ign hdkds for domslic aericullul pFduce so<br />
drat the fm€6 could 8B1 the be(d pnc.s of ft.ir prcduc€<br />
Th@ is urg€nl .4d of prcvision of fm lo n&tet oads s €dly 6 Posiblc.<br />
als b€ftq sloEg€ f&<strong>il</strong>nid c lh. n..d ol linc.<br />
P*l od h.ris chak &d contol st$d dFlld be bodmized dd m2de<br />
clT€live & rhat snal f.md my bc a!1. lo u. psticides add h€.bicid6 w<strong>il</strong>h<br />
od ey fed of physical ed fimi.l 16.<br />
158
' Mim M, Nuir od s.iy.d. Zi! Al J^.ry. Of-Iam E"vtotwd s ie NMt 1,s! FrMtiq<br />
Prceine of Po*xta\qKtnvmd!: (IcMoD)).t3 l<br />
' Mmistry of food, A8nclltur md Liw$ooh Islm.bd rnd J,p€n btcnational Coop@lion<br />
&ency, P.kisb, .to.i,-r.o,onrc B8etine Sud.t lat<br />
N tr F P, lMtt ch,2042 ),<br />
pD, | 2<br />
Ru.at .,|sticuttotul Ded.pnent in<br />
' Eq)ish dl<strong>il</strong>y tt'. Fa,t.r Pd, P.sh.*d. ( Apnl 27, I996)<br />
'co@mrofNwP,l"'t FPD.eelopMt stdbti5 1995-,p9.87-lcD<br />
' Prhsbn Agncultul R.@h C6uo<strong>il</strong>, wany Ncws Leftr. Msch, 2002 dd rhe mnlhly<br />
zui Ja/ra4 vol:33, No.3, ( Oerob< 2OO9)<br />
'&tt AKbs o*t vi* oINWP,4FaleE, ( P6b.wr NESPAK€PCV, 1994), p.r3<br />
! Z.hn Sh.[ English &rly It. Fbnlir P,t . (ls!!ry 14, I995)<br />
'Un<strong>il</strong>cd Sllles Agmoy fq Inlmnoal dev.lopml, S@icEcononic pbf<strong>il</strong>c olKbyb.i<br />
Agdcy, P.lhrM, Dece6be, 1993, pp.7'l0<br />
r0 Enslbh d.<strong>il</strong>y fisr,M, (Msc\ 30.1998)<br />
" So.ieEn"Mic Belitu Sudey Id Rural lgrie4unl Dewlopndt ia NWP Op.c;r,p.z<br />
" F.iallahjd bing thc ri6.l by ui.g glnd in tlt Figlih dt<strong>il</strong>y Srdr6ru' Peslewe<br />
" Zingcl, wolfgolg-pek! 'Som c@Mi. sd s@ial problem ofPckisla. i. 1930d in or?',<br />
Op I ad. n. 23.2. t982, 99.2@.280<br />
r' Motlnftd Alt Saif wdt'fu mnreFad .!d b.yond' in tb. E4lish d<strong>il</strong>y St'kuz,<br />
P6bw (rsu..y 30, 2008)<br />
- Ibid<br />
t1 FiE !.M. s.lid. Ruzl-Urban Miatarid ,, Prtirrt ( L!ha: v&udd, 1933), p 37<br />
lf H@in. A, rAd R.fm i. Edritu: r R.{6id.Btio in dE ,/L,'n io.'.a1'Pn A'im<br />
S.rolz, Vol.16,No.l, r'p..tG52<br />
'' s!id..nd Mio, Op.o<strong>il</strong>., p.49<br />
" Sh.hid, Kedlr, l/'r Polr,r.dl ,e nM, of Pa*kton , (Lrlrcft: Plogresiv. Publishss, 1937).<br />
1'M.rysc,itni EMha tty F6rul, in rnc onb d.<strong>il</strong>v M64fq Pcslt*r ( F.rMv<br />
12,2003)
Chrpter E<br />
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION<br />
Thc main focus of this study ha b@n to r.view historical .xp@ence in ogricultural<br />
dd.loDhdt of Nonll W$l Frcndd rovince in t€m of glowth. Th. study stans wnn $.<br />
slatandt of r.s.el prcbld ed thoEtical nddork folqwed by th. idodetion to hd<br />
p@pl. ed sgddlfire in rWFP. Tn ch.iplq on hhtodcal b@tgroud u.!€<strong>il</strong>s ftal rhe FPon<br />
cororituring Nodr W6t lFntid Pmvince w6 d .qul looiine .c@omically wit! oftq Pans of<br />
pEent P.kisre in tbe pGBdiirh.ra. fte pace of agricultMl dev€lopnenl fteived gsi.r<br />
impeG in thc re8roN consl<strong>il</strong>uling pEenl ?alis!.n durirs th€ l6i qu.n€t of 19lh c€dury sd<br />
dly tlc<br />
of 20rh Htury whd Br<strong>il</strong>ih lavithed nosl of lhc anadon on iriSi.rlon d.v.loPndl<br />
in Sub.onrin€d. rhe Bnish Gov@€nl w6 atuered by rh. indstrious p.asFy md v.sr<br />
thiBty plan! of the hdus bsin dd found ttt bAi. nost suitabl. for lmpv inv€sincnl 'r<br />
inigation, Thcy concdrrated on iricration devdlopm.nt of sind sd Punjab dd the Ind$ bain<br />
cMl3}!r@'cn€rs€d s on€ olll)c lde6t jniS.lion systss ofd. world tlat wd caP.bl. of<br />
..ntrcing ddue of govm.nl ed .ls @uld supply N ml€ri.lt for lhe fadorid ir<br />
The Nonh W€sl F.o.tier dishicls could not benefi1 to lh. sm€ dtot ftom li€r€<br />
dd.lotdcrh s olhd previ.c€s paniculely Punj.b ad Sind. IniS.tion prcj@b wetc nol<br />
ceied out in bordq deas, coftlituling p64t Povin 6 of NWFP ald aahchisl4 liBllv<br />
beu. of the h<strong>il</strong>ly ldd5.atc .rd s@ldly du. to vd l<strong>il</strong>c lenPe@cnts Dd slrms an4h6@r<br />
to clllurc !!d rcligon of thc P@pl€ inhabitinS $6e bordd rcSions P@ple i.haliting ih.F<br />
Fgiont could nol lva<strong>il</strong> thc opportuity beclu& of their sliff rcsist nc. againsl Biitkb<br />
sovffdr in lh€ fom of holy J.had (fiel lor Pe6ele@c€ of Eligjon) that diseun€d $@ in<br />
rh€ ey6 of colonial tu1e6, British gov€menl could nol plv duc attenlion !o deir dwelophdl<br />
6 n t6t mst of<strong>il</strong>s aasi6 in s<strong>il</strong>dci.C $e trib.l lPdsing md rdloring l.w {d odd in th*<br />
undadcvclop.d bo.dd es. nence ihe iriealioo poj6h ceii€d out in fionlid districts wft<br />
@npdfively fd l€s 6nsP'cuou'<br />
Al the olt el of B.<strong>il</strong>th rulc. 18 n<strong>il</strong>lion &Es wft added lo th. iogared aM in w.91<br />
Pa&j.r.r by @lonirr ok. Th. idigaled a@ hs incaasd aboul fourfold tDn 1890 to 194? itr<br />
160
Plnjab. WlH the Bdt<strong>il</strong>h werc leaving Iidia aboli onc rourth of thc lo|!l geoSnphical @ of<br />
Puojlb va unds cultivation, dd of lhis, one sixth ws recll&ly inisd.d Sin<strong>il</strong>dlv Sjnd,<br />
wnich rs desen in lh. 1890s, had 5 m<strong>il</strong>lion &rc6 irisBted land al th.lih. ofindepddace<br />
ftc vast ftisat d led r€$ecs hrd a pofound isp&l oo th. mnomv &d si.tv ir PuFb<br />
ord S<strong>il</strong>d and hotn of th.m showed notr prcmisine dcv.lopnol- NWFP rd Balebisran<br />
inhditcd b&leard @nohy s conpded to Punj& dd Sind bese lhcrc wdc .o ras*.uc<br />
cbdg6 in th€ iftigaGd arc. in <strong>il</strong>Es prcvinces In NwF? below l0 p€cent oflolal Sognthi.sl<br />
ea w4 eltivaled at rlE iimc of fomalion in 1901 out ofwhicn 28 percdt w6 irisaled At the<br />
tim. of indep€ndence in 1947, total €uttivaled @. in f.IwFP iMeded to 2 92 fr<strong>il</strong>lion am oul<br />
ofwhich 1.04 m<strong>il</strong>lion ..G (15.6) ws inigaled. Th.rc w@ plmty of tcn<strong>il</strong>. Itd. wa<strong>il</strong>able in<br />
th. prevince which hld nol yel b€ bsusht unds lhe ploud du. ro $e'tv or *ald<br />
TnoMds and dousmds ercs slrelch6 of fen<strong>il</strong>. I&d5 i! Da Isna<strong>il</strong> Kh&, B@u {d Kohat<br />
wft abl€ to b€ hned into @m ed ftut growinS seas if Mt€r v$ 's<strong>il</strong>abl.<br />
To sm up exlosion in idgali@ duinS olonial da,€ breuelt considdbl€ bdelit5 to<br />
rh€ @ mw @nslituting P.lislan. Th6 vdied invdtndl in iriSation in difl.Ml pets of wsl<br />
Ptjst n al$ cave rie !o dagcM ofinlerrcsion.l aonomic dispditid<br />
'fie ndr iwo chapi4 dhcnsed agricufture dcvelopnmt duj.g 1960s dd l9?ft Il<br />
hiehlighl! agioltml d€v€lopnenl ih Paldlte Scncrally md in I.I\VFP paniculdlv Tle scond<br />
phe ofirigation dev.lopment sladed in l95Os.Tb. 81o*1h{dmled policies id P.Iis&! <strong>il</strong>th€r<br />
widded llt. already.xistinS gap betw€d tle dav.loPcd and bekwdd rc8iotr of the @ut v<br />
Gr*lh gdraring invesl,nol @ived to9 p.ioDly dd mjor p.n of public I*m6 for<br />
ag.icultE weE inv6t d in the .lr€ady irisated @ of ldds bsir' M61 oa lhe cdal idell'on<br />
pDjdls in 1960s dd lubc qell iGta<strong>il</strong>alion mosrly in l9?0s. during lhis Ph6. add€d to lhe<br />
6lEa
ohnologi€s packagc of tube w.lls, tractoG ed inp s like fcn<strong>il</strong>iz@, hish yeld veieti* of<br />
p&, iosticid6 rnd p6ticid6. Itc impels of g@n Evolution t6hnologi6 w@ rct of lh.<br />
mc mlgdtud€ on .gri@ltw itr NWFP s wd |.h in Sind sd Pnja!- ntc NWFP laga.d<br />
behind Puiab dd Sind in in€ sc of ch@ical f.n<strong>il</strong>izer, hic! yiclding v&i.tis of Fed md u*<br />
rf p6ticid6 becauc rhde inputs wds +plicabl.<br />
only in irigatcd aM and in cM ofNWfP<br />
Elariv.ly sEIq @ w6 udd .aral dd tubc w.ll irisatiop, Sonc p6tu ol l.nvFP IiLe dE<br />
irig.rcd vale)s of Pcabawd dd Mardo bdcl<strong>il</strong>ed fron thit p@.s wh<strong>il</strong>. odrd as of<br />
pnvirc. have shown rc v<strong>il</strong>ible si8n ol agricultu dev€lopnnl. Th€ SroMI nic in agricullu.l<br />
ed gros valE podu.t for lhe Frcntia previn . wa hlch lowd lhfl for fic rst ofPa*j3ls<br />
Modvd indushial cxpd$o. in lh. provinc6 of Sind dd Psje! hs bd n@ r4id rhs<br />
N'WTP,l$tFr po$css.d 3 pqcdt oflotal indutrial 6rablishm.nls ofPakisld dd contribul.d<br />
8 p@ot of l!€ lot.l valuo of ind$rt'rl poducion of PakisLr wh<strong>il</strong>e @nsljluti.8 13 pddt<br />
tolal DopuLtion ofPrlblr duira th. Dqiod mdd Fvid.<br />
During 1950'80 t@ th. waler fo. iEigaiion plar€d vii.l ble in !!. whole PM6s of<br />
lgri.ulhlzl ddelopncni. Pujab she.d ?0 pd.nt of tle tolal cd.l irieal.d @ of Pakistm<br />
and NWFP posas.d only 2.7 pft4r c.nrl iriS.tcd ldd of P.*j$at in 1980. hslalidon of<br />
t!b. wclls bolh public sld ptivaic co.tribul€d to thc iEigation mstly h P6j!b. ln th. v.d<br />
1980. 86 Ddcot oftobl nmb6 of lub€ wells were foud h ?ojab wh<strong>il</strong>e h NwF! 2,3 p€@nl<br />
ofth. lold rMhd of Tuh6 wells wdc opdalinS. Tlu 70 Frdr ofth. torrl ini8alcd ea of<br />
Plkistan ws in P6j.b dd irigat d .M of NwlP o.slitulcd o.lv 5 Pcrcdi of rhe rot l<br />
iEig.icd @ oI Pakistd in 1980. In Punjab 95 p@.hl oflhe total cuLivat€d @ wa iri8aicd<br />
wldlc in NWFP hardly 40 p@ml ofrh€ btal cultivrt d aM ws ifti84€d<br />
Th. govtudt a!$ infioduced pMum.nt Pnc6<br />
for tgricuhml cop3 od ds pdd<br />
subsidi.6 io l!€ fm.B on th6e dodm isplis. The Indu baein rc8ions b@efitcd tullv &om ihc<br />
Cov.tudt policy of suDpon pnc6 dd enhdc.d .rd<strong>il</strong> fac<strong>il</strong>iti€s, Pujab ut<strong>il</strong>izcd 70 pda|t of<br />
the tot l invelrnml n.de in Paktt t duinS 1960!0, wl<strong>il</strong>e she of NWFP wd o.lv 7 F|@t<br />
in D. btal inv€stm. made in tsnculhre Th. @dp&aue siudv sho{s thlt lhe 'r'd<strong>il</strong><br />
av.<strong>il</strong>sb<strong>il</strong>ity po acE of clliivaled led wB tu. 20 in lujab dd Rs 9 in NwlP Th€ subsidi*<br />
soing io ech prevircc wft in PoPonion to lhc prodEriotr of mjor qops Pujab s<br />
pode<strong>il</strong>g noE lhd 60 p@at wh<strong>il</strong>c NWFP below 6 peEdt of major mps ol Palistan On''<br />
1@
perccni poduciion or najor mps qd dabliDs a ptovincc lo! on - p@ent shde ofthe subidy,<br />
!o rh.r of Punjab ih subsidy wu als abovc 60 p.rc.nl. Crcp poduclion in NWTP Md. <strong>il</strong><br />
Iiablc !o ltr. subsidv belos 6 o*enl.<br />
Th@ .xtted r<strong>il</strong>ong inia-prcvircial vdiations in. adoptioD of g16 Erclution<br />
tehmlogiB in ?etislo, Pujab wa lhc leg6t &d .gdculturaly nGt ddelop.d Previmc<br />
posirS 56.7 pd@1 rotal popuLrion of |he 6mry. NWFP with 13 p@dt of t[. io01<br />
poplhdon of th€ ouEy [ad low61 litmy r.tio in lnc @dtry. Punjab pos.d 57 pd.ol of<br />
rh. roral cultiv.t€d ldd of Palist n wh<strong>il</strong>e NwlP sh.r.d 9.5 p@or of total oliiql.d led of<br />
P*irid in 1980. The ldrd in NWIP wa ool * poductive a ih tbe Pujab and Sid. In csc of<br />
NIYFP ftlsm.nied ed mall siz. ot holdi.g prcdoninated N conpared to ?unjab Md Sind.<br />
which is lcss prodlctive dd Fofitable, The pci capita dltivable ea ws 0.4 ore in NWFP<br />
wh<strong>il</strong>..onpdable fisue in S<strong>il</strong>d dd Pujab wsc 2.02 md 0.96. Pmjab s she w6 68 p.rccni<br />
io ib. tot l f.nifizq Bed in rbe @utry wh<strong>il</strong>c NwlP u5.i only 6 percmr of rhe rotd. Out of thc<br />
lotd Bliord @ @va€d by pldr pdoiior ns@, 60 pmI lied in tujab dd 4 p.Edt<br />
i, N'rvFP.<br />
Duine thc pdiod ud* @id h.lf of thc popll.tion of pov<strong>il</strong>cc wa agagcd in<br />
agricultuc wh<strong>il</strong>€ it pNK 6 to 7 p@or of rorrl culrivarcd a@ of?fisle aDd @ntdbur.s 6-<br />
? pqBdl total aeri.dtual prcdlctio. of rh. county. nr@forc <strong>il</strong>e prcvince is confrcnlcd with<br />
two most acute poblms of fmd shonlge ed ucmploynoi Tt€ prcponion of undploymdt<br />
w6 twicc in NWFI 4 conpared ro Punjab. Th. poportio. of udployneni ws twice in<br />
NWIP a conpdftd to Pujlb. Ite Eenomy oi rhe province b€ins tuinly agricultural Lrw p.t<br />
&r. prcduciioq low level of induhialiation ed innow of ldg€ nMbd of Algnd rctu9ls ir<br />
NIVFP, h NWFP mft tha 70 p@ot ofirs g@lraphical da ws mourrimu. It. pevine<br />
we mE thd dDusdd m<strong>il</strong>6 awly froD rh. n in !..port of the cout y. ft Lck d litor! ed<br />
st<strong>il</strong>l.d n ipoE MieElid rc thc disti@l fstua of rhis previn@ and no6y 2 D<strong>il</strong>li@<br />
FmB mignt d ro K@hi 4d Puja,b duins 196G80,<br />
t w pr &r€ pDdelion, low ldcl of induhializarion ed iniov of la.g. nMbd of<br />
AfShd rcfug@s in NWFP @ nain cau6 of bacl$ardn$. IXe otha caus of lhin struclurc<br />
of agri.uhur€ dd indusry rb vwlP w.re more rhm 70 parmr of rB Bognphical @ 6<br />
noutdnous, nore lhu tnouprd m<strong>il</strong>q distdc. fom the roin sea pon of dF couniry, od thc<br />
l6l
alseftce ofl<strong>il</strong>€rale and sk<strong>il</strong>lcd manpow€r. Ag.icultur€ ii the preaircc b6id6 olhd soDali6 is<br />
fs.dwith slbdagc ofirisniod ir.<strong>il</strong>iti6. nr iri8.li6.Foi itr the pDv<strong>il</strong>c. is v.ry p@r ud<br />
hardly 44 p€Kdr culrivst€d l{d is inig.r€d. Thc cultiv.bl. ldd f()m 22 p@dl of th. totd<br />
ag of povin c wh<strong>il</strong>. l2 p4fr1is pccf<strong>il</strong>y udd cutivatio.. Ac@rdrng to D.v.lopmml<br />
St tistica I.IWFP 1996, a significDl porhon, about 3 h<strong>il</strong>lion rc6 olthe cultivable ldd is ling<br />
bsM in the povincc dlc to lek of e .f&cdvc iEigarioh systqn.<br />
On lhe avdlgc, inigacd a@ poducc iwic. s nuch As Ein-fdl a@, This n.s if all<br />
ihe cdtiva!.d !F i! th. pbviE is iri8ar.d, thc agricultuE prcdelioG ol ihc pFvi@ w<strong>il</strong><br />
doubl.. Sin<strong>il</strong>dt if t. culiivable am lyi.g b.m is idigated i[€ agi@hr pDdrctiotr ofln.<br />
provincc @uld b. irc@ed to hu dm€ of th. ps6t prcd@tiod. litigation of ihe<br />
afoMdtion.d ea could be tuade possibls by a octwork of cmals dEl ce b. .xt .d.d nqn<br />
doz€n of rivcts flowing in aU the 24 dishicr! of thc trcvince exc@t dislrict Ke*, Sin<strong>il</strong>ely by<br />
constocling larSc 4d sn.ll dus lhe iEig.tion pbbleDs of lle prcvinc. @uld b. rolved.<br />
lufind i@@. in .griculiural pbductio. could bc mad€ posible by nod.niziq fam<br />
cquipm@b dd fming techniqB The f!d6 of the prevince should @Emi.atc d rhc<br />
podedon of$nc cops lite v€.t$16, fruns, !ob@ and dairy prcduclion tor which the<br />
climt .!d lo<strong>il</strong> h bcn &d have @n!€r<strong>il</strong>iv. dvet 8. ovd orhq !.ditio l coF. mat,<br />
naize sugdce., rob.cco dd Alns 6 ndor cops, NwFr i.d low pd drc yicld or alove<br />
Tne prcvinc. k a good gopd of c<strong>il</strong>ru! ftuit. Th€ pnyince is prcd@ing 2l pdot of<br />
suga ard 90 pcrccni of rhc au viraim rob&co of Palisran, A@rdi!8 to NIYFP Dd.lopm4t<br />
Stalistics 1992,lh. pmdrction oftoh@ in NWFP e6 ?2,141 ton* in 1990. Thc previme ha<br />
eral potatial to inc'le irs tob.m poducrion. If toh&@ faming is hoddiz€4 irs<br />
prcduclion could bc inctus€d to rhE tiE6 of pEsr pmdudiol A lagc trrt of l.nd is<br />
Suit ble for t€a cultiv.tion in Hazar4 Swat dd oihd ribal d4. Pakisld is spoditrg DoG tne<br />
five b<strong>il</strong>lion eeh y.ar on imporl oI t€a. Tnt dount could b. saved if prepq altenlion h paid lo<br />
jncre cullivation of 1c6 i. ahove aM ol NWFP, Ir w<strong>il</strong>l bring Holution in NWFP $ th€ ctup<br />
ha lN pFduclion @st s @mp@d to whc dd n@. Aeain €vd gr@ lla pbet lst! fd rbont<br />
lm y.6 oNe sM ed h d& lalor <strong>il</strong>tcrsivc b€a@ and hd6t it is p@6.d in fcron6.<br />
Vdicti6 of ftuiis produc€d in NWFP e of high quality dd @aidcEd lir6i in th€ Ml4
Arong Mth la,l prduclid, hig! qu<strong>il</strong>ity Auits ft.m Algbeisran m al$ .vtlable in P6hrwr,<br />
Sin<strong>il</strong>dly, ihe clitute dd e<strong>il</strong> of prevircc is suihbl. fd erowing ofvdicli* ofv€edalle. At<br />
p6enr $ere is no slstenatic plflration ofv.g.tabl.s in previncc b@a$c vec€table grcwi.g i3<br />
omid.€d labonous, risty ed capiral inteEive. Fru<strong>il</strong>s end vqgetablcs b.ine hiClly p@lhsblc<br />
iitu, $ fat node of inlgonllion dd stors8e i&<strong>il</strong>ities de rcqnircd for thm. ftrft is L.[ of<br />
stoEa. f*<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>i6 in lhe p@vinc.. The i6b and pc6sld 6uits ed vcg.bhl6 @uld b. qloncd<br />
to othcr previncd drd Middl. Est @utri6. NWFP h6 a wid. poenri.l for qladjnS irs fq!3t<br />
a.a, Mey induhi6 likc tuhitw, chipbod
APPddlr I<br />
Crld kngrtio! tnd ltnd ...lrm io! pol4r! 'orPl't'd h No'th Wd Frontict Pld|!"<br />
ma gttc ot ttt Pojot<br />
dtrnng l95t?0<br />
r-ql!E#*..s#,-*;<br />
As irigat€d<br />
2,48,400<br />
1,r41<br />
t,0! J00 t)16<br />
-lme tffiiH:ffiifr"'d,,')-- 2,15,000 1,702<br />
Pchu flow inieadon ehde (Momo,<br />
Ws* lllgb Ldd Ceal irludrg unvtrY<br />
Flood prctdtio! {ork in ArbdPD dqa<br />
(P.!ht{d)<br />
Rmodeling of Bat! Pivq ed @chucnon ol<br />
r;i-. lr.snn arci lD6hrwd)<br />
^<br />
Un Irrigation Sch@. for It@ NreE<br />
(P6h6*d)<br />
Cosituctitrg lw dd modering old dtlDs<br />
Fl@d pol@tid ftorn Crh<strong>il</strong>bh ndbn and lgnd<br />
rclaiaiion in TN jabba (Peshawe)<br />
Fl@d prctdlio. urd Lad @lamation u Pubor<br />
94,0?,000<br />
1,50,000<br />
-.sm<br />
8,03,?2,000<br />
27,86,100<br />
11.64,800<br />
I,J6,100<br />
5,62,000<br />
I r,9t,000<br />
r8r1,000<br />
46,121<br />
150<br />
\ 996<br />
l,15Jl4<br />
10,000<br />
550<br />
r6,000<br />
11,080<br />
10,160<br />
?,40,000<br />
2,0m<br />
Tubc wells d ndl bsk of kbul RiM<br />
sh-- N^d.her' Alora lPeslEwd)<br />
'nd<br />
Firc-otryat on l.n b&t of kbrl rivd l2a,a00 I l.l4?<br />
b.nrs Nowrhda r4!!!44gl-<br />
rr -.1 'h'a<br />
-.<br />
FiJ kft aM.rdd) 2,83J00 663<br />
4,15,000<br />
3,000<br />
Elcvo nrb. w.ll5 ir lhc ta<strong>il</strong> ad or Ktbul ruvf<br />
..^d w"nar M.hih lPahaffi)<br />
3,00,00()<br />
10180<br />
M!$d Plee for Rdlmttro! or walcr lodgc!<br />
,-" i" Drl.2wr Di.rri.i Ph*l<br />
D"llri-Gi" n.w i;on 6n ftom lch& IUvd<br />
ImPrevmdl of DN inielton ststdn<br />
Hrigu<br />
'r<br />
P*bI flor rtriF$on ehd€ Aos sid l(lva<br />
2,86,500<br />
2,74,000<br />
,86,700<br />
r,500<br />
rp00<br />
6poo<br />
166
Sir rube wclk d Hs4g{<br />
u'igariot sctoc aom slm n'a rot<br />
flF-o<br />
6;-"d."t of rejk!$a irie.rion svdm<br />
6"uu-cromf i.ieadon ctro*t fo' p-jt.tlr<br />
flooamemaexrrutqqllggrqllt!<br />
ffie.HddMardan.<br />
t9,6t,000<br />
1,96,0@<br />
1,00,00!<br />
9l,000<br />
428,1@<br />
10,04,800<br />
3,?1,800<br />
r,66,100<br />
5$8,00q<br />
I,14,?00<br />
Didtor Snall Dm3 Oreoizltion Rlwalpindi, and Well PaLislsn WATDA Houc' b!@
Irig.llo! Proj4ts oDPlct d |! Non} w6t Frold'r Provln" dtllg l97F8o'<br />
Lis,s orK.btl&!s.lq!s:L!:)!!q<br />
D=,* iDin,o. rPdhaw&)<br />
^f<br />
ConsFucliotr of 0ood hbd*ndl arorS<br />
;-n, a""L ('lnn Rivd aPdhtwd)<br />
^r<br />
Lidng of Wars.& GnvitY ed Lrn cdtsr<br />
(P6hawr)<br />
irbba 'Kn L.igalior Sci-e<br />
(P6baq.4{)<br />
Bda Bdda Lift hri$ton s.nd.<br />
Inpmvcmot dd €tt c,on ot<br />
irieariotr chdelclllgL-<br />
c.iflobn or irigation crrstut fioo<br />
subhd Knwd (Mo@q!U-<br />
T-iiins of HiI To@h ard llood<br />
orcr@don worls C!!4!IEL- -<br />
_t !s<br />
L44l<br />
I,100 I<br />
,r,t00<br />
600<br />
680<br />
?45.1<br />
216.5<br />
4,000<br />
20,000<br />
800<br />
t,000<br />
2,847<br />
r. o&line of w!E4!I4<br />
830<br />
Nrpri Kn.l LriSrtd Schdc (Swal) @ le.ooo<br />
tooaainS oa E cGion of F lehgu m 1 ll000<br />
lrricalion Chmcl (s!!!)-<br />
ah-,- r-"i'"" sf;hh. r SwaLl<br />
xndif Iriqdior CbMd lo44!!q1!!gl I ,O0 4,500<br />
Gasr rtod trncadoLlg@!<br />
Fotd trisutr@ s.t..c (Di'l<br />
Ex s'o' of oed Chdcl (Dn)<br />
or (hdif chmel for<br />
420<br />
4,900<br />
3,000<br />
?00<br />
11@<br />
8,000<br />
tJoo<br />
Badwd dea (Dn)<br />
rqooo<br />
Comtruction of (heif Chmel for 6,000<br />
diffiiiiiir "r"c itigrtion scl*c ror 900 t,?00<br />
-corottaion<br />
Arbni trnextiotr sch.4qIIlBD 91.5 !1!9<br />
Kal{ata lnisarFn Sch!4! lAlq1D 472.2 @,<br />
5,000<br />
[shula4rr UriBaipn Schde (Cluhl] tooo<br />
Snrnalot Liff LtiSEtion Sch€b. 400<br />
t,?00<br />
tMaulsd)<br />
tnleltion Sch@e floF Tdei (hwd<br />
(Mabr.nd)<br />
jd im6id srid<br />
600<br />
500<br />
800<br />
sctmc B+ql!{!qq!a!) 1,600 5,000<br />
168
44 lub. vclls d len bsr or M@<br />
1,500<br />
721<br />
4,000<br />
13200<br />
9 rubc rctk, Pe* (M!idd) 652 2700<br />
1,166-5<br />
4,800<br />
t 6 Tub. w.tls Kdu Kne r.! (Mdd4,<br />
a Tubc v.lls it Sb,bd Gshi (M,rdd,<br />
Namji Tubqen iri8rtion schm.<br />
Trial boring torTubc w.ll {Pqrwd)<br />
shdtur lube w€I lEe.ldsrh€@<br />
Tub. wclls bet*6 Pubbi ed NowdEr'<br />
-io ru* *elr fd thc .@ bctw@<br />
P&d!u md zardad btub (P6[ad)<br />
82<br />
200<br />
t,lll<br />
350<br />
E00<br />
1,lo?<br />
dfrE *ctts io ll,mpq o (P*la*ot 492.5<br />
@azslv"de<br />
1,800<br />
t,000<br />
2,000<br />
4,0m<br />
6,000<br />
t,tt0<br />
Di@lor Small Dm oi$Dizstion lbwdpindi, md w€sl Ptlktsn WAPDA ttow' lrhoE<br />
Yohal
APP'!dli:3 '<br />
rHE NoRrfty#.LLRAo}.tfI.I3I1ltr6" ^"'' "'o<br />
w!tr| i|'E!"1'i!i i."'if iiii lIi'' i"ii'.<br />
A! .ct ao ot$llit t rla lt'<br />
"'!d<br />
rh. NortFw.3t Fr.llls<br />
lstd trtY, 19501<br />
on 20th Jun., 1950' anal Pf<strong>il</strong>lth"lin<br />
i", u,<strong>il</strong>i13i'f;-,s11lf<br />
:i3'$:1i;-ie.:i'"","ji"i::'dv..!d'!d<br />
""ii,<strong>il</strong><br />
It ir hdcty coscrcd at tolloss :-<br />
;. ";';'.t,;,<br />
lon't-wiii iroriii rcoDcv ,r'ct' tqso'<br />
(2) tt Grlc.dr ro tL. ttol' of rh' Norrh_Wcat<br />
(3) Tbi! Act sh.ll coD. irlo forc' rl onc'<br />
rb' ..'<br />
.tt !t .!<strong>il</strong> "6!'!o'!'d -rni3 Aci m'' b' c!lr'61L'<br />
COMMENTS<br />
l.r r.t.ll.t to tt t..$ct ol l'!'l l'<br />
ru*qr$g*mJ*t;i*r*#r'ffi<br />
ow. P. 1504.<br />
I e.,n. ,.o.i-"..o, pr.*ribcd und.r rccrion ! ofrh' ordiurcc do" ool<br />
mlltir,l+rr*i,l"i,:*i*mhl{ti-girt*'l'l+<br />
ffi{r<strong>il</strong>lfi"l;#.,s::{+i',1k, }i{ql;;i;<br />
F Pcah. l2l.<br />
t, It<strong>il</strong>ttio -1. this Act lntcs th'r' i! tovrfiir! r'pueltnt inlh'<br />
(l) l.trd mc.nt hod *hich is not occuoicd a3lh' r<strong>il</strong>c oftnv bu<strong>il</strong>din3 in<br />
' ' . -;. or v,lltr. ldd it o@spEd or hat b"^ l't fo"ericullur'l psi,ii'..<br />
ii, p".i*- *u.rvi;Dr to sgricultqs. ai ror P'srurc i 3nd<br />
170
lf<strong>il</strong>ii?',*.11i"::i'.l.:trrrd! o'hf r'dc' d sch r'n'r qtodv<br />
'"riy,:;,f#'Ji'Tf"":Ti:i*s#'":'r"*'rxiih*l<strong>il</strong>::'rl-<br />
what.v.r itPrytbl:<br />
ro. l.nitlord in Dorct q ridl<br />
or o@!.tiod of l..d h.ld bt<br />
(b) '.rerr of r.tr(<br />
' lr::'ir,:i"jfti""-{:iEi';:rHifi"F,}i'*;sl?'?""'"'1't1i ?:<br />
6.aN rc vhlch cmdntrn!.id .n'r lh' d'r' ot<br />
(.) r! iuf.tior l.ad'osncr' 'r<br />
(r) r 6orts.s.. of tn. rish! oi. l.nd'otn'r' or<br />
(.)<br />
<strong>il</strong>?l"l<strong>il</strong>"i#hir,*.'*1"'J j'$ify:r,i:fiir<strong>il</strong>:d:i,$'li{i<br />
rd) .ncrro!tbot!l.o fromrh' Cov'rt6'ol' l"3c otutoeuti"Lodror<br />
- rn; pltDot. of3lbl.rl'ns r i<br />
rnr -hrdtord.' o.rnr . Fr$r und.. qlom<br />
' rh. tcn.nl it. or blr fot s 3p"itr conrt'cr a t.lrnl boldt.nd to thoi<br />
sould b. Iirbl.lo PlY rrr<br />
.r^ -r.n!rr" t.d "l.ndlord includ' lh' pr'd'c'3sore cld luct'$ofl r<br />
' 'inr.r.tr of. r.oo.r aad ,andl6rd, t.spccovqv<br />
!...!l of.l&dlorc !'d{<br />
(r'rrl 'tcd!cv" D..6t . plrcd otlold hcld bv<br />
- on.la. or o!.3cl or @! rro!3 '<br />
(rr) ".tttl." dc.!t e, arc! : -<br />
(.) for Pnich ! tcp.r.tc ..co.d'otuisbt hat b"!<br />
(D) whicb bar b.ctr lcparll.lv 533.3!.d<br />
,, iiit'rfi:#"?"i';j:*I;::"rl 5:.x'.:i.{li1r:"1'tr|i"'ii<br />
l,fl "rrtc! .!d err.J' b.d nl.!.od etsct *hic! "' tridtr<strong>il</strong>v!trttrbl'<br />
" bv t.Dd.ovn.ir,.d includd -<br />
r.! rb.loc.t r.r.. <strong>il</strong>rnv, Prvabl. utd.t lh. Punjrb DBtda D@rdt Acl'<br />
*'<br />
iiir'. ;"d Jv t ; i;virblo ud* te oc !t of rh't '{ct rroa r'!d-<br />
;;i;f.; ,!-; ". "f or bco.tu' d*ivcrl ftoo !!cb turh ! 'r'<br />
r.r.,!Gd lo in &clion m, clto*t (l) (J) or tbtr ^d:<br />
{D) ..v .fiu.| fu!. ch.tl.rblc o!<br />
-' cd!.I.!d Dt.it.r. A.t, 1C7!<br />
&) rb. a<strong>il</strong>dtd rnd t<strong>il</strong>La. o6c{'. c.rt.! ; .!d<br />
(O |!6r ptrlbl. oa .sos!! of v<strong>il</strong>bl. .rF!d ;<br />
oi!.n of ludr {rd.r .Fdon 5t or In.<br />
kl,l 'v<strong>il</strong>l6!. e$" i.clud.t .ov cdt, @.Eibqtio or ds' tticb i! cltloo'<br />
ror $' !F or<br />
'- i.lJ <strong>il</strong>ii,,iii "riiii.i *r;tc.!a i'n.irh*. Pltntlt<br />
;;i".i; ;;;;ii;i ;;;;d !.ivi.o, .or r;,o!.d bt or ond'r tDv<br />
;o.d6dr 6r d. 116! bai.r h rora :<br />
(:/lt)ltv<strong>il</strong>t.ic ofi*t" o..u: chl.lh.rddn, lddo.o ol P|lrn i<br />
{:,') "RGE.u. O6@a or _R.v..u. CoMi i'$r 4 R'Etc'Oder or<br />
'- iri ic"cauo courr uvior .urbotirv uldcr rhir Acl to dk'!'r8'<br />
iii riiiiii"-"i "i" r*."n cout, it th. 41. o', b', uod'r in't<br />
Irv\',r i.d!." it.lud.. ..t pdto! orhc.- rnrn ' v<strong>il</strong>Lg' Ftul io<br />
'_ '"'li_t _rd. rl"a .*-j 6r .nt l'!d ['6 rsiF d lt.'hol'<br />
iiii'-p.aii,t. o;".'".-, o6c'rortt' -n" Go6@'!r;<br />
"riv 'n<br />
r<strong>il</strong>)'L. l Prtctitio!.r" b@r aov l?r,l t6'titiot'r qhhitr lh' D"!'nl<br />
' ;frh; Irs.t Pr.crnioocn Act, l8?9'.rccDr ' '!'*ra':<br />
(rri) urialtoEl v..i' Belt r[. tsr @to''cnr lushd{"1 lb'<br />
'- 6'^iiiiii coi,oo*r ov btloiitdrio! 'Ppo<strong>il</strong>t ror mv rdr'r':<br />
b"?;;i",i'*ig'..?T.1'"?'1$1ll'f I't'.r"::x*''i: :HB:i'3':i'[:<br />
(rJlr "oc@FDcy t.!.!t. f,bo h{ lh' rltli of dcutrlcv<br />
'- -1,'a-.-i!iriii, I * i. a*..d to hrE 3!cb ish' u'd{ Fr'o! 6 or i'<br />
ii<strong>il</strong>'J ii-dii,i i"cl,igtr rcqui"d {cb ri8}r und4<br />
i<strong>il</strong>irii-s - "'a*sdio.?o'ht! coori";* ro h!v. nrch n.nr utrdcr ctior rr ot<br />
i<strong>il</strong> i-'i'i.u-i.Jii.v Acr, or tr d..6'd b b'rc- $(h ris}' wds<br />
iii'i,iiiir iii iii; r;;.Ecv R.surlrior. 18r?. ald lnrrr incrud'<br />
rh. h.n! sld 3u4.soB ofrucb @utast t'L'!r;<br />
(,,\ -iBDrov.E.of n.a!! tirh r.i.r.rc.lo troanc: rort e!ic! i!<br />
*-.',<strong>il</strong>;ii:<br />
i; rh. t!!.cv.!d con'i!t..r 'nv qnl rr c"di'rio't o' n<br />
'hich<br />
iiiiiii. uv *i,iir iui;t,; o t'!'rct L'! bc" rnd soot.u'r to<br />
'hG<br />
t12
!<strong>il</strong>l<strong>il</strong>liii;.i"u', -,if '*'LTff Tf'f<br />
b.orachl lo it ;<br />
:'}i;<br />
E plan ttol !. Il hclld6| tdoot othor tbl4r "":l'lo.i"f"T:3i'iif<br />
:li<br />
*. -""t""U"" ! l orh'r sollt fo! lhc rtor'8c or lu9plv of<br />
- ' e.tcr fot uriculrurrl "t".lh Purporcr ;<br />
(dr ftc contuucrio! 9f torl! fot dniorg' lnd for Proicction r8si$t lrofF<br />
- - rbla coltivabl. or ! t.[!oct i llq<br />
t.l ,i. ,."."., ". "o"utt*tio! of |!v of th' fotctoinS worts or toods ;<br />
[i l3;#*lin.:11,U;:'.:i:fh',Tlgii<strong>il</strong>ti:1."d<br />
i'rr.ci'r or r6'd<br />
(dl rbc;.c(ion of bu<strong>il</strong>din$ rcquirc<strong>il</strong> for th' 60r! coavooiorr or prp0hbl'<br />
' ' .ulliEtion ol. l.n.!cy ; !!d<br />
(.) rh.,cncwlr or con'to"rgr d.:"t-'!ll<strong>il</strong>",i',,'",1i<strong>il</strong>1"So;l* ;:ff;<br />
' tio! th.r.in or irlditiou ttcr'to $ rrc I<br />
as durably <strong>il</strong>crcrs. ib.ir vlluc.<br />
<strong>il</strong>-*:<strong>il</strong>"+T:"glitliii<strong>il</strong>i$l'p"'1'*+;ff{iiirii{H:itll:f;<br />
,"r jglif :!11<strong>il</strong>i"1".-ii:1if*o"of fiXixi:<strong>il</strong>:l<strong>il</strong>"ocic!s'vb'dccmcd<br />
**iio, Ji,ii'iix,1ii*.1,ri1iHr'iii :<strong>il</strong>l;:?i'"i trl:l'lrxIfi $1i.,;'-<br />
(,,) ;,,"X1<strong>il</strong>ttn*',fl.#:iF*!'ut rc-'court of thc rodic<strong>il</strong>r coEEie<br />
c"a<br />
iiff'L$."ii,"u1'"uii i,'Ji["''""'i#'i.an'tftl[<br />
Grlro "Utclt...d .uit" oc|rr. suit rhisb ir a'<strong>il</strong>hct I ltrd-tuit nor i rdrll<br />
11,:,";#] "<br />
(rrir) "valu." u!.d wiih i.fcrcor'.lo r tun mcrn! lhc tEoult ot vrlu' of<br />
- th. 3ubj.c!'Drllcr or tlc rur''<br />
arnl ..cowmocnt" <strong>il</strong>cludc. rbo grovirci.l !!l thc C.ntt l Gotcmd'll i<br />
,rrrn "I'"tU"."*' h!| ttc-i.Ec E 'Dio8 r$isrcd to it i!th' ?urjlb<br />
- Lrtrd Rcvaluc Acl, Mr.
:;g;i*ll,H,$#*ffi$i'Tl;f!i'fi<br />
a. Cotrr.tEU.o io t 9dd lo t! t.ralotd.-Any ocauproc, Lo.!t tho al<br />
rh. c.Eo.nc.d.o! of tbitAc! ;<br />
"iif'iii.:iii'."'-r<strong>il</strong><br />
'$:i:;4!i#,:fi"+ftiii{.'"*.fii"ii{F#fl'.rr."i,i<strong>il</strong>i'{fi<br />
lb\ occuDr.r rlv hDd ru on prymoni oftb! rcot in c!3h' rh'tl bccomc full<br />
'"' Jii.'iii.i"<strong>il</strong> * e.vtwli 6f th6 conP'ontiotr ro tic l'odlord rt ruci<br />
ii<strong>il</strong>i'iii iirlro'.i"t Dctiod 6rv b! Fcsc'it'cd bt rbc Provi'cir<br />
GovarloaDi r!d.r thir ..c(lo!'<br />
k) ffi f-h3"'"'fi '"3*.':n.$'.r$'Hi:i s':J';.*.::T"'ll:<br />
i4|l.d .l -.1ard..d lith .*! F ro. r ft D. lt4n!.d Dt<br />
rr. E .ta ot l.qs ..4.r D! ikx6:<br />
P6vld.d lb.t ia . l.@r f.<strong>il</strong>. ro t t rl. ooFqrlio' &r"ti"tl-r'<br />
rd;,.G 'i.l<br />
tr. Fcriri.r oa .L.i. (t) r.d (.) or ||,. t}Grr4' rF<br />
i,;i. lldficv on_ D.tr.t ot Go6Flnrio! b, th. l.'dlottt lo bt dctor'<br />
"r<br />
;l;;i i-; ift-f;d oi ic'icogJ Ilibt. t r.rttt tr b. .rr i.rsincd -' rd rb'rr<br />
€t i. tL Ldldd..d.Lll t ..lrrL{ lo t .tdi6 t..tdr rc ltoD "t<br />
ij imtoa or rr* scelc.l tt r!. t.lrnt ld c.t .l ot ll.t L!d.<br />
lEitrd. fni. ...1i6 .Lll .o. .tttt to tr.a otr.. 6 .d.bi.l.t''l bt<br />
.L od.i.*i (lo.! C.rt'.l..tl ltot*i.l).<br />
r.nr.t. of tbc !!lot ot @.ro6..y lr*. rl. rirll ollJoEtjeror'<br />
rrir tddFd by h.. E.!.s.rioo lo th.llolt d..l.tc inn.irl.d ov<br />
h;/.dd_..!r.d for th. bd.it of.tl p.r$or. 'no !.dcr rb.l.' clrim'<br />
iC rtc todnrc tcft ty lot ul6 toldcr. Th. Flrcqs of Prcpricrrrv<br />
rirhr. br . tid.t toold loa cb..!c lL.Drlur.orlh.<br />
i,<strong>il</strong>rtortiv ttcrita TborrFoi.tttt. dld Eot ch.'r. *irl rh.<br />
idiriridar of th. right| ot Drorri.(drbiP
lddrDb oa ttc r.16 ol 6,loort rrt. Tb. iirbt oI ltopri.ror<br />
rhl6.@iF! bt h.r tx .! .ddlo. to o.ll6lEd.rl.r. i!n.n..o bt<br />
i<strong>il</strong>'roa ourd roroo tocft ot.ll t no.!, tno..dor<br />
;; rb. h.rlr.s.l.lt by l.rr D.l. holdd. Tn. ptt t4! ol 'h.l.'.l.im' tbtii.trrv<br />
ri.hr, b, . wldo* fdld lot .[.rr. lh. tr.'uo ol l!. 4u|. rhlt ec<br />
.r]t<strong>il</strong>rllr tdh.rlr..t. tLdrlrc.l.r.l. did ml cDtn8. s{h rb.<br />
.diititiat ofth! rlahlt oa proFi.totdit<br />
Wn F rt. .hrE ol tt. Lrdbld ud t!. td.tl i. tt tr.d@ r!.r. 6r.d<br />
bv ri. R.vcouo 06!r b!rl. on Coll*er h.inl @e.{, uodl. rdrro u'<br />
iLi'J liriii,i,i. oa uttl..tol, t!.I,roriNhl -ooEdo;lt nt.d tb. lb|6iod<br />
dt;ea.a rb. R.@s ro .cr.6rdi[. ro lh!o,lt '.r l.ld:-<br />
Tb. <strong>il</strong>t rf.Fd bv lbc Prcvlqi.l GoEFoolr tuitt t!..lrd oflh' htrd'<br />
- -GJIAtl. ddut fot rt. ootto... of.6io. +l{. N'w.!.P. T.ur'<br />
aticr .d tin!. di@dd ro t[. R.tdu. ofcs ro rct r6ord<strong>il</strong>B to<br />
ll! d.d|io! rx u<strong>il</strong>rulqt ot Lt.<br />
sario. 85 nd t4li.o tl-A, sb...cdo! (l) of O! N.'W.F.P rare, Ad<br />
...di;i;i ;;td.!o' th.r ib. Psd.D raiEv Acr' r88?'dld bc i' to@<br />
iriitr iiiartra of q"procv rouitr E d.r.rDircd u.dd.crio!.-^, r.d it<br />
i-orio qrtio rppty rro ft aaho orrh. qlr.mtrd.trtr.E d.tmiGd.trd<br />
;;;i[! arrc"al. -<br />
t! t}n! at! o. t.tr.on bd b..9 d.crn.d rull oDd or<br />
^. <strong>il</strong>*Fi"*.,*r:'*l*" ;*f [.",x:f i;: H:,:?r.li':"t'.?T,H<br />
rtiii;l;,::ml"<strong>il</strong> ju.ffi gr8iitr lP":"$.:i:n: *ffi<br />
rb€ ctv<strong>il</strong> co6r n.d $rldiclid<br />
Tho rordt -occleior Lld $ Ncd ' l..cnr<strong>il</strong>y do ml ncr! phy.iel od-<br />
D{io!,lor I rc@r Ely b. h @dttu
+4, D.r.Eb.rlo. ol ...al.!ct l.osL. t! ..s tl6 rl b !l''l It<br />
nra-"iir l;i*p"*y arDt i'ho i! th.@66.oe6.!t or thir Acr. @u'<br />
;n. h;; - iuch i.d Drv. t.!r bv dlvi.io! ofth. pro.l!@ $.ll b4o6t tull<br />
;iJi"i-"t rt" oiin'.'td' ltd tE p'-op.rrlon to bk rh.rc or tbG.trcdu@<br />
sticb h. r.irtu to! LlEFll, stibo p.va. orDv.oDP""!@ toM<br />
{D Anv oeupr!.f t6&t .cquiri!! Lld i! q@r.L!@ *ith rlt pldi3iotr<br />
or o\iiiiirin- iii-rr.ti rcqurc it lr* rioo rov irddbrDc. ddtcd r' r"p"r<br />
ofrl.r l.nd ht rlo le6lord.<br />
.!l Subi..t to lhc Drov'rio oflub't.ctioo (l) rld (2) lho t'-o<strong>il</strong>ord thtll<br />
d.'r;s+sio. or r!...o.lol!a pordoo ol rh. l.nd.r t!. crprry or cl'rctt<br />
'!'<br />
i.'i.iirumiicir. n* rroo oiiicuEb'.D@ o, t.& cr4rod bt '!. td'r td<br />
oi.!Fo., rirhl! th.r.i! .ll b. dlioFi&hd.<br />
lal Notrkt|t.lrtrEi rtrytbl @ .ir..l i. th. tr.cdba +b'B'{or !h'<br />
acu;ii.v tcornr tLdt oortt!$ ro tb. lrldlord r!0 product or rlt r'!' In<br />
lJii,ii#. itit ii;rdi orti' .riri.s r.i'sv !!t<strong>il</strong> rl. Pmirioa or t! rord'<br />
lDr b!l$a. $G l.ldlot.l.!d t.a i!.t6tcd.<br />
E caetton,-Tni. !..tlo th|u lol .PPlv lo t n6 omc<strong>il</strong> bv OordE !l<br />
n rh c.irtr.l ud Provi.cl.l).<br />
!. r.r..dn rlalt ol hrab.i .ta l.|.r toF!lb9. (l) Tb.r.tr(or<br />
rh. tim.D.<strong>il</strong>r r.y.bl. i!.dter of.l.n.nct.hll b.lh. lnl clrtl. o! ti.<br />
pro<strong>il</strong>w r!.r.ot<br />
12) A t...nt 3brll !. c.l<strong>il</strong>l.d to t.nd, ol hd br.fctl tb. Dtoduo oJbit<br />
6l.d i; dr. coun. ofnu.brndrv *itholt..v Intdfcr..c. oE ln' Pfr or !r'<br />
(!! ErccDt t6.o |h. r.nl it t.tc! bv dhitlon oftb. p!odu@' tnl l."nl<br />
.hdi* .itni.d to l!. crcbtlv! poGnld olrn trcluo tgr' l! r!. .'r' !l<br />
:::.tc<strong>il</strong>J<strong>il</strong>. fi lsi;, lxl, l<strong>il</strong>,i,'13 "5"'li,Llifiiiiy<strong>il</strong>lii j"'tJⅈ<br />
irrlokunl t.rr h. bc! P.l.t lo th.lrdlotd.<br />
(o wl.!. rdl ir t t.! It divitio! of rb. E od@. i-<br />
lrl thc t.n.!i ttrll b..otltl.d to t!. .rcluti* Pol.nion of th' wholc<br />
.'<br />
nroduc. bll.h.ll not b..ttitlcd to rctuv. n ltun rn' rhrc$tn3:<br />
ioor oltll l( i! dlddrd I<br />
rrl no Fo! u. trodG It r.r<strong>il</strong>t for ditht'o! o! lh' tiFhlll n@r'<br />
' ' rnr Ar.iri. Coll*tor of 2.d rt!d. .pei.uv<br />
<strong>il</strong>[.ii'ii" -iri ow! .@rd. ;r o! rhi .ppllaotior or 'nh'r rhc r?''<br />
fi<strong>il</strong>l riir'iit.a ruti riirir or oan"irt D, Rd'!u' qmcd<br />
lij .:j,"lJk.r,ti t;",:':'n*t*nri;: i."'ir.9iYi',1"',Hi:f<br />
r.r ll l!. t6.!t or l.ldlord EboYcl rlt Dotllo! ot rh' produc i! 'uct<br />
"' j<br />
';;;;E; tffii G Jc otvuor'dcrot oc onrcr 'olderio!
|hc diviriri! of rbc lrodrc. Dry .rt.r |l. buUdhs o! thc lt.Ndrct,<br />
., lt. c$c oly b.. ti.r. ti! Drodor. b Ltr rld dlvldc tn. 9!odu$<br />
(d) lhc l.!dlo!d .!d th. r.!!Dt.trll b. <strong>il</strong>rirl.rl ro b. pr.rclr ri, rld t*.<br />
Frr h, th. <strong>il</strong>lvldo! of U. !trod0o. t<br />
(.) eh.! rh. $odue b|| b..! .lvld.d th. l&dlord.ld ttlt !r!l<br />
rldl bc cltitlcd to thc por!.r.lo! of rh.lr r..!$tlv. .tir.l lEDcdh.<br />
Btplen tlor.--:th. pt..rL. ol rppr.lFEmt otrU!{!, t!. cfop tr ,rl.r)<br />
rbll h.nc.fonh b. dh.olliru.d.<br />
5, CoElllo{.r rll .l!.l|llo! ol r.ri. -(l) m.r. r.rt i. l3t.! br.!y or<br />
$. follolr<strong>il</strong>i tn.tlod., D|D.lt :<br />
(a) by di?irior oftb. D'odrcc !<br />
(r) by rsr.| fr.d rltt r.forcoo. |o $o !dor. of rb. o.opr lrow! i<br />
(.) by r rd. or. r.co$h.<strong>il</strong> E6t3!1. old.. ;<br />
(d) by a r.st ir t.o.r or thc tcrrlot, o!<br />
(.) Dudy by on. ot lh. noltodr .prclicd h chu! (.), (r) rld (t) or |lh<br />
rub...rdion, rld p|rUy by |'o|!.r o? ol!.r. ot l!ao.<br />
o!. of ttoro 6.tbodr 3hrll not b. codaut.d |! tiols or ir Prrt htotrottlr<br />
v<strong>il</strong>houa thc co!!.ni ol bolh llndlord ird t.!l.t,<br />
(2t lo rh..br!ac. otrcortrrc! or I d.cr.o or ordor ot coopot.at auft.<br />
ority tbrho cortlrry. i.mot. rborc r.!r lr trtoo by .!y of tho oc.lbod. .!!cin.d<br />
irorlrrct (r), (r) &d (c) ofrub.r.crio! (l), or by tho E.lhodt rFd&d<br />
io cL||.. (d) ofl[ rrb.r.ctloD, tt.llrot b.lbbl. to tt.t tor r tclrlct r.or<br />
.t |!y hiihc! r.t., o! of. hiEh.! rDoc.t. r| tl.o.r.Drybg tlll ral.or<br />
.dount pry.bl. In r.rp.c! of rh! r.mr., tor ri6 p!..!<strong>il</strong>l!t r|r|ltrlturl ,cir,<br />
7. Prruri.lor l.dt oc.rrLd rlrlolt co!r.!r or hdbta.-Aly P.r.o!<br />
ln nN.rlon of hld o8!l.d rlrborr rL. corrllt of tic htdlord tldl D.<br />
lirbL to erv for tl. u|. or oocirDrtlo! ot rhr lrld ra rh! rrt ol tcrl D.rbl.<br />
in lbo 9!..aCi!s .rticd|lnl yei or, It r.ot r|. lot Ft|bl. l, |!|| yor, rt<br />
r|lci r.l. u rh. Cocrt Ery dcr.fElao lo b! frlr..!d .qql!rbl..
I Coll..tto. .f t !a. ot mitrlddl DtoD.rtt W!.r l3'- ot 60r' P'ftolr<br />
rra ltrdloldt of ! i.n.nt h ?caD.ct ol th. 'ld. lc.r{cl !G l"'nr tn'rt lot<br />
bG borld loDryD.tr oftt. r.nl ofhlt lclr.ct lo o!. or rrosc pcrrolr '!o<br />
&4. nkt! .!a ll.Ulhh. t lrraha ? l .td Go'c.'-'.d (l) N.ot'<br />
titlrtradinr-rovlbior (o th! coudtrlv co.trl!.d i! nt lor<br />
'!t<br />
'.'. l[6 116' o!'<br />
tn. tn loro. oi rnt irr.cll.ol o?.!trv 16 r rcv.tru. r'c'rd' olroy d'crcc or<br />
oracr of .ov courl dr otl$r rulhoritv. tb. r.ot of .ot l rld o.yrDL ot I lc!'[I<br />
by divirioo oflhc t?o lrc. $tll ool.tc.cd forlv P.r c'riu! oI tn' 9roous<br />
;;d-ii;iii;h;; ;iid;;";ld i.to fGtoi'bi irortt wc't Frootrcr Proeirc'<br />
i;;"'v ari n-i.ti.;; rio.o-o-crti ect, re6r, lerli rfrc' to rt rb. A6!!d'<br />
fi;iai: t6.i;i-r hirtci rii; ir bc<strong>il</strong>d cb;t.d in rl !!c. or bnv t'o'!cv' h<br />
'h'rr<br />
b.-r.dwd lo th..fo!.r<strong>il</strong>d llnll:<br />
Provid.d rbfi if !!y lc aiir,.l rh! ii6c oflb. coEirl lolo forc. o!th.<br />
Ali€ndinr Acl, hotdi!8.tt l.nd or 60r. f.vourrbl. tcrm., !. th'll cottrnr'<br />
ro <strong>il</strong>o.o,<br />
(2) All Oov.rtD.!! duct lcvicd o! tbc lrnd coorri!.d inr lcaroct<br />
rbrll-* ptid by lh. hdlord !!d lt. tcn.lt ir lh! t,Ea P?olo.tioa.io<br />
$lch lhcy rhr. tbc Produc. io .ccord<strong>il</strong>cl w<strong>il</strong>! lbr provltlotr or IDlr<br />
Providcd lhrl lfrl ihc tidc olthc cooing <strong>il</strong>to for4 oflb.!\ocadi'l act<br />
r rc!.nt i. lot p.tlot.ty Porlio! of tuch du.!. or ittrliit lcd lu.r rDrl.lo<br />
rou|dh|t3![idt!d..!hcprov<strong>il</strong>ioo|orrhirQ!"|.c|lo!|<br />
con. lirblc for <strong>il</strong>y tu.h plymclt or, .t l!. cr.a o' y bL, lor ItI .dalllo[.|<br />
Prorjdcd furth.r th.t io clt . r!! l. nf. rh.r. ot tl. produ!. mt lt,'<br />
th|n drty D.r ccolrd bur ir iocr..xtl bt vln|r. of rb.9t-o!itio!t or'ub'!ccto!<br />
(lr. h!.h.t'l b..on. ll.bl. io Drv U. Oovcmd.at dc.t to .!co 9o?tror rr ro'<br />
ini!.r.! ia hl. rh.?. oflh. Dtod6c. t.rr lo lh. .nt|l. producc' rrrspcctrY! oI<br />
rh. f.c! eh.lbcr b! sr! .k6dy plyio! rly 9o?tio! or rhc oov.ra6'nr ou'r<br />
;;-!or bu;; no c|t. wltl bc .aqitrad io Piv nor. t!!! ri'l}' Plr catrllo.<br />
8t ta.lor. Fot r[G p!rDo!.t of lhir rob..ccrio! 'Oov{nD.!r duct' D!|o<br />
rh. iq.i tolr I ol htd tcvciruci wrrcr. rrrc. locrt nro en I rlt otblr ruDr lcvcll'<strong>il</strong><br />
i"- o&oi"'cat o! tb. h;d. c'lcot it. t.r l.vlcd und'r th. wcn P.kkl|n<br />
itb.! looovrbl. P.oD.rly T.iAct. i95E (wsl P.li.r.n fct v of l95E)<br />
(l) Notbitrg i! thll rccliotr lb<strong>il</strong>t!!ply lo lh. crt! ofr t.n.!i holdlot .n,<br />
rr.d uod.r rb. Proviicld or tb. C.rrr.l oovcm6.nl.
*;,ffi[t##-ffirr*'m<br />
ra. lL.llrr lo lL a..hl...t l|..t.t !.r-"hr,tt 'hLlr' ll 'irht<br />
,r. iirir ji i.-"i;.rt-,; .dq . Fr.. ofd. tiD 'rd tr@ 'r 'rto<br />
E$ini#"!*i<strong>il</strong>,idlr',!rds*r!i[q*:,x#.ff"11.r!<br />
rl. Cd.a &iiJ.. Tt. r.r.ll ol rl. dir'no' |l'll b' i""d'd 'rd<br />
"-i r''f.iG- !J,.ai,;r'ri dd$i!. rbo 'trtr l& ot' la 'd" 'l<br />
r;rl. cd|r ofJ'vdon.r !. rh'!b nl<br />
rl v|ll-6-Fb-. L.aLa Lcrio'|.'''||l<br />
o'..d io Inc-contdtt i! .nt ltt,.Md'Fl' c!tr6. !t'l' or '!tr'''1.6 ora'd<br />
:-;;;;c;;;; h.';';.i ir ni sirrq noro of Ritirl ot Y',,tr "t r''<br />
drll tf l'.!r. |o Ft rnt irlLF sr o' F 6'r rlt t"E rr<br />
rr.iiof.iy es or dir lo !h l..dlord<br />
It. llb.d- d nl - .lErt|... .l ..t . (D Eirt L"'l r!'ll:rr<br />
b lru. lo trt.ddirF.d t-l lor I ll L.d For.d to !' i! ot l!'<br />
'rst<br />
'' rra ldih'al dl b bc. Dcr|{lt Fa b'la.. uld n r Fl*!<br />
rh.t In..rcB. n d{. lo D. idd't'o! lo iir ldrBt of Lrd trs'<br />
hrq t.rioltl, b.lonr.d lo lh. l.-.ct' t'r rorl Dt dtruYro! ot<br />
drl..iii.. r'rh6l ..r r.a*tir ol tt r..l !.i.1 !.c. : &o<br />
rbr b...'rr.d ro .. .!.t.r.l oa i.r. i! t.rFc o{..t.ko(i.s! ttowg<br />
r..rni t! ri..r. ol tr k-E .r oFBd .lD r!' s' ld t".r<br />
rcor h.r b..n Dr.rtoutlv F d bt hro, r.ks n n p@r.d 'n't rD' or'<br />
.iat r ds to ti. lir of Lld $iC t! dd.d ro ln ri" or r!!<br />
icojry !v rttrmr q qlF*...t|rLt t ..ldirq trr !'r D-'<br />
m.d. t:o d. t.! . r..Der of th..d<strong>il</strong>n'o. to rt. .k..<br />
llt l! a.!.@.r.. ||. .u ld rl.l r..r !:t it" F rrdrl, F'd lr'<br />
c-i-lLit L* ..r.nl-to tl. rolo.r.t. Ito{ orh'. "rr"r' tuo'lt -<br />
trl tLod lb. l.st ir! b..i .llor.d to rold 'd'l<strong>il</strong>'oal Ln<strong>il</strong> it 'r'<br />
'-' iiai.<strong>il</strong>"" .i - .a0,,'- b nr ror'l rcnr o' orr"r& *nl | !' r!or'<br />
l.a|t &d .o.sl orlb ledlora..al<br />
{bt rt. t.ratt.t t|D. d{tina rhr.h th.t. h.. !..! to drrPlt. rt ro "'t "<br />
(tt In nlal.r to or.b.trtrl r..t u.d..ltn K 06, lL Coun '!'ll 'd 19<br />
"' .Lic rr. *ir b u(||.n .M$. .r i d.!nr ro 6! trlr.!rl 'rNrobl'' .'o<br />
olrl D.
lll tn od{tirion lo ol.b.t n.!t ofteot ut.t.t thit r'clion nol bc d'coc'l<br />
rn.;hi!c.m.ot ot r.dlcllot oti.tr rh. d.r.i!a ofrhis Acl<br />
'<strong>il</strong>bin<br />
ta. R6iDlo{ ol nol!t Ccodt &.tt llt ra.. Notr<strong>il</strong>hrt'ld<strong>il</strong>t<br />
rt. forcro'nr r.clinnr oflhlt Acl, if it!pp..n lo. court r6rtr'lr- '-lvlbinl,in rlccG' rot<br />
.. rrmir oircot that tLo r.6 of . r.o.nct h.t bcc! .o.lloi.ltDcd bv onuvbn<br />
ii iiiii<strong>il</strong>* ii,t'r rt. p'oduc rhc..or hit b.Go io dioitrithcd-bv broud<br />
h:rl. dcDo.ii of 3rDd or olh.rl<strong>il</strong>c qh|nitt. rhrl lhc full.nDuDr-or r'nr pvror'<br />
bv rirc ranrnt o.not bc cquit.bltdcficcd. lhc corrl ory' *'l! ulc- ?t'vro!t<br />
Jrclioa of l!. Colletot, .llos tlcb r.Eisiir! frd'|| lh. r.!a pattDl' ot r"<br />
r.o.nr .r m.y.!t rr lo <strong>il</strong> !o bc Jutl.<br />
l!. acd.lor ..4 .6D.tstor oa r.rl co@l!.!t o! llL'l!"lmllof lrld<br />
r.rrai. tli wairi rt'. e.y,rint or rh. rhot. or Inv Prrt of th' l'nd ret'nuc<br />
Drrdl. ii i.tttct ol.ny l.nd it En<strong>il</strong>l.d or 3ulPcoded r K.vcntc unc'r n'v.<br />
fi"!.-;;a [; p:y.b[ in o3b or rh! t.nt b!Fv.bh in lindofrhichrh'<br />
drount h fir.d, bt od.r lcd<strong>il</strong> or sutp.nd, .t rh. qt. Erv b. rnc Palncir ol<br />
tbc r.ot .l rh.t lind lo .r tttoutrl whicn nav h.rr lhc enc PtoPo<strong>il</strong>roi i' or'<br />
rtotc oi rlc aot xvrttc ln rcspcd ot rh. hod r.v..oc of vhich Fvrblc hrr<br />
bcco rooiucd oi rirpcoricd birr ro th. *hol. of rhc l.nd Gv.nuc Pvtrbl' ft<br />
wh.. rb. rnrd.lr ofthc rclt of rar lrnd hat b.Gn tutFld'd !od'r tlit<br />
.hu.. it inrt ri@ia !!d.r.!t!.!3ioo uot<strong>il</strong> tbc coll.'lor or6crt lt' rcr'6!c<br />
lirh:i trnd to t ..!lir.d.<br />
(2) Ar ord.r pt*!d uodc. subecr'or (l) 3b!ll nol bc li.blc to bc cootct'<br />
lld by 3ur! r!.uYCourt.<br />
tjr A ruit lh<strong>il</strong>l oot li. fot rtc rccot.rv for anv t.!r ot *hic! tbc P-rvD'Dr<br />
\ b.ar !.oirlcd or durins th. p..iod of lnc sltPcotio! ol .rv t.nt or *nrco<br />
$. p.yDcll h.. b.c. s!P.!dcd<br />
(4t WhGr. t!. paym.nt olrclt hl! b.Gn 56p.!d.J, rlc pcriod dt-jr<strong>il</strong>s shich<br />
llc rijo.nrion b!. conriored 3brll b. crclud.d rntn.6aPul.no! or rocp'ioo<br />
of lioiirtioD lrrt rib.d for. roir lor lh. rccov'r, or ln' rcot'<br />
r5! tr rh. tindtor collccl! tlolt . tcllot loy tcnt ofrbicb th. Ptvmcnl h.t<br />
t -'<strong>il</strong>"iirr.-,i ii i' ""a. r r"6Dc!3ioi, rlo R. .otcoltc.r drvrcowr trom thc<br />
iiiriiJ ii'J "i'*ir or lot,,.;t tn. r.!t p gorretcd' lld n" 'ho. 'Mvcr bt<br />
rrv ot Dcntltv ! furlh.r AlE nol crcc.o'lt sucn !|t|o!nr o<br />
i.-,i.,.io 5" i"r,i"o.a I. ,t" , Gmit th. roounr ar \elu' or rh' "nt 'o corrccr'd<br />
r6l I$. provition. of rbit sccrron t.l.rinsro rhc rrnit3io! 'nd thc tutp'o'<br />
.i*',,ii rii-"r'yi."r .t rt. rclr D.y bG rpplicd so frr $ rlcv c.o bc n.d.<br />
ffiriid<strong>il</strong>' L-'r.,,t or ebict rh! iand '.rinuc t"i uc'! rcrc!*d (omPou'd'd<br />
iffi;,;;.;;.d; rr'y cr'c ro *ti.tr, itrtc tro't r*coo' i! rsPcct ot rh' Lod<br />
[',lr* ri<strong>il</strong>lmi*',*{".";*{J*';:;:t*,1 1"."}:':"':'"J"lxi' l,ii] :
l! rol.. for th. tlE. b.itt i! fot . tor r.$htint tht r6ltrto! rld s$Pdrlon<br />
(t) Any 3!! ol tlicb l[. tcrr.i j. otdcttd.{idd 'ub'tetiot (t) o'<br />
.did<strong>il</strong> ol;..t d t qxt Dv b. |@Er.d bv th. ColL'lo! ! if n *tc "<br />
' rG Por.r to at .ll rt.t l. cn.b.t!.r rn tG Oi'Gt b cnb" of<br />
fi G'follotint d6,!ro.lt :<br />
Lr Wi6 . hrdl.rd Efut.. to r.c.iv., or 8r..lr . r.ccitl fot. |!v r'!l<br />
'' '|y.bL i! o@t ti.. r.od.cd toni6Dt. t o'!r:<br />
r!.$t it i! dorbt.3lo ttc Frtot 6r<strong>il</strong>l.d lo r.6ivc r..r Prt'<br />
r!! r.o.!t oly.ppl, r.lbc R.V.NG OOer fot l.rv. tq-d.9otit tb! r.rl i! th<br />
6ine-.!d lhc Rcr.nulolkr 3h.ll tceiv.lh.6.F6't o rllcr .rEr!r.a o.<br />
iior<strong>il</strong>Jr. li ii itoe.l rtgc i. tufrd.nt t.o!d io. tbt .gPliorio. .!d ir th'<br />
.;i<strong>il</strong>iont p.,| lh. t ., it.!y, 6.ttebl. rd u. is!. or u<br />
lt. E!.c of,:{ctrbt r..t-( l) Wlcn rd.por<strong>il</strong> h.. b.!tr to rceiY.d,<br />
it rb.ll b. ik.Eld-to Dt . FyDarl D.d. b, tl.lc.lot lo ii3ledlord i!<br />
(D Tt R.v. r. O6cct ..eiri!! t!. d.9os'r 3!.[ airc lode or.tt?<br />
r4iot lt.r.olb.r.D GM!rho l. b.t Ert@ lo b.lacv. ctri6r orit.!r[.q<br />
'o r[. d;@rirrod oti'rv th..oount rbltot to.rv p.6on ltpariti to tii<br />
lo h. dd<strong>il</strong>.d 6.n to, i.i !i.t, lr D. th<strong>il</strong>tr it. Et.i. .!o .l.Po!it Fodtll In.<br />
d.chlo! of . conD.tc!. Co{n .. ro lh! p.rtoo e c!ft|.d,<br />
(l) No Nit er ott r Drocaldtos rtrlt t ioiritltcd .rhr Oovc.lDot or<br />
.ny o|lcer of rh. Csrl.roo..t in crr..l ol .oylb<strong>il</strong>a do.. bt tbc R.rr!o.<br />
Odccr !!d.r tlit rccri.{. bll lotb<strong>il</strong>t l. r!,r Nb-ktion ri.ll trvelt..1<br />
Etur .!'rtLd t'. |wiv. O..Doo.l or.rr.uab d.od<strong>il</strong> troD..coEn!a<br />
Iroo I r.ror ro rloo it tr 0..! Fld br. ReEr. Ofr€r,<br />
I!, t.ssr or r.Dt &d.rl*r.a -(D lf.! ord.r irDd. br..v<br />
Courr lor rh. .rre[[.!r of tb. Drodrc. ''.aN. ol r t.n.!4y or oI .!, Ddrl of . l.!'<br />
|!cy th. ltrdlor.l u) .pplt to tlc R.E!!c OGer by rloo tb..u.cno.!r It<br />
ro b. or bD be! D.it lo t.[ lhc Droduc. |!d D.y ro Din out ol r!. !r...car<br />
oftl.|.1. tt i.oftL.oo!.1o. rlo. of:-<br />
(.) ..t rcd r[&n !.t f.U.! de to biE i. r.!D.cl ofrb. r..@t *<strong>il</strong>lit<br />
tla tsr ies..lirr.lt DtediDa 6. .Dplic.rioo, .n
etol. or tny $rl of thc rcol lo b6 ptovcd. hc airll cru3c lbe P'rrL;L(! or "uLh<br />
iJ'iio. rrrc'rcbr ,r to ."v d.Gm ';cc.ttrv, !o bc rold, 'nd 3h'll 'pplv th' Pro'<br />
tiaiot rtc utc ir rtc Srit i!3irocc to 3ati3f, tbc cl'im<br />
{3) Th. nndio! oftb. R.v.tu. Omcc! utrdcr tub-lcction (2) shollhivc rhc<br />
r.rci rir" Jirio i'-r 'uit b;rqc.D rh.l!idrord .rd rhc tcn'or'<br />
tt. Tr.r!|!.tl ol l.t!.. lor t rlod .r$Gdl'i or 'qs'l l' l"i ot tt"so'!r<br />
^a l..a ..t.M.-(ll Wh.!. n lai!. h!, btcn 8"nlcd or rn '8r'eo"r nrs o'cn<br />
iriiJi i-"ii,, ui " tii;a-.*o.r in ft'pcct or.nv r'nd r$'3ted ro r'nd revcouc<br />
diiiJ6 i r.'i"a crc.cdins rhi t!rB! fo' which rhc l"d "vcolc i" bccn<br />
;;:i..liib;,;"1;i"'h.iaum-prvabtc in rc'pect ot rhc hDd und'r rh' r'cic<br />
;;;;;;;;'.;d'ih;t rciri 6ar crpirco' tb' rcrt' o? .8r'cn'nt 3brrrb'<br />
*'<br />
i.ii iiii-'<strong>il</strong>J i"aitii icrion ro wtroo thc totc hot b'cn s'!!tcd or<br />
iiit *l'"iiii trtr bc.r into to plv such<br />
iii ""i*.*i 'ntcrcd 'cfo{s '<strong>il</strong>-"tti* iii ncvcruc court, on thc luit of thc I'nd-own'r'<br />
oiicroincs to bc rrir "i rod " tquitlblc i ald<br />
Whcrc th. rclllion of landto.d erd tlntnl cxktt bcrwcc'r rhc vrntor itrd<br />
l,.or.Jofrrit.i'., o, bcr'Gco thc P.trotr tlio into !tr'cD'!r :<br />
'o':'rcd 'hc<br />
rrl ai thc ootion of thc tcnant <strong>il</strong> thc hDd rctcn c of lhc la'd br3 bc'n<br />
"' ;:d;h;'Jii;i";iir"ro i.ru'c, ro o"c'1't rcnr a! R'knN<br />
'u'h- ' Courr, on th. luir of thG lcnrot d'l'rDin" lo bc lJ'r nno<br />
'qutraorc<br />
(2) Any .lrccD.nl r'tativ.- lo lhc occrpalioo' r'nt..Prol<strong>il</strong>!' or producc<br />
(,1 !t lhc oDlion ol tho tond-ottrc! if lh' Ltnd'rcv'o"c ol lhc laod h"<br />
ofr;'l'nd;bi;h hrt b.cn corcrcd inro to! thc tcrn ol th' curr'n(v o|.n<br />
<strong>il</strong>'..i'iii, inrenrron-cr'irlv ippcar i rh' i8r'co'nr'<br />
ii-iiJiii"."*i 't"rr. "'t..' i' rcrninatc,l ".ont'rrv bi coiicnt or Innics i'i coursc or uw' cootinuc<br />
id lorcG ut<strong>il</strong>. rcvit.d !t3.!e6.ot lJl.t.llcc!<br />
20. R.lhq{rrbD.lt bt l..t!t for . titqt l.:Dr'-A t'lrnt boldiot for t<br />
nxco iir"' "rair "."r,4"r ;r . d..r.. or ord't of 'oBPct'nt 'urlrorirv' mrv<br />
'i:-o;i h h'; '.traocy si'bou( noticc .t LbG .nd of thc rcrm<br />
21. R.tl.{bkbr.Dl bJ rlt oti.r tcltit {l) Anv otftct t'oadl mav t'lid'<br />
..1.1-r'; icnrniv bv ri.ni vclarllv or in *'rlio?. to hi3 liodlord ot to D't<br />
i.naioiat a.nio'i oi tcrnrc-rb. lirtc?rrh d.v ol,rDurrv in 'nv )cir' notrcc or<br />
t ir intcoxo; ro rclioquitb tho tcnalcv cl thc cnd of tbc aEicuhutcl vcet tb'!<br />
l2l Thc llnrnt mrv, iDn.ldot, or irlddrtion lo. tivi'slhc solicc in.rh!<br />
-*;;'. ;;;ri;;.d ir 'sb rccrioi i t, aPprv ro ! R'Y"uc olliccr oo o' b'ri{'<br />
i;:;;'ri:;i;;;'.;J,oiJu'e ' c !o :c: ! a.- oo trtc rindro'd' atd rr'c<br />
ii".i"i oma.. on rce.i\r's tL. cu'ror"rvr' '.'r.Lt rrom th' r( Dtr('.['ll caus'<br />
noticc ro bc sr cd e! tl8y b!.<br />
132
O) lt rbc rctr.it doa mt !iv. lotic. io lb. orln.r pr.sib.d in tbk<br />
r.crion, b. iblll 6. li.b'. ro r!, rb. r.nr of bitrc.rRt ot.., !dr! ollhr<br />
.!!uirr rsricullur.l r... du.itr! rhlch th.l...n.t i!Do! l.I by lh. l.ndlo.d io<br />
.odc otlc. D.nor ot ir lor cullirr. by lhc l.ndlorJ hiDlcli<br />
tl n.l<strong>il</strong>{!&tr.r or t rt6ltolr t..r.t -At.E!r o!mr, rithoulln.<br />
6!Ft of hir l.!.llordr !.linq!tun . F.t oolt of nir l6d.r,<br />
|J. Gr.da, ol.F.{@!t of ld..lr aor. nnd ld!,-A tc!.!r no|din! fo.<br />
. 6!.d t.rh udcr ! co.lr.cr of . dcg.. o. d..r.! or ord.r ol . coDDtllt<br />
rurioriry, lnall b.li.bl. Io bc .i..t.d ftoo bir r.!..cy .r rhc cxpn.rio! of<br />
(,) rb.t tc h.r{s..1lhc l.nd coEtri!.d in tt. rd.Fr i..6.0!.r rhic!<br />
t.rdc.r ir u.6r fo. tb. purpotd for rhicn h. h.|r| n :<br />
(6) vh.lc rdr ir F .bl. io tind, lh'r h. t.t iirfout ru6ci.nr dle<br />
f.<strong>il</strong>cd lo ohi{t. rh.t hnd in rhr h.nocr or lo t!. crr.nt o5toD.ry<br />
i! tlc lo..lirr in rnicb rhc h.tl i. riru.lc:<br />
(.) on lny l.ood thicn wou<strong>il</strong> ju<strong>il</strong>ify .jlctD.nl !.d.r th! cootr.ct, d.qe<br />
!4, !i.cro6t olotns torrlt-(l) A r.nlnr rho do.3 Dol hold for.<br />
fircd r.rn urd* . .ortr.ct or. dc.r..or ord.r ol.n, @! plt.at .urborhy,<br />
n.t b..irrcd rl lh..nd ofth! Inird y.!. froE ![.6M..€n.nt ot rhc<br />
rco.rcr .nd lor b{orG .!d or rnr of rhc rolbv<strong>il</strong>s rrousdr, b.forc Dc .rpid.<br />
to! In.r@l llocly :-<br />
(.) thrr hc h.r L<strong>il</strong>.{ ro try Ln. rcnt o! tb. d.r. *!.! ir |:ltr do. ;<br />
(b) lhal hc !q rcdrvcd tbc rtolc or pon ollh. Drodue fro6 rb. rhi.rt.<br />
io3-noor bcfor. it it dividcd:<br />
G) rhr h. h!! u$d rhc hod codDriscd io ln. rlolcy i! rh. Dtr..l<br />
qhjcb r.nd.rr it uolr for rh. pur6tc! ot rbich [. hcld n i<br />
(d) ehd. tb. Ert ir FFbl. ir ti , lhrl h. Il$. ritbodt rullct.lr eut.<br />
r.ikd ro qltiEr. l!.r l.dd i. r!. @..r d to tt. crt.or turoo.rt<br />
io rhc l0..l<strong>il</strong>y i! utich rh.lodd tr riru.r.<br />
(2) No hldlord, in (b.6i. ofr rcnrir wrro d@r .or iold fofu nr.d<br />
lctn u!d.tr.obt[.lor. dlacc or ordcr olcoDD.rc.r rultoar!. $rI.dhrDc.<br />
tb. rcol dlritrs tb. pcriod rhrr bc ir .or Gnhtt.d io.j.cr rhc r! rl und{ tb.<br />
rdrr pr.6rn3 !uBFrro!.<br />
25. Rdtrr.0.r...jeret. - A r.ohr rbr lot t .i!ct.d otncr*jr. !h!<br />
i..rdlrioo ordec. for.j..:r!rctrr, .rc?pt io lt. fonor6!er.t. ubdr:.-<br />
(r) $fb... d.cc. for.n $r..r of ...r i. r.rr..r ot hi3 r.lrDcr h$<br />
D..r pa$4.rrDlt D,B..d r.n.ior nr!.ris[.! .<br />
(b) wirfu 'h. t.Il!t_dos.or hoE rurd tir.d lerd uod.r ! corrr*i or.<br />
d
Etqitt*fiit.<strong>il</strong>$r#.tnlnnt;i;li.l;r,H"r#<br />
<strong>il</strong>t[f <strong>il</strong>$i1i,g5<strong>il</strong>$g,|ffiq:;;ffi tr<br />
ll tb. .hoont 't not ro prid. lh. RGv'n!' One' {!lt 3!bj'ct to lb' pro'<br />
rr"i' liir<strong>il</strong>i r.i vitb i.3pcr to th' prvm'nt or 'osp'n3'rio'' ordq th'<br />
iiiir-i"nr olrl. to"nt u"tcs idd ciu5. i! 'ho{n !u rr' coorr'rv'<br />
2!. !h.h(.t !t artrir l...nlrbY loll.c -(l)<br />
d rbc londlotd i! unY such.r<br />
&v.ou.Omc.. !b!ll, <strong>il</strong> tl. !pdicrlioo n r! o'orr<br />
i th. Le ofn. eBc 3 loti.c ot.j.crF.nt to oc<br />
On r.c.ivins lh. lptlicalion<br />
.husc (r) ofsccrioo 25. t!.<br />
.nd lor bp.n to obj..tion<br />
l1r A noli6 u&.3ub'..Gtio! (l) rh:U not b' $rv'd !lt'r lh' 6nc'nlb<br />
lv;l Nov.mbcr io itt.!.ricullunl v.'r'<br />
Itl Nolic' utd'r (l) 3bll b' 3lrvqd o' ltc r"t'titrh'<br />
'uts3Flid<br />
-rii.l'r.,<strong>il</strong>iiiriii-"',ir.ii i, otPoi"t io rh' Provirion or 3'ciiotr 21'<br />
l.\ TIE n.ric ehlll sp6ifv rh! n!6. of tnc htdlord d wbo3'<br />
r.lll".ll i'iiiii"ii i'ir,. <strong>il</strong>.d ro shrcb it inrord 'Ppliolion rbc<br />
#;i':;i';;;;;;;;<br />
-rr't" 'nd 'hrrt<br />
'b. r.nd b.rorc th' 6rt d'v orM" n'rr.torroritr!<br />
iir:i,.'iii.-i.i.1'-ii ,;;;,.ii t'ir ti"tititv to-crtcr'cnt h' hu5r in3riturc I<br />
;iri-iii iriii ii,ipii",r 5 R.v.nu. cont wnh'n |*oh'irhs 1106 rhc r3r' ot<br />
[. EfriGc ot rb. n.rie.<br />
m*r*i*$ifr ltxft uir$<strong>il</strong>l"irlli*'*'''.<br />
{6) tfw<strong>il</strong>hi.lwo nonth3 f,on lhc thl..ot lhc icwk' ol rh' nolic' ih'<br />
t6.'ii'ai:. .o i tiutc ' 3uit to Nnt.'t his lirb'ti(t (d b€ 'jccrc'l ' R'r'!u'<br />
oti+i."<strong>il</strong>crooticr'"nortb.hn'llord thrlr rlbjccl lo rh' trounons ol<br />
'tliii'.i;ii''i.i;;;i '; tt'-.*yoi"i otco.p.ortio". -dG' 'h' 'jcc'E'or or<br />
Drovidcd lhrl lb. R.vhu. O64t thrll nol m'kc th' ord" unl<strong>il</strong> h' i!<br />
\ira.d {h rb. oolic. qrr dolv erv.d oE 'h.i.!!nr'
f. r r rhth itoi. Iro 60!tb tho tadat <strong>il</strong>ltitclca I ruia to oo!!6i li.<br />
li.btltf 6 h. .ic.r.d .!d f.iL h tn. r0it. u. Co[t( bt tud thc trit lr d.t!r.<br />
Dh.dit ll bt lb docr.. db.ct tl. .j..a!.!t ot ti. ic!.tl<br />
29. Patr ta ta trta-Ta. Borid ol Ravao$ nal| E*o td.r<br />
Drllcrlllot :-<br />
(t lt. foto rnd h!!o|t! of!99ll6 oll rld ll! !ollc.! ||ldcr tf,. t'o<br />
hrl lor{o<strong>il</strong>t a*tioot I rqt<br />
O) th. dr.!.r i!,iL[ thita |pglbdio!. .!d todc.. .t! to bc rl<strong>il</strong>d<br />
ud .tt al!d,<br />
30. Tlc J.r .h.rr{ -A d.crcc ot otdcr foq t[. citl6.ot of I l'u!t<br />
rbrll aor bc 6rc.ritcd rt rot ollar tio. lD.l Darreo rDo [t3t olyll lllt<br />
.!d tho fflo.!ft d.v ol oa. (bolh t'|vt hchtivc). [rlclr llr. courl Ert-inl u.<br />
dlcl.c or. rh.rc tba ordcr irhada undat ac.tioF 17, |!a o[ccr Eali tla ot6ar<br />
o6c.rL. dh.cl!.<br />
31, Llttrr.l.tt f.?Llh.-(l) ff tn r |uit foi l[G cj.ct.mrt otr r |'t<br />
or e-tiiioi *'iti riou'di ncnrioi'ia h chu.t (,) rldir) of icrlor2t..lr|<br />
lDoctr to tlc Co!.t rbll rt. i.jtttt crul.d bt ti. rcl d omittbn or t!rc!<br />
ri; rlir i. brld ir qDabl. ofb.irr r.ocdi.d, or thrt .! r'|rd of@rPc '<br />
lior r<strong>il</strong>l b! tufici.lt niirfr:tlon to-rtc Lndlord th.tdorc lh. Colrt Drt'<br />
i.iiora oinrtlm r accrcc for rh.ci.cto.nt ol th. tco.Dt, ord.t lio to GD'ct<br />
ti! hiofl shhirl Dcriod to bc fu.d i! ti. ordcr' or od.. hiE lo F r0lo<br />
Corrt: rirhlE ruct i pcriod, loch codp!|r|tior rt lic couR ri<strong>il</strong>lt !l<br />
(t) t}c Court 6rr, froo lioc for .pcci.l rcr3o!t' .rt.!d I p'riod<br />
tucd bt h !dd!r rbtccdoo (\ .<br />
(3) lf Tittir lh6 e.rlod ot crt.!d.d pcti.d' .. tlc c|!' !l!v bt q'd Y<br />
t[! ddlrt un dcr rhi. t.crion, ll. iDjlt, i. '.6.di4 or o! comD'ltrro! rr Pu'<br />
. d.cacc for lhc ..i.ctdcnl of $c l.s|ot lDdl no! !. r dc'<br />
,,, ;t.,m.'l''mffi Hf .1#.:i :f #:1 H,ffi f "ti'ffi :<br />
;,it"$'i'SL"1,i li: #l"l',:t ::' i,ll.i".ffi h."o'#'1.1""' :idfi<br />
raro!$lc 116! to h|.vc.( t!cd.<br />
(2) Thc Courl or R.v.!!! Ofrcc? dlcrc.in3 o' otdtrior lbc li'c<strong>il</strong>clt ol<br />
u. rl<strong>il</strong>.oi iivi#'rli'iJirlJriiiiiirii r.'iiiial'o.iiiiii! v.,- iii'e"t' .'i"<br />
135
Lr! cdr.qs.r, ot tb. Provhionr ot tlb.rcdlo! (l) b.tft..n O. LEdlod<br />
It r!. lcu!!. ot b.t'.co tb. L!.llonl .0d .0y Frd r!I'rr3d lo lrrv.rr t!.<br />
'.'r of rhc tcNl |!d E t i! ir! or bit di!.r.lD! :<br />
{.! dir.ct ttrr rlc t4.!t D.t for rh. loo&r o!.uprtloo ot lt. Lld<br />
' lmr.d ro hio uldcr nib-tcctio! (ll ruch r.!t |! 6.t br tir.!d<br />
rbl d.r.dir. thc rlu. ot tl! Dn.ofr olcot .!d u.l.lh.E.l crc9l rtd o!<br />
- ' D!yE..r tf,Gmf by rhcltldlord to O. Courl ot Ro..u. OEe.' forln'<br />
rirh .j.ct th6 rcnrrt.<br />
(31 Wh.!. t.!.!t fot tbo.. .j.cocnt Ptr..dit!! ttE bc'!.t3*tn' !.t<br />
c.t;i bly eirh l@l utrs.. 9rcp.r.d ror totira.'!t r.!d coEp.r5'o.r! -atr<br />
r!.ncr. bui hlt nd b*n or pl.nl.d croF on th'l Ln<br />
Gtriiri,o rtc rooto'c uroh clcctrucri r r.it .qoirrl.nt i! 6o!cv ror rbc<br />
lbosr..d.toitll .tt rd.rt bt bio. i! !o Pr.F.in& lhc L.o. r!6 r!. cbun<br />
i-iiii"". oo*. u"i". "t iai or wloE r[. Dro.cldiDr .:. Fn9i'lltrrl oo<br />
l..oDli..riod of rh. d.l..6i!c rb. .uE prv.bL lo.t!. t.<br />
id6irO rtry hig ricootrt !.l<strong>il</strong> lhtl ruo b.t b..! Fl'l ro lio<br />
i S. r.U roc trotn qo.naor d.l..t1rt.-I! .<strong>il</strong>!.. of !!' folot<strong>il</strong>t<br />
d.!, n.ncry:-<br />
(rr itr r?lrot b.r b..! ditdq3cd 'itloot !b .o4!t of lir rc!.4t<br />
' ' ;r.or D.tt th.rcofoll;rritc lbt! .! cteutloo ot. ddF or th.! lo<br />
oueirie of ur or&r radct srio! l7 or tEt'o! 2l<br />
lbl if. t.dDt tho. lot !.rin innitucd. tuit uld.r t'cri@ 2t !|' b"a<br />
' ' ciElcd for hn idocv or-rot t"t rb'r'of in Purr{'!c' ol'n ord'r<br />
u;d.r rnrt s.cri6 d.iri.t h't lirbi|nv to bc .i:crcd,<br />
te tG ot ory, tirhi. oo. t.|r froo lbc drt. of dirpot!cttio!-ot.'j'.cta0!t.<br />
brirurc . trit lor r.cov.r, ot Dotlctiio. or ror.oap.t l|on o? rcr Dor!<br />
34 8.t o.itll bh -No p'Bon rbo 'j'clo'nt h'r b!@ ord'rcd 'bv^'<br />
l.vc!u. Corrr rccrio! 28, rub{cct'ot 17) or *lotc ru't Drt<br />
t36
!!t blitol. | 3uit i! r Civit Colrt to ool.sl b<strong>il</strong> ll.b<strong>il</strong>itt io GicctDclt<br />
o! to Ea.r.r !o.t 1'ir)r ot lo rtcor.t caoltQarld.<br />
!J. !.r .t rdld It tdr t.lLt xcu.. I ( .t I ot lt?) -Pd!6'iot oI I<br />
r. *rorof$t btd coDltit di!.lcorrt <strong>il</strong>rll .ol bc r
t9. Tra.t .t Lu tl a} t .tt rc lrtt a' t' t Lt i' 4tI ol ithr.-If r h.tuotd t.!&'| lo r t n|lr . lc.!. oa !t l'[!" lor rcd "Q+. or<br />
fli;-r;s; ro tG; itoD r[" d.t. ot tL.6r tll! Fid !v ' $c tcu!('<br />
iir'fo iii* .i'r i' dt b. qrccd o!. t!. t.!drr' tf icclit'd b, tL icur'<br />
lii &-;ii.,! bt ri6 '!o c&polrio ir rclFd of iD!'or'Bot Ptl'<br />
i.orlt o.d. on l!. l.!uct.<br />
rto. u.llllt' lor.r cotF li- tot llPnt ...lt a. l+:+ F<br />
. l: .ti,ciit<br />
'IGI.I<br />
,it it to ih! Droti.i@ ot thi!<br />
'it.-sobj..r ^cr' ' rull<br />
Iro'-Liiiai or hir lcurcv. ir tlb Act<br />
{iriit-li .iinJ, "rip-".4'.rr .nd t!. r.!r Prt.!|. '!cord'!@ 'hh b, bie ftltl lot h' 'nt'!c'd u!01<br />
L br r.c.itd cooFoxlio! for<br />
'nPtor.Brlt.<br />
al. c@d.. t.. a&trLG or d-tl{ bt- -(l) A t'qlt!.'lo<br />
I ,i"1.' clrrihrio. t.!d rL<strong>il</strong> it lrot!. r!'. rt'd'<br />
i "lli'.iiidl.orur <strong>il</strong>iiiiEo-ii 'idcd -id'; arco ft. r..dro'd ooD'otrrro! ro' di {rb"c"<br />
hitiri,,i"31;',-1!;*.-#;"'#,0:.i:'"'lr,'T#lijtit:<br />
lf '#ii#;:",litr1.*"',L1,fr lli.i'.,1-":"::.x'I":S[trJf I<br />
hl<strong>il</strong> or lrt F l 6.r.oL<br />
t"(?,,f ,t?lty,F,'.#",T'"lE'l"gtT'{t:'SEfi i<strong>il</strong>i;-i<br />
S,L;iiii,;.ii d";bi.;i[.;omt or rhc ;.vcir!. or'b' hod i'r' rh"uu:t<br />
h}##i,Sn'r,'d#ffi :#t+ jii:##i$<br />
Hl;f jj:f,$"$ft33'.g;;T"$#'iiih'I'ii<strong>il</strong>i.:,!j*}i"p,ti<br />
t"*;rTlXlfiJ<strong>il</strong>'l@' b' t'v'n o.-''-h 'itbdottb'<br />
(.) trlclr loric. !.t be! 3.rv.d oo. tclrnt und'r s'crio! 2? :<br />
lrr rbca . loric. ot.lFltcot h.t b..! lcrv'd o! ' tcnllr utd" S'<br />
*' lii-'ni [ii'ii iii'in-i.;rnrr.d ! turr to co'r'tr ti! rr'biritv 28
l| rdnt!.yrdltotl! R.v6!. OOer h.t<strong>il</strong>r rltborirr !o ord.r lir<br />
.iFro6r udd ecltor 2t o. crio! 18, .r O. q. b.t bG. to d.r.dl.o |!.<br />
.Dur of @oF.!.tio .l!c to llr for iool@la.it or fd dnt{rb.E,<br />
d lor borb, lod t\. Rcv..s. Orfs.hrll dotcr6i.. rh. .mo!n', <strong>il</strong>!.r, o.@r-<br />
dl.dr rld tt. cj.ct6.nl ol rb. r.r.l<br />
'lry<br />
!.r<strong>il</strong> rho Lndlord prlr ru lb.<br />
I' Ea 06.€r rbc rn|@l s d.tddn.n ld .oy r@B ot r.!t or co r<br />
orond ro th. qt<strong>il</strong>f.clio olrt. R@!B Odc.r ro b. ds.ro rD. Lndtord<br />
lrlo o. r.ort.<br />
a{, Mr(d t. L t !ft}a 1..906r or @p.t.tlo! tor brhr.ti.!t.h<br />
4ridrri4 rba 6b0..!t|lo! rob. .*.rd.d u.d.! thh acr td t6!nl for<br />
.! iEprov.r..r,|!! Coln or R.v.!u. Ollsr rh.ll [.s. r.,.rd ro :-<br />
(r) 6. r@!rl br ruc! th.r.ru. or rt rreduc of r!. rmlcr, or rb.<br />
nl!. oftt l predlcc, ir <strong>il</strong>crced by U.trDroEE.ol:<br />
(r) rb. @,dirio! ol rh. ioprov.fttrt .id rhc rrcb. bt. du.r io! ot jrr<br />
.trd :<br />
(.) l.b.or rld 49|l|l i.g!ir.d for tb! rn.t<strong>il</strong>t of iucn r! iotrov.6.Dr i<br />
(O.!t..d@lid or r.o<strong>il</strong>ioo of r.trr or ord.. .dht.t .Ior.d ro rL.<br />
tc!.rt bt r!. ltndtord i!.o!rid.r.tio. of th. iotrorcocrr ;..d<br />
(.t i. <strong>il</strong>.c4 of r.cl.D.rio! or of rhc a.e.rsrion ol minrur.d <strong>il</strong>to<br />
itlirkd l|!d, thc Loirh ot rio. dsriu tbhh rb. r.r{r l.t t|<strong>il</strong><br />
t!. b..cft ofr!. ibDiot.o.!1.<br />
:|!, Fd. ol-ord.ll6,{t) T!. @Dp.!qri@ .h|lt b. D.d. t', Fl|.<br />
06r d !o!.y, u.rcs-r!. trf,rB.tr4 rhrt rr b. o.dc j! rhot. or jn !.n<br />
bt rt. arer of. b.!.6oirl l.!$ of lud or i! rooc orb.r r.y.<br />
(l) ll th. p.rlic e {rcc. rb. C@ ot 8.'6!. Oficr sb.U d.t. ! ord.r<br />
{. rd|d b4d.letq..rt le &t.rd-rto. ot .o!tsrIor.-(t).<br />
lf ftoo ..y .iu!6 rn ldolol of.ooDrn$rio. Dry|bl.lo. tc.rsr:-<br />
(.) !nd.r tnir A.t for iEp.or.E.ot or djtturbrlcc. or<br />
(r) ud.t 6rn-.32.for rh..vr|!. orlEqrr or utrrt.rcd dotr or rb.<br />
prcForio! of l.Drl lor diD! :<br />
hslrr b.d d.r.r6i6.d b.lor. tb. r!!.nr tr .icl.d. tbc.icctDdr drlt oor b.<br />
D{ldl.d by r.r{E olO. oEnno!, bur rb. C:ou( or R.vi.!. ()6..r rbk!<br />
d.d..d or rho o.ds.d l!..j.cro.!r Doy, ou .ortiorio. qdcbr rh; r.D.!r<br />
*'Oir d. tdr rh6 r!. d.r. or rhc cjd 6.nt. co;er th. o@$io; bv !.tirr<br />
'. hd. ofo. rd.!r.! ord.r tor rba pry!.oL ro b,e by \rb. h!_drod or<br />
o.b coEp.ret'oo rr lh. coln or o6c.r Drr i,Gt.ro<strong>il</strong>c lt. l.drr to b.<br />
(4A! urJd or.l. und.r lub.srno. (r, ory b. .xccurcd in ,!r ro.<br />
!.@r |'. dccr.. tor bo..t u) bc cr4ur.d by. R.v..u. courr.<br />
139
at, Cl.E ol rd.x Oler.-(l) Tl.le rfrllb. rt. tdlluri.rtd$s3<br />
o, BcvclEo OEen, o.6.ly :-<br />
(a) t!. Bdrd of Rcl.dr. :<br />
(d) t[. CooELrio..r i<br />
(n rhc CollFror i<br />
(.) $. Alsitt.ll Coll.ctor oflt.lttl tr.dc; rld<br />
(d) rh. Collcctor ol r!. sc.old andc.<br />
(2) lbc D.Dllr Coibhriol.l of I di...id rhdl bG thc collelo.<br />
b.r.of, I<br />
lll Tb. Edrd of R.vdu. E.rrDroi.t rny Asltt.ot Conbido4t, Eru!<br />
l| i;dor Cooait.ion.ror T.bt<strong>il</strong>dir i6 b. Asirr.. crll4lor or lt. 66r or<br />
ofrb. rc@nd !r.d..1 ir $int tu, rnd o, Nrib.T.bidu to b. r! AttBl.nt<br />
Colhdor of$. r4ood andc,<br />
{al ao6intD.ntr Erd. ud.r .ubcti6 (t) 3t.ll b. bt @t<strong>il</strong>qdo!,<br />
|.d;it #or. r.60. re.ci.llr by !.D. or b, vtrr4 ot hit or54 or of Eot.<br />
imu'rur oo 6y rny dqcriPtid $6ci.'r id t!.it i&!ti6arb.<br />
r5r subi..r ro O. oroyirio!! olthir Acl th. iui.dlclion ot lt. s-rd of<br />
r.k;l. GricoJr to rbd'bol. ot t!. No b.wcr Friti.r ad Cold|aior.B,<br />
Coll..ror. tud &idot Coll.cton ro rn. dintics io tiic! tb.y rt fot tbc<br />
.!8- ADrllo'l.r ra xoeal... ..tdnl'L lt ld.. Otsr-(l) tL.<br />
rort6einr :;;riorio ..d ;rd..dinit rbrll b. <strong>il</strong>irto*d ol bv rt. ld.!E<br />
0I6d. -ai;uch, nnd nocou( rn.i hr. 6trlu.e oldtdnpu. ot dlr.r<br />
ru rBpcct ro ich r.y ru.b .trliorio! ot Proc..drDl dr&r a 6!o.<br />
fIRST GIOUP<br />
{.) pr..lcdint r.l.ti.s |o tb. r.oirtior !!d rsD!!.io! ofr.!ltutd.t<br />
rbl llollgrioD! uod.r t4tio! 26 lot lh..j..to.nr of. t.!.ol r$i.3t<br />
' ' i,i.- r d*rco tot o rrc.. oft.!l i. teD4r ot!h t.nro.v hs b.d<br />
D$s.d r.d r.o.it.d u*rirn.d ;<br />
(.r tDrlrdtroDe und.i ..ctio. 26, $b$ctioD (O fo h"j4'6dl ol '<br />
i.latrro. f,boo . loric. or.id!.!. D.! D.@<br />
iiiir iruurl c uit o cort*i bn lhbjlir, to b..i.ct.d bur b', clt'b'<br />
cd cooP.rsrios t!d.r 3.cllon 11 i<br />
rdl rDr[6t'o!! b,l..dtotdr lot PoI.$p.<br />
itrli.b !.t beo. .8li!cl :<br />
ot lit.l t!. riSht of o'dp'trct
{.) proc.do$. "nb r.tD.d ro rb. .r.d of@oF!|rLio! for iotlow.<br />
SECOND CROUP<br />
Ur .prlieud ud.r Gdion 2!, rub$.tio. (6). ror t[. cjfttE.nt ofr<br />
sual o! tloo r !ori.. of.j.clb..l bt be! t.rv.d .nd qho h$ lot<br />
<strong>il</strong>rt<strong>il</strong>lr.d. luir lo @nrdt hir lirb<strong>il</strong>irr .i.ct.d .nd !.r Nt clri6-<br />
.d .oD!d!.don u.d(.etio. a! i<br />
(r) rpDli..li@ to. rh. d.r.roi'.rio!-r<br />
(I) !!d.r Ftio 12 of 6. ml !.r.bL fd tnd @ticd ty croF !n.!t<br />
or !trrlrbccd .r rh. rio. of & ord.r t ior d& lot rbc.jixt@t of<br />
(,1) ud.. crio. !2 ot Fcio!,16 ol rh. y.l* otd.Di or oft!. loE D.y.<br />
.bl. to rh. t.u.r lor l.bou rnd oDir.t.rr..d.tl b, b'o i. Dr.Fri{<br />
Lld for er<strong>il</strong>t:<br />
THIRD CROUP<br />
(a) .ttli..rio!6 ud.r F.tio! 16 b, t ..6tr ro d.Dorit r.!r ;<br />
(l) .trlic.tioot ultLr ..rio! 2l for *rri.. of notic. ofr.l<strong>il</strong>quith.<br />
(./) r!!li6rioo3 ood.r ...rio. 26 for *rvie of rotie ot .tctEdt.<br />
(2) !r..rr ,r orh.o<strong>il</strong>c provid.d bt rry tuh Erd. by rlc Bddof<br />
R.vd!. ir rhir 6.b.ll:<br />
(.) . Collrro! or .! Artitrrlt Collcror ol G. 6Br r..d. o., dir-<br />
Por. of Dt of th. rppli io .!d !ro.!cdio!, D.!rio..d iE $tt<br />
(r) r. asittl.r coll.cror ot rh.3.co.d ardc. lot b.ina. N.ib.tdlrd.t<br />
st dnPc. of r!. .ppliqlio!3 D.!tio!..| in tb. reold .!d tbnd<br />
|ldrt oIOfl rsb*crioD : !!d<br />
G) | N.<strong>il</strong>-T.lr<strong>il</strong>dr. *lcr <strong>il</strong>Er.d rnb rh. ,o*r of.! Asntsr CoF<br />
lBrd oJ rt !.co!.l ardq dr dtrtd. ot ioy of t h. .ptlidriont o.F<br />
Uoc6 '! rh. uird so!, of r!.r 3ubkrio!.<br />
,19. l.fd C@! .{.!lt .nd.lh !t tLr.-(l) wh... R.v.!u.<br />
Oltc.r i!.!.Ei!'Dr juri..licrio! qnb t.D..t ro .!y.x! 6uii r! ir dcs(ribrd iD<br />
sub.stioo (l) d anh t.rt*t to u rplsl or orbcr pre..di!8 lri,inr our of<br />
ur Nch ru<strong>il</strong>, bc rb.ll b. qll.a . Rcvou. C@n.<br />
(4 Th.rc ll.[ b. r!. dB cL!c. orR.v.ac Courr, uot R.kqu!<br />
Otnan u!d.r Oi. Acl, ...1 lr th..bcec ot .trr dd.r of tt. trovi!.!'<br />
OorhE.rr to tL. oltntr, R.v.o!. (rfta. of.!r cL!. Lvi4 juri5dicl'o!
hbi. ..y ldl lioir. urdc. rlh Ad tbll b.. R.t..!. Cosn of 0E t.a.<br />
.L|. !.{i.r iutitdLlio! tithi. t!. aE.lsl lioltt.<br />
Ot Tl. lollo'<strong>il</strong>r &itt rLll L i!.tirot.d i. .!d !..nt.!d &r..oi..a<br />
ty R.v.iu. Coltrr,rld !o oth.r cornt.h.llt.t. co0irr.c ol.!t .!ch dtt<br />
nr.or qrr.t ritt BtBr to rlicl..t 3!<strong>il</strong> Eiall !. <strong>il</strong>rlitltd :<br />
th ho..6t. ,1,.. 8d6r. tun .lt dl,.d ta. Ct,tl Cott-i ...in.<br />
r<strong>il</strong> .orniubt. bt rnd iD3ritur.d in. Civ'l Cdrt. n b.coft.t r...r$y to<br />
a..id...v a.rtct r[i.i c.tr und.r lhir lub.t..tio. b. t..rd [d d.r.6io.d<br />
6ty bv. R.{..!. Coun. Civ<strong>il</strong> Cou.t rhrll r8dor. rror rhc r'i.irr rt uru..<br />
.' rtin r.r lor d.cirioi tnd th.r..ricolrn r.quit.d by Ord.. VlL rul.lO.<br />
cint Pt6..d!r. Cod., hd r.furn rf. pl.int tor Ptcclt.tio! to th. Coll.cro. ;<br />
(t) On rh! rb<strong>il</strong>r b.int tr.r..ii., to th! C.lkcrot, ti. Coll.ctor rh.tl<br />
L .tc.d.d ro h.rr.nd d.r.roin. tb. tuir rt.r. tb. v.l!. th.r.of.rc..dl<br />
lr. t.OaOor.hc mt.r intolr.d b olrh. mtur. i.!rio..d i! 3elio. r(t).<br />
Firu Oroor. ol ttc No.lh-lv.( Fronlid lc.rnct Acl. lltlttnd io ot[.r ot..<br />
Dr r...1rh. ruit to.. Asi!t..t Colb.tor olrb. |tt lrdc for dcitio!,<br />
fIRST CROUP<br />
t.) .cn. t.rr... I.ldlotit.od t.d.t fo..dd'tio! lo or.b.t.6.!l otr..t<br />
-' und.r clion ll or fot.ooour.tion or r.tt:<br />
l br .!nr u.dcr Ktd l, for ri. d.r.to'n. ol r.!l or otb.. tuo o! In! . / r.<br />
orrt'oo ol rb. kr6 0l .i .tt.s6c!l of l.!dr.v..c : ..d run.<br />
;'rr'.r ro th. tc.t to b. 9|id u!d.r. Eot!,rr. o.d. i. Eor.L!..<br />
,nb r;o(.) .t Pr.i.nD.d bt r.cnon 6 ol rb. Pulib Al'.urid .l<br />
Lr.d Acl, 1900,<br />
SECOND CROU?<br />
(c) rrnt bt.l.ndlold lo.icl . 1..,.r i<br />
tdt rri|' br r tct.ot ud.r t.qiotr 2E to.o!r.rt l'rbrlxt loq.(ft.n1'i.r<br />
' nolr. ot.i.ctocsl htt bc.o !.rY.,, i<br />
r.n.dr !n'1.. *crio! ,l fo. t..ov..t of pos.$'otr o. x.b<br />
ror coo*.3.tio., ot fo. borh<br />
((t .ny otbd toir blr*..n l.6dlotd rid.<br />
..ndniole on *Brch . !.d!ct r, ldo t...at .rnint olt olih.l..r or<br />
(,) ,ui13 lot $dr ttrtrbl. on.ccolnl of v<strong>il</strong>htc .r0.$.t :<br />
{h fi,O by | @ tb!t( 'n.n!trr.urbolJ'ttlortb.t.cfrb. Pro6r!<br />
- 't.r.ol or ror. t.lrl.E.or or rccouns .<br />
.' orh.r d.Er.a toFhi.b . tlr lr.r '. I R.r..!. Coun lo<strong>il</strong>.r rlir ruF<br />
',1<br />
rufi fot r.cov.tr ol ov.rt.r@..8 of...r or l..d .cv.ou. or or.!t<br />
.crio. i
'"1'Lr."#Sl,'l thc .oolu!'rt of Larotx. iisolan o!<br />
'.tld!r.<br />
TITIRD CROU9<br />
(t) rriB by.ltldtord fo!.rrc!r. of r.rt or th. Eolcy cqrihlcll ofr.ll<br />
or ror srd! r.cov.nblc urd.r t.crioD 7;<br />
(t) tuitt by ! laado*..r ro rccovcr norrF cllin.d cr du. for<br />
E.or ofrishrt i! or ov.r land o.ir *ir.r iocludi og risbB of<br />
light ov.r ftbc.icr, ritbtr of pasrur.lc.Dd forest .iahtt<br />
(a) e<strong>il</strong>s for tuE3 Drylblc oD ac.ouir oflrad ..v.ouc of my<br />
ma.d r.cov.rable 3s!r Biica. of hnd r.v.nu! undc. any<br />
for lhc riD. bcidC io fo.c., onJ by rho eup.rior lind o*d.r<br />
iuEr du. ro hiD sucl<br />
(41 Eept .t olbcrwi3c orovrdcd bv .dv<br />
R.v.ric or rb. Coido<strong>il</strong>iioocr ii rhs b.h.li:-'<br />
(a) ! Collcclor E.y hcar and det.roioc roy<br />
(6) !! Aisrlhor CoUetor of rhc fr3t !od.<br />
of rbc auir! bctrtion.d i! rh. se;ood<br />
ratioo, !!d, ifbc ha! bv naoc bc.n<br />
bchllf by rb. prov<strong>il</strong>cioj Oor..ro.ot,<br />
th. first trould .!d<br />
ru|.e, nrdc by tbo Board of<br />
ofrbc rqits ocnlior.d is tub'<br />
ory [.!r &nd d.tooio. att<br />
and tbrrd Sroups oflbtt sobspccislly<br />
coposer.d i! tbr<br />
aoy of rIc ruirs oeDtro..d In<br />
(.) .3 A$<strong>il</strong>sllor Collcclor of rb. $ond r6dc fl.y hcrr otd d.t..oi..<br />
rly of tic auirs ocnrioo.d in rhc rhird sroup.
o- srr.rlnl.ld.tr.. .nd.olrrot ol R.term Odc.rs.nd rlo,.!r. Co.!..-<br />
(lr Th. tcn.r.l luldini..ddcc all orl,.r k.,.,u. orfir.r.<br />
.h.ll, b. v.rr.d 'tr,.Dd rrr 3uch o6c.rr rnd Couir! 5b.rl<br />
b. sub6'di.r(. ro rn. ao.rd ofR.v.nu..<br />
(2) subjcct t6 rb. $!.rrl 6up.nDr.nd.n.. !.d coorrol or rhc B@rdof<br />
R.v.ru.. . Com'ni"\ioncr rb,ll conkol .ll orh.r R{vrou. Onc.'3.Dd R.v.nu.<br />
(l) subj.d !r ,ror.rrid r.d ro ih. .ontol of rhc CodnBs'o.cr, ' Cbll(r.r<br />
. o6c.r. rn.l Rcv.n!. cod.r ro hr dRkicr.<br />
5r. Po'.r to rt. dl.lribuGr.d 'lrhddn .rd irrt|.r ..5.t.-r l) Th. Borrd<br />
of R.v.nu. of lh. connisio<br />
i..!ch E.nD.r.r it or hc .nin*.6r, any busincs coant'bl. by a RcY.Dn.<br />
OEer or R.r.ru. Colrl uld<br />
12\ Th. ldrd oa R.v.atr..r thc cotr..tor Elv with-<br />
dn* rov c!s. erdin! b.for. inv R.v.nu. 06..r or R.v.o<br />
6.kol.'.nd cith.r riii@\c or iri h,ms.lf, o' by 'n(.D ordcr rcl.r ir tot<br />
dtsrosll ro fy 6th.r Rcvcnn. o6ccr or R.v.ou. coli ubd.. bje 6'td<br />
{rr A! ord.' und.r 6ub.'.crion rl) or r!b{.ctior ()r shtll D<br />
R.v.;i. 06..r or R.v..u. C.u{.;<br />
bnrin.lr *hich bc or n eould ro .!Gr.is. or d.ar wirh wnhi.<br />
rt. b6l limi! 6t it! oq! iurisdi.tio..<br />
51, ^Dp..lrj subj.ci ro th. erov'nonr or<br />
ud.r. ro.to..l lhr<strong>il</strong><br />
':dc<br />
u.dcr rhn A.t bv r R.v.ou. Orfic.r<br />
(a) !o rb. Coll.cro. Bhco rh. ord.r or d.c... ir oad. by aa A$i. ianr<br />
Colletor of.ir[.. sr:d. ?<br />
(b) ro rhc CoDbneiond vh.n .b. ord.r or d.crc. n 6!d€ by r Coll.c.<br />
Prorid.d rb.r 'h.h 5! oriei!.l6rd.r or d.cr.. <strong>il</strong>6nh.n.d o' 6Brrpp.rl;<br />
. fu'rt...9pc.t lrrrl Dor li.,<br />
r^ Aluhamrod s.dta Ktaa r. tittut Edr... IPLD 1957 SC 136-PfR 1957<br />
{lr wP r66 -r0DLRrscr r25-l957tr}PsCR2431,itsasb.ldrh,t rh. Pwt<br />
c;un.'1. 'nd .od.quc.iiy rb. F.d.ral cou't (as ,{ rh.n {'1r, brd jd'Bdk"on<br />
ro b..r 3DD.5lt rrom o'd.r r..!.d by rhc R.v.nuc couir und.r rh. run<strong>il</strong>b<br />
T.nancv Aci. 133? or rh. Norrh w.tr r.;irtr Provi.c. T.Finly Acr, 1950.<br />
rhri Priqy<br />
cou{ rI r rh.b w:!, h jur'h.<br />
16-r0 DL R (sc) r?5- l9s? rl) PscR z{al.<br />
rhir Acr. ond rhc.rl.s rh...-<br />
.pr.lr{. or'l.r or d.c..!,<br />
or R.v.nn. Cou( ! fullosr.<br />
R.v;;i. coudi uni.r rauncy Lre,. tPLD ro\7 sc rs. PLR ret? (r) wP<br />
Sco.ion 34 follo*s !.crion 30, Punjab T?tra.cy Act and prlvjd6 llr.e 'e_<br />
rrdof R.v.n!. i! q'.: wb.'. r p.dv x 'la'r'v'o<br />
h' ro ord.r m.d. und.r tftuoo aO, I.a3dJch, rb.t.to'., o!<br />
5?, P.@doa ol R.r.@ Oicrr -Tlrc Provinci<strong>il</strong> Gov.r8E.nl D'v"<br />
D.tG tuk\ contis ctrt sh'ch tln: Act for r.gulalrnP rhc pto4duk. oI<br />
B.v.ou. of6c.r unde' th't act :n c.i. in *h'Lb ! Pr6crdlrc ( lol Pr.3crro'o
.dnittcdlv pr@.d.d und.r s.ctioo 80 and 6lcd atr aPp'al agrinl-t rh' otdcr ol<br />
ibc eii;'ri,ii t.it."roi "l srh Auast. le5l, bcrotc rhc Coll€ctor orLaebd' Drs-<br />
i'iit.-i<strong>il</strong>i,i"i i"ro.i."r l"iibj p-crii iorcrc to 6te a rc"ision pctirion b'ror' rhc<br />
iigi C"in, ""a "i,i<br />
jnt.em.di uod.r scltion 8r' IPLD Ie61 Kar' 6e2l'<br />
53. Lio<strong>il</strong>atio! f.r rpp..lt -Th. P.tiod of lidit!tio! tor nr lpPc'l und'r<br />
lh. lart fotc8oins 3.cIion ib.ll run fio; tb. d c ol (bc ordcr or d.crcc aPp.al.d<br />
rgr<strong>il</strong>rt,aod rhall b..3 tollo*r, rhat is lo rry :-<br />
(a) t|[.n lh. tppcrl lics lo thc Coll.cior-thirlv davs'<br />
(b) sl.! lh. rpp!.Ilicr to lh. Comditsioocr-ni!.ty davs.<br />
51. R.vie' bt f,.t.r!. Ofrccn. (l)-A R.vcnuc Ofrccr. ar5Jch, may<br />
c;tbct of his o*. motion ordn lhe rnolic.rrion of.ny parry in'.rcsreC. rcvi.w,<br />
a.d on so rcvicwinE, nodiiy, rcvc.s or confrm any order passcd b! hims.lfor<br />
by r.y of his prcdcccs3orr in otrcd;<br />
ProYid.d as follo$ls :-<br />
(d) *h!n a Collcdor thinks it n.c.$ary to rcvi.w r.y ord.r tbich hc has<br />
not hims.lfpascd and wh.. rb.Rcvcnu. Ofliccrofa cl.ss bdow tbat<br />
of th. coll.cror propoe.! ro rcvjcw rnd ord.r ehcrfi.rpais.d by h'm*lf<br />
or by any of bir prcd.ccsort in.of6c., hc rhall first oblain rh. ranction<br />
ot lhc Rcv.nu. OfEc.r lo whosi conlrol bc is ieocdial€ly<br />
(b) a! lpplic.lio! for r.ticw of.n ord.r rhall nol bc.rtc(aincd lrnl.ssit<br />
ir mdd. i,i1hi! nibdy day3 from lh. p.rsins of rhc ordcr, o. unl.$ lb.<br />
appli@nt talisfc' lh. R.r. . Offic.r that nc hrd sufficicnl clusc for<br />
not naling lb..pplicatio! rirhiD tbit.p.riod ;<br />
(.) aD ordcr sh<strong>il</strong>l sol bc nodifcd or (.vcrs.d ur!.rs rerson0bl. ioricc h.!<br />
b€co giv.o 10 panics atr ct.d th.rcby lo app.a! strd b. hcrrd in sub-<br />
Port of lht ord.r ;<br />
(4 r! o.d.r rEainst *iich an<br />
appcal tas beeo prcf.rrcd sball nol b.<br />
(2) For lbc pu.posrs of rbis s.crior rhc Coll€ctor lhall bc d..d.d ro t'.<br />
tbc rlccctsorid.o{6c. ofa.v R.v.du. Offrc.rofa low.r cl.s who has lcft lb!<br />
dktricl or br3 c!a,.d ro cx.rcisc powc6 as a R.vcn ! Otficcrs, snd rc wholt<br />
tb.rc is tro succcssor-in.offrc..<br />
(l) Ar.pp.rl.hru nor li. r.om !o ordc. r.fosi.s ro r€vicw, or @nfr6jor<br />
oa rcvi.w, a prcrjous ordcr.<br />
195
55. CoDlrt tior or prriod lirit.d for rtDerl. rld rPpii(A;J" :or :"i,::<br />
blhc conoutrtion olthe oeriod forsntpp.!l from or and aPpltrljon rar rl'c<br />
hricr of _an ordcr und.r rhi, Act, tfc limit.lion th.rcfor shlll bc 8ovcrn.d by<br />
6. LiEitstioo Act, 19100,<br />
56. Pot.? lo clll for .t.ElE .td rctl.t Proa.cdiog! of Rmi@O6t$i<br />
i t.t.tG Cortt -(l) Th. Bo.rd of Rcvcru. or thc Comdis3ion'r mnv ir<br />
;y rinc c|ll for rid rccord ofany carc pcodi!8 bcforc, or dispo3.d bv. anv<br />
r.v.nuc Omclr or Rcvcnuc Court 3ubordioalc lo it or hid.<br />
(2t A Coll.ctor may call tor thc r.cord ofany casc PcndinS b.forc ot ,l'r_<br />
rcsti'of Uy, any nc"cnuc Omc.r or Rcv.luc Courr und.t his cor'rol<br />
(3) Il in any casc i' qihich a Coll.ctor bascall.d fo. ! ..cord hc is ol<br />
6iiio; 'hrt thc;roc..dio!s r.ten or rhc ord.r or d.crec nad. tbould h.<br />
;od'fr€d or rcv;ricd. I'c -sball subm<strong>il</strong> thc rccotd s;rh lbc oPinion o! tbc c!!c<br />
br rho ordc13 of thc Co6oi3liorer.<br />
(4) lf, !ftcrcraoitr'Ds ar..ord callcd fot byhinrellutrdersub{ccrion (l)or<br />
!b6irr.d to bih und.r sub.t.clioD tll, lhc Commirs'otre s ol o9r.ron lDrl<br />
i h in.rpcdi.nt to rot.rturs with-tirc procccJingt o' th. ordcr or dccrcc, hc<br />
bll prrr.n ord.r accordiogly.<br />
{5) It lfrcr.rNmining lhc rccord,'hc Borrd ol Rcvriu. or lbc Comois.<br />
toa<strong>il</strong> ir of ttrc opinion that it it cxp.dicnl lo int.rfcre with lb. protccditgr<br />
orrb. order or dccr.. on .ny 8.ound on which th. Higbt Courr i, thc .r.rcr&<br />
0f irs rcvisional iurisdrcrion nay. undc hc hw tor lhe liBe b.iDg ir forcc,<br />
ir.rf.r. wirb Draicedinas of 1n ordcr or d.ct.: of i Civ<strong>il</strong> Co{ir, hc shall fir a<br />
drv for hcanirr the c1ic, a,d nay, on rhrt ot aiy sub,eqdcnt dly lo which hc<br />
niv adrourr thihcaringorsbtch hc may appoiut in lbis beh!lf, ptsr suclr<br />
ordcr si bc thinls fit it rbc casc.<br />
t6t Ej(ccDr *h€n rh. Bo.rd of Rcv.nu. or lhe CoDmissroo.r fi8.t undcr<br />
hb.siirion (j), a day for hsrin8 thc cat., to pairy bas aoy riehl to b. h.atd<br />
Lfor. rhc Bolrd ot Rcv.ouc or rhc ComDisionc rbco.:erc<strong>il</strong>inl <strong>il</strong>s or hit<br />
fowcrr urdcr t!i! scctioo-
(2t Ibc ruks h.y provid.,.monr oihd m.tlcB' fo! ttc nod' of 'nforcitl<br />
-a.i" .r *r.".r i,6. d.liv.r, or p6tc$ro! o d 6ovrbl' prcp"rv'<br />
iii- iurJj pio.ai"r "; for rho'. "nd mltrcB m'v conr'r<br />
'n ' R'v'nu' otnc'r 'rl or<br />
iiiv ioecr i'-,cs*a ro.ontcmpr!. Etkr.ne'bd rh' lit'shich a civ<strong>il</strong><br />
eii;;i-"1;;i;; "iiii ii".'dtioo oi rb. d.d'. rh'rcbv rt h't<br />
;..t 'djudg'd 'j'+<br />
fro;. or d.liv.tv ofposi.t3ioD ol3u(h Piopcrrv<br />
(l) Tb. rolct dav .ho protidc for lh' bad' of cr'culing ord'$ ! lo<br />
-rri-_i"'aiji ii'pri" pt*..dins oqdcr.thir Act or uv or tbc prot<strong>il</strong>ioll<br />
ii<strong>il</strong>ii ii,-"i"uG;Jn.";,. Acr, i88? *irh r*D@r 'll<br />
'' 'rbir*rion<br />
{4r SDbhct to rtc ruld uod.r tbi3 3cction, . R.v.truc Offic'r o'v r'Lr:"<br />
-*;'i'io G " i.p"*-.a to dtrpoe or undar r[k Act ro R'v'nu'<br />
oide. tor ir"c"ti;rriotr and rcPorr' !trd @, d.c!'c Lhc 'noth'r 4sr upon rb'<br />
r.porl.<br />
58. P.M!! bv thoa .!!ci.rs. Dtv b' tt& b'ld' Rcvcle OI!'s-3 't<br />
-"rii,h.i'r.i R.i..s coiti.-(l) App'rr'oe b'ro Rcv'ruo ortc'r<br />
lli"i<strong>il</strong>i-,i .-iorii"ii"* . rna rcr! io ii dolc b'ro€ bro und'r rbis Acr d'<br />
(.) by ib. D.rti.. tb.6sdv4, or<br />
(b) by ih. rc.ollitcd aSols or a l.3rl p clitioncr:<br />
P.ovid.d rh.l rh. GnplovF.nl of tg"t or l'gl.p6cririolc<br />
' -reosoiad<br />
;l;;i;; i!;o.d s".odotr. ii<br />
'P'c'Blrv "qoir'd bv ab ord'r ol<br />
.b"ti;;i;-;;';-,b; ti-"jr .ircnd'oc'. o{ ! D'rrv ro st prc"diDt i! 'n'<br />
r)r For rb! 9urpos., of 3ul,_3.cLio. (l)' r'@llizcd r!'ols sh'll bc socn<br />
**li"'"i<br />
'r,li-pi*i*r'l covcraoc't Dat b' ndtiicrion dc(rar' rr rbrr<br />
#ii:l'4:li."<strong>il</strong>j#ti1gH:$j*i{r<br />
;,ij;'j frii<strong>il</strong>fli i'f#<br />
5r. Cct!.-(l) A R.vG!!. Oficd 6 uv siv'.'dd tPportio! tbc co3t or'o'<br />
luch proc..di.8 !3d.r riit Acr i. .!v druftr n' rbrlrs uI'<br />
r2r Bur if !. dddt rh'r tn'<br />
.t.oi. sh.U r.cord his r"to rd r!' @3l3 dy giocc.diog st.ll not tollo* lh'<br />
figfr *i'$5g*tfi'ffi *s*trTq'-:
l unt<strong>il</strong> rol.! .r. oad. o!d.' 3ubjation (l) ud 3[!&'t lo t[o!' tu|"<br />
,id ;.dc.nd lo ltc Dro tiontolln.Acl:-<br />
rrl lh. Cod. of civ<strong>il</strong> Pte.dor. !h.ll, b fot os ir it rtdiobl"Iplt !o<br />
- rll prc...li!sr i! Rcvrruo coun! sb.that b.lorc or nrcr o'ct" i<br />
16r lhc Botd of R.@@ drll. in Bp.cl ot lb$' pr@'di'&, b' dt'6'd<br />
' robc rh. Hirh Cood drni! tt. !a.i4 orlDrl cd'. '!' run' Nc<br />
iJ"iii r:ri ifi"i'i.i ot iti, ,ra. .r.rci;, .! t4.rd' rbc cori und'r n'<br />
'"",itJt,iit',t" p..i".r. Hlgt coufl uddd tb. cod''<br />
6t, P.ftr.t r.t.n Oftq d n.tu Corl to !om! 9.t!d -(l) A<br />
r.v.!u. Om.ct or Rc{..u. Coud ovrudnon rtv p.6o! tnot' rr'trqre<br />
Giiiir'-"iiiti t tttc purpo;. or rnv .itii€rio'' suir or otr'r<br />
Lnrim$ b.fot. "e.-'v hir or it a R.v.!e of6eR ot R.v.noc odn<br />
l2l A o.dor!o 3uDEotrd rb.ll b. bound ro tFp'lral lt' lod Dh'o<br />
'iE!<br />
'.,\..in;; i;i'r:;;;;-l; p.;i-.i, irih. *"i;-s ,o rrro{r. hnr'cog'<br />
dzld .8.!t or I l.g.l tnclnioo.i<br />
(r) Tb. DcEo^ .lt.ndina r. ob.di.E to lh'sDE@! tl|ll b' booDd ro<br />
arjiici-rti r"v .nr:, t.,p.ctins ebich n' i! oi d!16<br />
"0"" 'nfitr'd<br />
li*{:lri;i<strong>il</strong>,iii;*;:"**;'$i:ll:3:i,*1T;$l'".':**"-'<br />
mjiL#f iffi;,f.#+ii'nl'i'rrr'$i"rni:'l':"."'.'l:<br />
*i**nr*g:rtr$r$m;*t:liiffi<br />
$ffirf*5;4ii1iieg5ffi{ir$,tffi<br />
ffii[l'*Ti,iiiii*pi'if 'li-i'.x[iq"i!{i:'ii:l'"i'';':ft<br />
.,J?.Yi::i:i<strong>il</strong>Li,,"'$1'i<strong>il</strong>liif 's"'.1'$i rj''!l;.<strong>il</strong>"ff : ""'':i::
Colrt 6ty,pr.$Dc.lt.t rh. ioDnon.,.r r.rvcd ,r rhc li@c ob.r rh. t.tl.r<br />
wodrd oc d.hv.rcd in rt. ordidrry co!B. otnori.<br />
_-.,6J._ Mod.otstd oa !.tts, ord.r ot DrodD. d d oDy rhdot A<br />
lli:d_h:fl iii,tr'j:%.1i:!.,xl',r**"";,*i 1..,?"T::!,x'f:d'r.j,t;i:<br />
Dr.D.r provid.d<br />
'r<br />
th. tajr fonloins rerioi lor<strong>il</strong>ic En,.c or" em._;- __<br />
, ,. 64. Aditlodl D.& ot plhlhit.s pro.r.lrdor. W!., ! prct.o.rion ,.-<br />
h'rg ro rly llDdi. ig!.d by r Rcv..u: O6er or<br />
.oo,ro!<br />
R.v.n!.<br />
ro..!y.orl?r nodcor puhtiqrio,<br />
Courr,ni[!<br />
.r,icr<br />
.io<br />
.ry coadn.ottorrhc rr-pn.iiiiii r<strong>il</strong>"i<br />
timc b.ing in forc..<br />
r.n.rr<br />
b. D!d. byb.r,oro,trnorolh.,o,-<br />
n.tnod, aDd by<br />
,lbc porrii! ot o cop, rh.,.bI on I con\picuou, phc. In<br />
or d.ar 0. rlnd ro wh'ch it rct .3<br />
('. Jol.&r ot t.!.r. E ,ntid to !bdta{, r.t.tht ror..t. (r) Ary<br />
i'i::Eiii:iiii<strong>il</strong>!:"iric-ri:;:T:#h,i"*j,ifl ,,ti ..;1";:!:j.", j",li<br />
Gov!roor!r hiy d!k. ir- rh:! b.!d[, bc ;rd. paricr rorny proc.adios uoacr<br />
cctroo 6 lo 9and ll to l9 olrhi! a.'<br />
. (2r But r_d_Fk. rd.r .h! nor bc oJ,jc jo aDy luch proc..diD8, u!t.B<br />
lD.,R.EN. Ofin or_RdmJ. Coud tr:!ritfld rbJr AI rh. pi,rE! rhr;io hN.<br />
n.o rd opportuiiry orrpp.lrinr rDd bons nsc.<br />
. {t)./{ d(ft or ordd mrd. i! r.y s0ch !roc..{,hs lhtlt rp..ity rhc.rl.Dr<br />
ro vhrct .rch otlh. r.!!dr it rfi.crcd rb.r.bi,.<br />
66, Er..Ddq ot $tr. uldcr tlt.J.r tD! or* roo ofc.rhi! .!rctr.!r,<br />
NorhidS ir r.$ioo 80 oarb. Cod. o&ivitproc;durc or iotcc,ion16ofrlo<br />
Puojab MdliciprlAcr,,1884, lhrtt b. colrro?d ro rppt, lo.rurrof!crr{<br />
Ecotio!.d ir r.crior 49 ofrhB Aci<br />
.-- 67. .PrtErlr <strong>il</strong>lo Colrt of oo!!, ''ttrrrt.d to bc du. lo th. thnd D.rro!. rl)<br />
i5 duc fr6E h'd oo r.@unr ofrc.t. blt<br />
Dl.rd.r th.r k i! du. nor to rh. phirtF bur ro ! rhnd Bsoo.ll. Cou..rbrtt,<br />
.!@/ ror rtacirl raloo! ro b. r?@rd.d by <strong>il</strong>. r.tu:. to'r.kc;ohrDrc. otrb.<br />
pl{ utrl.n rhc d.lc.dr.t pay3 iDro Court ti..Douor rc.dEnr.d-lo b. dur.<br />
(2) Wh.r. 3sh I 9|yE?lt n o.d.. rb. Coud rbrtl foflh*n\crur nori@<br />
ot rh? pryE.lt ro bG *o.d oo rhc rhird o..s.<br />
(31 Unlcs In. tbnd p. on Mibi! 1!r.. oonrhr fioi <strong>il</strong>c rccipt oflnc<br />
noricc iolrirutcs ! srit lg.iosr 1bo plliDtifl rod th{.in obrs<strong>il</strong>s an ordd et<br />
ld<strong>il</strong>ir8 plyncnt of tlc Eorcy, ir stall b.p.id ro rn. phinrif,o. bb.pPlrcarion<br />
lo lh. Conn rtd.for.<br />
(4) Norhios in rhn r..Lon sbrlr b. rd.ct.d rb. rishl ot loy p.rc. ro<br />
r..ovrr aroo thc plriotifr Eon.y p.id ru bi@ uod.r sub{;clon (lr,<br />
(J) wh.rcad.|' nd.aterJrDon.7In:oCou(und.rrt.r!.triod,lh.Court<br />
th<strong>il</strong>l Siv. thc J.Lnd.rt . r':cip',r)d h. r.cri"r\oprv.n shrlt oFnr.trri
cquiulncc io_th. 116. .hiDn.r rnd ro th. no! crr.nr r! if ir bld b.cn Biv.r<br />
bt rt.9h<strong>il</strong>tiffor tbc third p.rto!, rr rhc cls. 6.y bc.<br />
6!. Er.ollo! ol .t.ttg tor .rrc.r of F!r. A Corn pa$ior I dercc for<br />
.!.8 .r ot r.!r Day, d th. or.t.ppticlrio! or lhc dc.r.._hotd.., of<strong>il</strong>cr.!.culjo!<br />
rhcrorr!!,st tbc Dovsbl. propclry of rh. cnlocy in rcrpccr ofebich rho<br />
69. Pr.tiurior of iDr.irorxlr ot tar.|!I! .t ario. of dc.s t r rttc.t.<br />
dn t. A rclrnt rhatl !or, durtot rhc conrioulrc. of Dir o@uDrlcy. bc lirbtc<br />
|oiEpn$oEclr o! rh. .pplicatio! of i! hldtord i! .rccurio! df r dccr.G<br />
70. Po's io E|.r lrdt to Chll Colrr, (t) lf, tn.!y Frocccdior E!d<strong>il</strong>g<br />
bctarc r Rcycnu. Coorr .icrciiD! ori!i!.1, lpD.lhtG or r.ivisioorl iidldic.<br />
lion, it rpp..rs 10 thc Cou( thrt 8try qoctrion in i$uc ie orrc DroDlr for d.cirioi<br />
by i Civ<strong>il</strong>Court 6!y, *nh th. Drcvious rccrion ofthc Cburi. if .trv<br />
|l. coltrol of qbict.it i! ioocdittcly lubjccl, rcqsirc, by ordcr yriring.';ry '"<br />
t rry ro r!. procrcorn3 ro rolurur., *rtbt! ruch !tD. .s ir D.r [r i! ll|ir<br />
b.b!|f,. tuit i. rh. Civ<strong>il</strong> Courr for OG purpos. of obraini'a t d.ci-iion o! rh.<br />
9lcarioa ird ithc Lih ro coEply eirh rcquiritioD. Ery d.aid. th. ql|.3rio! L<br />
- (2) Ifrbc party insrirurc! rh. stit io coDpti.rc. wtth rh. rcquiiirio!, ih.<br />
R.!..nc Courr_shall displs oJ tb. preccdinr_ pcrdi.s b.rorc it i;.ccordioc.<br />
nth.llc nDtl d..itioo of rb. Civiteourr of 6iriidr|D; ot !p!.at, $ th. clrc
71. Por.r! to r.t r l. Hlrl Co.rt q..!tlor.t lo i!ridhtlo!.-(l) tl th!<br />
Picsidinr Ofrccr ol o Civ<strong>il</strong> or R.v.nuc Court io sbich a suit has b.cn in(itur-<br />
.d doubu *hcrbcr hc i. pr.clud..l fiom |lking coSnizlocc of rhc suit, h. Ely<br />
rcfd Oo m.u.r rb.oud tL. Disrrict Jud!. or Coll.ctor, or, lf ho i! r Dklricr<br />
JudSc or Collcctor, dkcctly to rhc Hirh Courr.<br />
{2) On..y su.h r.t r.rcc b.ing nid!, th. Hith Court nay ordc! rh!<br />
Prcridio! O6er .ith.r ro ploccid with tb. suir or to r.turr tt! platrl for prc.<br />
sdlllioD in 3ucb oth.r Co!!t rs it Dry io itr ord.r d.clar. ro bc coDcr.rca! to<br />
t.t. cotliaDcc of rb. slit.<br />
(3) Tlc ord.r of th. Hirb cou.t or any r$h ref.rcrc. shlll b. colclusirc<br />
r$ r!.i.3r p.r3on *ho !r. trot plrrict ro rb. suit ar e.ll as aSrinlr p.rsors<br />
t2. Pon.r of tllsh Cod ro v.lld.r. ploc.odhBs Drd. udsr nkirke a. ro<br />
jurkdl.dlo! -(l ) In cith.r of the followi.s cascs, rEnel, :-<br />
(a) ifitsppcasrorCiv<strong>il</strong> Court that ! Court udcr it3 control has d.t..<br />
hin.d a suit ota claii o.ltiolcd i! !.ction 49 which ud.! ihc D.ovi!io!!<br />
oflhat letio! 3loutd livc b.cn hqa.d u<strong>il</strong> dctcrditrcd 6, s<br />
R.vcnu. CoDit, or<br />
(b) <strong>il</strong>ir aop.drs ro a Rcvctru! Courr rhar a Co! und.r irs conrroth.r<br />
d.l.rDjD.d a run shicb ibould har. b.m bcard by a Civit Cou .<br />
tl-cCiv<strong>il</strong>Coud or-R.v.!ue Courl a)rbcca!.Eayb.. rho submr l[e record<br />
or luc surt ro ruc }lren (ourr.<br />
(l) lfon plrulal of rhc rccord ir appclB lo rbc H'gh Coun rhat thc suir<br />
was 3o d.trroir.d in Sood f.irh ald tblt rhr p|ni.s br.. oor b.co Dr.iudrccd<br />
by rb. o<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>k. .r ro jurndicrior, rhc Hisb Coun, Day order rhar rhid.;.cc b.<br />
rcgltcrcd r! rhc court ebicb h4 jurirdiclio!.<br />
(3) If it rppors ro tb. Hi8l Coun, oth.rwir. rbalo! subEturio! ofa<br />
r.cord u!d.r 5qb-!.cliou 0), ttqt a Civ<strong>il</strong>Courr u.dc r3 colrlotbr3 d.r.r<br />
biGd n 3uir ofa cl$. o.orioD.d io !..rioE 49 shic! !d.r rhc orovriotu of<br />
'h.r 3.crioo lhould havc bcco berd .od dcrcr6i!.d by a R.v.!i. Cou;r. di.<br />
Highcour mly tE.c.Dy ord.r.d qhich n h'sbl hav. prs.d ifrL. rc;od<br />
(t.wrlh rcstcct (o-atry proc..dr.B sub*qu.nr !o d.$.c Lh. Hrs[ Coun!<br />
o.y Baxc aucn ordcr tor s r.gtrnsrron a Rcv\lue courr or cir,l co! .3<br />
r! uc cucuEnsoc.r appc.6 ro bo jus! ard 'tr prop.r,<br />
201
tJ. thccofdtti!r.-(l) Ao Asskr.rl Coll.clor Dry crcrcir! hie Power3<br />
!od.. thi3 Act at rny Dhc. qithio th. Iioir' ot tb. dislricl in which h. 't<br />
(l) Any otb.r R.vcnuc Otnsr or Rcvciu. Court may o.ly .rerci!. hir<br />
or ir; fow.;i ord.r tbir Acl *irhin tbc loc.l limits pf bh or n' jo.iidi.rion<br />
?{. Holt&t..*(l) Th. Bo.rd ol R.v.!uc, with lh..pProv.l oflhc Pre<br />
vioci.t Gov.hlictrt, sh.ll publish in thc olt.i.l Crt.rrc bcfor.lhc conn'.ncc'<br />
nit of crch calcadar ycai t list ofdays lo bc obscrtcd ia tbsl ,c.r as holidavs<br />
br lll or aty Rcvcruc Omccr!.trd R.vcDllc cJurr3.<br />
(2t A Drc..dirs hold b.forc I Rcv..uc Omdr ot R.v.nu. Cou on .<br />
&vr'r;cci6id itr th.l,st 13 a dly to b. obt.tvcd bv th. Omcct or. court.e.<br />
hoiidai' shrll oot bc inv!lid 6y rtason onty of its havins bc.n hdd on<br />
75, Dl*hr8. of &tl6 of C.ll.clo. ati.g d hl.! diehl" a<br />
-When<br />
coU.cbrdh,or<strong>il</strong>ditablCdt.oFp.rforoingh|!dut|c'<br />
t.ooorrnly lo th. cb'.f .rccutiv. .dDini3lr.lion ol drtlrrc u'o'r oro'rt<br />
'Dv <strong>il</strong>f,t orv'gcocrrlty or 3p.ci.lly ksucd bv lh. Ptovi.ci.l Cor'hEcDr in rhrl<br />
b.hrlf. shi|li bc dc.Ecd ro bc coltcctor u !t rbir Acr.<br />
t6. R.t..lio. ol tot..t bt R.t rm Cnc.i li{!Lt.-Wh.n . R'v'nE<br />
omcri otrnv class whd, cirhcrit tuch or.r t Rcv.ouc clurt' har undc b.<br />
ioiinoior pri,"irioor otit'lr Act.!y Pos.B to bc a.tciscd in aDv l@l&r"<br />
ir rr;nrfarrcd ftoD thrt lo€lar.t to tlorhcr ar R.v.6u' o|nccr or Krecnuc<br />
Court ot rb. $Bc or t bi8h.r clast, tc th:ll controuc lo .Frc'3' rho" powcrr<br />
iirt-'rr ottcr locrtarca, u0l.ts lhc Provrncral Govcrdolnt or tbc Borrd or<br />
i.viruc orhcrvisc dncctr or bat otbcr*i'. di'.cr.d.<br />
t?- Co.l'rD.lt of Dot r ol R.64 OEar or I*n Co!'l -(l) Th'<br />
Prov'n.iEl Gotct.ncrt Da! bv ooriication conr'r o! P'rion :-<br />
'!v<br />
pos.ri ofa Board of R.vc.uc o. coEEissioftr or<br />
*ith- *bicb. ar AsittaEt Collcctor ofcithcr<br />
aradc r!, ot may b.. tnv.slc.r tBcrcu[o.r.<br />
tb) .lr or aoy of lb. Pow.r<br />
rnd |b!y by nolincalioo q<strong>il</strong>hdraw rnv Po'cts<br />
so conLr'd'<br />
rrr A D.,5otr or wbom po*cr3 .t. confcrr.d !td'r $brec-tior (l) rball<br />
.t.';,s; thosc povct. s<strong>il</strong>hin sucb local libits ind 'n su<br />
<strong>il</strong>l'"lii.i,ii -c.f.i"'*t nov dircd. sod .rccpr a' orbLr*i:' d/ecr'dbvrhc<br />
iiiiiiiii"ic;*-.-,' 't"tL forsrr pqrpos.t @d'c!tdd wirh th' 'tcr''sc 'h'rc'<br />
i,<strong>il</strong>liii<strong>il</strong>Ji s-,d.r Rcvaiu., c;mrni5,ror'r' corr'ctor, o! A'1'sront cor'<br />
hctor, as thc cas. uIrY D..
(l) Il.ny ot tb. poeeu of r Collcclor und.r scctioo 50, !..liotr 51, xee<br />
rion 52or s.ctio.54 s.. colf.rc<strong>il</strong> o, a! A$hslall Coll.cbr. lhc aball, url6t<br />
tnc Bdrd ofR.vcnuc by sp.cial oid.r oth.rshc direts, bc.t.rck.d by tia<br />
slbj.cr ro 'h. colrrcl orthc Collr@ror.<br />
tE, PoiF ol Bo.rn ol R.rd.lo E.t. nl6,-(l) Thc Bo.rdof R.v.!u.<br />
n.yinadditionro rhc othGr Dl.r vfici nry bc ba<strong>il</strong>. by it hd.r rtir Acr,<br />
o.k. rul.i.o8icnt i,iri rbis Act ard uyotb.rcn.cthot for thc linc beirg ix<br />
G) dctddiring !or'ith!r4idihg r0yrhirs,o !ny r.cord.of-risht, rh. nur<br />
b.r&d rDolhr otrb. <strong>il</strong>sr.loctrri !od rhe ri@. by .nd .r shicb icol<br />
is to b. raid i<br />
(b) tor thc tuidrtrc. of R.vciuc O||k{r io d.lt.d<strong>il</strong>ing<br />
purpoFsof thi!Act. tb. aoounroltb. hnd rcv.olcof .ny<br />
(c) prcsibi.s fo!all oraly ofrhc r.rtiro.i.s to ehich thir Acr Grt.n&,<br />
lhcp..iodr ddiog wbich, in proc..dioSr bdd utrd* fiir Acr, r<br />
ReEnuc Olfrc.ror R€venu. Courr it nor. cr.cDt for rcasone ot!fl.i<br />
lo b. r.cord.d, ro i*u. bt proc.s( of ..i.!l aCainn r Lnd-osd.r<br />
vho cullivar.s ni! own lrnd :<br />
(d) r.Fhti.8 lb. proedur. i. €s. wb.r. p.Bors a.. .nt'rl.d lo idsp.cr<br />
r.@rd3 ofR.v.!u. O6dr or R.v..u. conrt. or lo obEir coDi.soI<br />
lh. sro. ald p..s.ribi!s rh. f..r prrlblc tor rc.rchd rrd copii:3 ;<br />
(c) prA(ibing foros lor sDch booh..!rri.5, qrkrics accourlr s\ t!.<br />
Boatd of R.t.!uc thior3 Earsry ro b. tcpr, Erdc or @6p<strong>il</strong>cd rt<br />
R.vcouc ofric. or R.v..u! courG or ,!bdir;d ro aoy lurho,lty i<br />
(fl d.cl!ri.8 *h3r sh<strong>il</strong>l b! rh. t.ngugo ot atry of rhorc otfres add<br />
cb"urr!, 3!d d.t{EiaiDS io eb{r ds pqsoor prrcrisios i. rh@<br />
o$4r-roo cou s shrlt b. p.rEi(.d ro addcs,lhc pr.sidiosoftjeF<br />
rh.r.of i. EDrlisb : rod<br />
G) Ecn.r.lly for lha Srida&c ot R.r.ou. Oficcf3 and oth.r pcBo.t ir<br />
fatl.rs co!trcct.d vnh lh..rtorc.ErDl oftLi. Alr,<br />
(2, Unt<strong>il</strong> rdlca ..c radc und.r ct.usc {<strong>il</strong> of rub*ctioo t. rclr shrlt b.<br />
Dayabl. by lbc insr.ld.or3 atrd.r rbc rio. 6y srd at rbicb it ii iow payablc,<br />
. (l) Ruk! nedc by rlesoard ot Rrv.dlc und.r rbis or.oy or!.r s.ctior oI<br />
rhn Afr, sh.rl b. nrd. subj.cr ro rb. conrrotof(h. prcritrciaicovcri@.'.<br />
7r. Rll€to L rrd. .t.. rcrlE Dubuotior-lh. Dowcr! ro d.l.<br />
rni r!1.! !bd.r rhit Act, n $ bFir ro rh._coddirion ofrb..- , b.i!, dr&<br />
80. Ponq ci.r.is.ble bt Bo.rd ol n6.uu. or lt. CoDlirdorr llod<br />
rrni b,nD.- Arr po*ca .oDfrr.d by lhh A.r on rhe Board ot tcv.du.<br />
or rnc codots\Dn.r oay bc er.r.n.d koE Uoo ro lioc .. occasion r.qun.,<br />
203
Et.<br />
ftitLt!<br />
Noll<strong>il</strong>t ol ce.tri.! h R!c!rd."ot-ll![t! -Ao .rtry io an]' rtcord'<br />
ploviditr8 r-<br />
(r) thrt r l$dlord nty Prcaclt I t.qrt fiom m.titrs' ot .'i"t<br />
' Dltint, tuch improv.Dcnb on iit Grrocv ir n' rt 'nlrrrco Io n'x'<br />
urdcr thi! Acl, or<br />
(b) ftu a !c at.<strong>il</strong>ctcd frod hk &oacv thall roi bc .rlitlcd to con-<br />
' ' ocourion for-idtrovco.nG of or for ditturbarcc ir 'trv c!!' in<br />
fui"t' ri woura itndcr tlb Act bc .utitlcd lo coDPrnlltio! tblrc-<br />
bim for<br />
(c) thit r liodlord ory cjcct s t.or.! o$crskc tbrn in lccordanc. w<strong>il</strong>[<br />
' $c orovi3ioDs oft!i3 Acl.<br />
full b. void lo thrt ci.rt.<br />
ra Ndlitt ol c.ir.ii 4r.rocelt c.!rl.rt to tt A.t.-(l) Notling ir ttrv<br />
gccocot maic b.ttcco I Lrdlord 3Dd r.aart aflcr lhc p||srot oI<br />
tull:-<br />
^ct<br />
(r) lal..vtv or li6<strong>il</strong> thc r<strong>il</strong>ht ofa lcDart a! dctcrmio'dby thisAct to<br />
' ' Dal. io;rov.o.rt. rldclaim coop.nsrtion thcrcfot' or tbcrc coDF<br />
plts.tioi for dirlrrbrlcc c€ob. claidcd uDdcr rhis Acl' to clarE 8uc!<br />
.oDP.fsruoo, or<br />
(b) coritlc s lardlord lo cjccl a<br />
thc provi3ionr of tbis Act.<br />
t.naot othcrwisc th3n in accor
8a. tor6 ol iL Pr.tl*i.l Golm ro D.t nld.-41. Pr.vi!.i.I<br />
Govcr@dr tuy, l,y oot6clrio! i. .n. ofiicir! G!zcn.. b.*. rot.s. (For<br />
N.-W F,P. T.na..y R!|.t. t95O.... @t , A+Uz i,/.dr. aor 16. Durbor. ot<br />
orryin! out all or ri, or rb. prct<strong>il</strong>io!;oiri€rio!! a. r4-A ;;d 5 or rhjs A(r.<br />
a5. R.ral,ra ..rtta. -T!. rollorin! Aok.;. blreby r.pear.d-<br />
(') Tt. Punj.b T.n.ncy Ac', 1337, ,e rpptidbtc b rb. Nonb.w.r Fro.ri.t<br />
by rb. Nodh-w.3r F ob'i.r ProviDc. rrw rtrd Jusric. R.suisrion, t9ol.<br />
(b) Hur. T.o.!.y R€a!|.(ion, 133?,<br />
(c) H.a. T.lonsy (Ao.ndEcrl) R.srl.rio., 19,t0.<br />
(d) ft. Prnjrb Td.ncy (North-lv.tl Fm i.r Prov<strong>il</strong>c. An.ndE...)<br />
(.) rh. Punjab a.nancy (No h-w.tr Fro!ti.. Provinc. ar.ndo..t)<br />
(l) Tb. Punjib t.n&cy (Nortd-w.rt Fronrj.. P.ovi.c. A6.!do.'r)<br />
G) Th. PuFb T.!.!c, (Nor[-w..| Fo<strong>il</strong>ri.r Provi.c. AE.rdb.!r)<br />
(.J .ny Dolicc, foro, ord.r, rulc, rclNllltio! or dr.crio. pr.rrib.d,<br />
n.d., i\ru.d, or gi!.n und.r r6y cnacr6..r r.D..l.d by (bn.49r<br />
rb.llotrrinu. in forc .r if ir t.d bR. p'.rqib.d, 8,d., te.u!d,<br />
or riv.o ubdcr rhitAcr,.udb.t b...p..l.d, rcvor..d, rrncd ot<br />
a6.ud.d r$rdidaly i<br />
(b) rny dcuft.. rct rrirs .o rny Act or .n.c.E.nr rcp..l(d 6y thn<br />
' Acr 'h:ll IE @Irucd .r rclcriDl to rf,is Acr or ro rh. cor.spo.d_<br />
i.a.trero.lr or rbj3 A.r :.Dd<br />
(.) .nyo6er or p.Bon.pDoitrkd ro.cL or .Eptoycd u.d.r d P<br />
vfr!. of ry .n.root r.p4l.d by ihi3 Acr st.rr @lrtouc r.d o:<br />
dc.Ecd b Lv. bcc. apporlrrd o. .D!'lorcd uod.r or by vrdu. o'<br />
Ef.ct of R.Padt ol Phldb Taanc, a"<br />
,.ovid.dfu'tb.'lb.t!n|<strong>il</strong>rh.risht3of!no.cuDAncy<br />
i;;;;;.i'::,'i;;i 4-;;d-;i 4,i of-rhit Acr' arr prcvrriont or rh' Purjab<br />
;";"i;i. iiitt. tr .DDri.d ro thc Norrh-w.{r Fr@ri" P'oeidc' or rhc<br />
L-tl .ii;e.;rr#--i-trl, o ttc orc nav bc' so ror 'r rb'vrcratc ro<br />
ccup.!cy r.!.ocy, !!alt t6<br />
TTiE<br />
N..W.F.P. AENANCY (FI'(AIION OF COMPENSATION TO<br />
THE LANDLORD) RULES, I950.<br />
N.tlt .ti6 No. tt3tl.I.t., a.r.a 26.1 ltR-b.r lgso._ c.z'tr. ?8th<br />
..i--uli. _xoiir' tclor, rn .!.rcit. of th. pow.6 conr..r.d on hi6 bv s.criotr a4<br />
rr' -wi'r nroatic' Provitrc€ i."..cy Ac!, l9io (A.t XIv of 1950,'<br />
: CovGDor, " Norh-W.3i Prcoli.r PtoviDc., i3 9leac.d to h.k. 9' tollowr6S<br />
r.sfor rh. Durpo* of ofyioa olt lb. provi3ions orcltot. (o) or 3!b tccrroo<br />
ori.crion 4 of lb..!id Acl:-<br />
'
l. Srdl rld. .!d sE.s.!nr.-(l) Th.t. rul.t oiv b. qlkd llr<br />
Norb.W.i Frodli.r Provinc. T.Mrqv {P'rlllotr ot CoEp.!51ltoo to th<br />
(2) tlc !b!ll ao. ialo to... .t o@.<br />
2. I'.!.ttl.n-h (hii Ac, u<strong>il</strong>ctr lh.r. i! .dtlhids rcFrsn.dt i.lft<br />
(d) "Ad" aau thc Nodh-Wltl F.o!li.i lrovin.c Tcn.n.t ad, lrio,<br />
(xxvoll9rO).<br />
(D) "Colt4ror" n..r! pdson lptoitrl.d I colllclor bv lhc Provit.irl<br />
l. Pltrdd of C.tr..1.rid D.t<strong>il</strong>h bt l.!..t .o hb lr.al'ri -1. th.<br />
Elc ol.. ocoDrncy pdv'nr a{,b r.nt io hndlogL ko tiE{ tL.<br />
rboutrr ol3u.h EDt .rcluriv! '.nl!!t 6f l:trd rcv.i'. $4ll '[it b! th. !dounr or codP.t'<br />
xriol pryrbk by lhr oc.up'ncy r.nant to hi! Irndlord to. rh. putpo!. or<br />
cttu* {r)otrrba.cron {lr ot
5. Nroc of tha occspancy trostt.<br />
?. Condiiio8! of th. tcoarcy.<br />
8. Aaar.<br />
9. Crllunbl., or !ot.<br />
I0. If culturrbb, qullity ofthc l6!d,<br />
ll. Ctrlr.t in thc osrcnhip ?ith rplcirl rcfcr.ec to oui.tion or ordcr<br />
or prcscribd ruthor<strong>il</strong>y by rlich thc c[|!fc toot plr6.<br />
12, Aoou oftb..qurl itrrLl0!.Dlr frcd.<br />
I 3. Drtc of p.yocot of tb. i trlocot by tbc occrprrct tomltt.<br />
14. Sigotturo ot lbc Rca.!u. Of[ccr.<br />
15. Datc ofFymcnt of tb6 rdount to l.ndlord.<br />
16. S<strong>il</strong>orturc of $c ncvGnu. O6ccr.<br />
9, Ttc proctduro folloscd io r.rpcct of pryEcnt oflhc compo$alior<br />
roo.y by rh. ocmFmy tcDaDr r<strong>il</strong>l b. rt follosr :-<br />
(r) Ttc V<strong>il</strong>lrt! Ofncrr r<strong>il</strong>l coll.d rhc rEount of cooplD{tioD rlo!8r<strong>il</strong>h<br />
tbc lrod rcv.ouc. ctc, lnd dcaorit lhc !|Dc iolo thc Covctulrcrr<br />
Tr.$ury uodcr hcrp',Fir.d Rcv.ruc D.poritr". T[c v<strong>il</strong>hgc Officct<br />
ir bound to ir!u. a rcccigt for rb. rooutt i! qu.rrion to ihc oocoprncy<br />
(b) Thc .mo'rot s/<strong>il</strong>l bc d.poritcd on thc tcgul.r chrllaD Ford (to b. providcd<br />
by for rhc Tlhr<strong>il</strong> Accouotert) r dupliol. copy offlbich r<strong>il</strong>l bc<br />
Drrcd oi ihc Trhr<strong>il</strong> Authoritid by lh. Ttcrtury or Sub-Trcrrury<br />
Omcc. for n*ior thc o.c.i rry crlrii' io th. R.!itt.r D.llioncd io<br />
scclio! l.<br />
G) Th. v<strong>il</strong>rec Ofrccr s<strong>il</strong>l not bc cati<strong>il</strong>cd to r.ccivc .D Punhln o thi.<br />
13. Tho ptoc.durc aith rcSFrd to lh. piyDcDt of th. compcntltion ooncv<br />
to rbc hrdlord s<strong>il</strong>l bc ar follotrs:-<br />
(.1 Ar tooo $ r[ ioltdEcot ii crc.l<strong>il</strong> uodcr th. hed "Fircd Rcv.!u. Dc-<br />
Dorit", !trd .Dki.s ntd. io lh. Rctittcr prctcib.d in !.ctioo 8, tbc<br />
i.rvcruc Offc.r v<strong>il</strong>l i!5uc . vrittco troticc to thc laadlord lo comc aod<br />
dnr tlc amouDt i! qucrlior on a Rcfosd Vouc!.!.<br />
(b) Aoy crtry to thit .tr ct s<strong>il</strong>l bc r0rdc io t!. Rcgitllr.
THE NOBTH.WISI FRONIIEI PN,OVINCE PT,OIECTTON AND<br />
RESTORATION OI TANANCI RICSTS ACT. I95I<br />
(N..W.F.P. ACT VIII OF r95l)<br />
Ar A.l to trot cl rl ao 6toi.<br />
h.. i. r.t ct ot<br />
' l18th Makh, IgtI)<br />
lh. ridt .{ arldr a...rL oI<br />
Nomcrfoe No. r37$L.D., arbd 12|l M.]cl l95l (C'az.$c, I2rh March<br />
I95l). Thc Act of lh. Norlh-Wcn Fronli.r ProviDcr kaistrriv. Ass.nbly,<br />
wa3 !55crtcd to by lhc Cov.mor. Nortb-Wclt Fro r.r Provi.cc, on th. 8rh<br />
Mrrc[. 195t.<br />
Pf.rnrr., WHEREAS <strong>il</strong> i, .rp.di.rt to protccr.nd a rcrlor. tb. rithl,<br />
otccrhiD t.lrnu ofhnd i! r.rpcct ofth.ir tc0alcicr;<br />
It i3 L.rcby.D.ctcd ir follorr rl.<br />
Alorl llle,.!l.rl..d cor!.!c.!.|t.-(I) Tbis Act 6ry b. call.d $.<br />
Norlh-Wcst Frootff ProviNc Prot..rio! .o<strong>il</strong> Rc.ror{ioo of T.o..c} Ri8trrt<br />
Acr, 1951.<br />
(i<strong>il</strong> lt .!6U @6ci!to lorcc io 3ucb dca3 rnd.t r!.h tiE. .i Dav b.<br />
troriicd by inc Provinci.l Gov.rlElot i! thc o6cj.l Grzctl., !trd .hall r.;.ir<br />
i! foro€ for a D.riod of : ycar. fron tl. datc of itt .Dforc.bcrr ir aoy !r.! :<br />
Providld- $rt ttc Provircirl Gov.mrn.lr Dry, by aol;6crlio!, ert.ld<br />
$ir pcriod fo! .U or lly ofru.b.r!.r fo.a futlci p.iod Dot.xc..jjrg liro<br />
Providld funbcr $rr norhiog i! tbi! Acr rbrl rpptt ro r[. r!s. of !<br />
lc rr or cvacu.. prop.ny, or I lmalt loldiDa lly Isrd lDdcr rDc Provjlcidl<br />
or rh. C.olrrl GovcroE.trt, or ud.rsDy Diirrici Bdrrd. MuniqD!tCoEbiu?c,<br />
or Noti[rd Ak. ConDiucc, or !!I orhcr surboritt rs Eri b. lotifld bt<br />
th. Ptoyiocirl Corcmti.rr i! ttir bchalt
6crctor., r.l.i!cd tbc lr.viou r.bcdy itr c&.! of lbis ti.d, odo.lyi rhrl of<br />
bri.gi!8 . ruit for.j.ctn.rt uldcr 3.crioD ?? of rh. T.!!ncy Act, i, shich<br />
irtuc would btvc to bc fdE.d od rh. c!t. d4i
Provided that rh. (.mot to eholr 1[. l.Dancy]a! b.e! r.stor.d shu bt<br />
li6bl. to p.y rocb @Dp. alio! tothe p.rton.vicrcd for rhc tltlding ctop, ia<br />
.oy, and for pt.pat<strong>il</strong>t tlc lrnd for soiiDS, if it ha3 b.ctr 30 PrcPar.d, as<br />
osy bc dct.roincd by !b. R.!rbu! O8ic?r o! rh. lalr.ar rpPlication rq<br />
th<strong>il</strong> b.bdr:<br />
Plovid.d futtbcr tbrl <strong>il</strong> thc cobt.rrlt ion itt;t p.id withi.lbrcc borlhs<br />
ottb. dllc ofthc ordcr oad. bv t[. Rlv.ou. Otri@r in tbit bchlf th. rcuor<br />
to:phon thi tconcr *rr rlitorcd .b.ll t. .i*tcd lh.rcfo!@ rE.l rh.l.rd<br />
rl<strong>il</strong>l bc rcatorcd to lh; pcBon sto wa! cvict.d uliCcr thc ordcrt of ti. R.vcluc<br />
Onc.r.<br />
5. rADDc.l. r.rLlo! .d rrvi.t.-A! otdcr p$ccd bv a R.v.ru! ofricct<br />
ofanv .iL undcr rbir Act sball for lhc Durpot.s of apPcll' rcvisiotr 8nd<br />
r.vic;--bc trc.l.d !t a. otdcr ola R.v.nsc O6c.r ofthc rrbc tradc u!d.r<br />
lh. Nonh-W.6t Frdrticr Provioc. Tcn.fty Acr, r950, ald. ib<strong>il</strong>l b! subj.cl lo<br />
thc proviriors of lh. hltcr Act vitb r.spcct loaPpcal, r<br />
6. B.iol CGit j!.hdlcliot.- (l) Nosirb!t!!ding tltlhitrg (orraiD-'d iD<br />
|[y ollcr Llw for l}. lio. bcDg in forc€. no Court snrH nav' aDv iutr'orcrro!<br />
ir'rny rrrrcr s[ict r RecDuc O-frc.r is.D9o*Gt.d bv lhit Acl to ditPot' ot<br />
t2l No Courlshlu lllcicosrizlo.c of$c st4'r i! "hicb asv Re!'ou'<br />
onciicrcrcii.t uy:Po*cr vart.d i! bin rodcr r!|l acr'<br />
?- lole.. (l) Tb;'Proviicial Gov.hDcoi Dav !)at' Rul'!- @!!kr'!t<br />
qirh $i; jG, )oi q,rtrliir rlc proccaurc ofRct"uc ofrcc'r lod'rrhi! Acl<br />
ir cisc<strong>il</strong>a itriit a proicau'.-ig Doi ptcscribcd bv tti' Act'<br />
t2r Tbc rul.s oty provid., anont olt.r nrttc!3, fot lb' modc of.'n'<br />
r"roi7 o'i<strong>il</strong> "t acti"iri ot poric$ion-of lr .sDd rulc!- p'ovidi!8 lor th's'<br />
ndtcir may coofcr ot i Rd.truc OEer rll or alv ol tlc powcB It Rs8ru<br />
t -ra.irr rcaittrnE rld lh. lit. tbicb ! Civ<strong>il</strong> Coun Erv cr'rcrs'<br />
ii fi" -i*[i,i]""<br />
& d€dcc *h.rcbv it ha' adruds.d deliv'rv orpos:d3ioD<br />
"t<br />
of l.nd.<br />
(3) Tb6 rulcr nry alto proridc for rhc -midc of Grccuti!! ordtr8 lo<br />
.o.ti-''ui ory roEpi i. procicdin8t uodcr rbft Act all or lDv of th' prorisrolt 't<br />
;;ft i;"-i"t6"d h.".i"c Act, riE?. a' !!pti6br. ro rh' Nor|l'wcst Fto''<br />
ticr Pror<strong>il</strong>cc. tiD rcrp.ct to.rbrrr!$ot'<br />
(4) Subj..l to rhc mlca uldcr th-i rc.tio!' ; Rdc! c ofic" nrv tc,ftr<br />
"rv iiio itiit [c it copor.rcd to di6?o.. of uod.r <strong>il</strong>it Act !o inoth..<br />
ii'".iJi ori..' for iEv;3liFrior add icPon,.!d Drv d'cid' tl' cxt' !po'<br />
?10
APPENDIX -4<br />
MARTIAL LAW REGULATIONS<br />
bt<br />
CHIEF MARTIAL LA}Y ADMINISTRATOR, PAKISTAN<br />
No 54<br />
WEST PAKISTAN LAND REFORMS REOULATION<br />
lCor. npt! of Pakktad Notlfi.attdt No. I8tl59, daE.l?th Frb att lgtg,<br />
' Gaz.ft. oJ Pakbtdn Exoiotdldary, ttd thnrt' l95a)<br />
' PART I-PRET|I|TNTY<br />
L Short tule,.xtht anl coD4r.,..,n.,t.-(l) Thir Rcfuhlion nrt b.<br />
callcd rh. Wst Pakishn Lind Rcto.nrs R.guhrion .<br />
(2) lrcxruds to rll€ Flotr,of N.\l Pnthr.n. ii.h iDg rlt l-.drr!l<br />
(.'nikt, bur {or rh. StlriJl AFr*<br />
lt, lr stull cort irto td^c !t onis. cupl n' tlid u. crrl(J din"rt,6i<br />
r)"rl'.. rnd Knlut Diviiior\, $l,rr.,r $rll cndr: n{i ttr.. d. \nch 'l d. !r<br />
dir$ 1r tlr ComniJrior nry, by nor<strong>il</strong>icllion tu rh. Orlicirii (;n^rr., ippoint.<br />
:od dinerenr.lti.r m.t b..ppoint.d ro' dif.nnt trr.<br />
L D.trnrbar.-Itr lhir Rcgul.li.n, onlxj cr. i( .nythinS r.lugn.nt<br />
in rh. rubi.ct or cont.rt,-<br />
(t) " Conoision " Ec. rhe. wcal krlhtln Ltrod Comnision<br />
coi{irutcd ud., p!r!8tiph4; '<br />
{l) " c.onomic holdin! of si(ry.tour acrc! ol laid<br />
i. rr; F:dcr.lC.Diht lnd -in Kh.irour !trd Hydehb.d I)i\bioni, x 'd r{r<br />
lqurcr or rwo idantl.. or 6fty !ci.5, shhhdcr h mo..,.k.wh.n :<br />
Providcd lhdri. Qucu. lnd K.lar Divirionr, " !i ..nro'nic h.lJing '<br />
lhrll ndn iuch !r.. ollsnd, wirhin $c lforcsaid limks, as |nlt b. sr*c<strong>il</strong>i.d<br />
by tn. Codnksio. ;<br />
(l) " Oovc.nment " o.ani h relstion<br />
&nrql Gov.mm:.r, ,rrd in rclarion to<br />
CovcrnDcnr of wdl P6kktan i<br />
{a) ' jssk " inchdcs-<br />
' (a) .n, grnnt ofhtrd bt wry oflio3i.<br />
(i) rny sBnt of mon.y nidc or conih:lcd bt or on bchrlf of r\c sltr€<br />
clrich t!rpor'I. to bcor is r.c.i!-d our ofhid 'ev..rr.<br />
(.) any !$iEim.nt or rcllas or ltnd(.v.n!:.<br />
, (l) an! csr.r: in Inrd cr.Et.d or rlird.d by or o. Dch.lf of lh.<br />
S'.t sr,iclic.uri* ,rith ir ii,c rrhr ro rG,( orcoll(rltnd rcvriuc or<br />
^<br />
ro rhc Fcd...l CapitlI, th.<br />
rhc r.i of \v.3| Paliela., th.<br />
tr).nr iqiFin:
, 15) . rJxJ .maN l.nd, inctu,t{g ov,coec rrnJ,. whjc[_.is nor oc.u,,.d<br />
roNn. rrlagc,<br />
(a<br />
tucrwr, or industdll csrrbli:hm(hr. nndn<br />
',pN m rE, h{n rr un bc r"r tor <strong>il</strong>riculrurJt prrnorcs o. fo, p,,rp";r<br />
. rlr'l .or 'nh{,\i!Dr ro is'iculr{rr. {,.h:r, fotuni<br />
:,1,1.,".1;li<strong>il</strong>i.jll.ii,,,,," ","',,"Jx .,r..i ,rf .i,.. or r!,,rJ,n!\ .,r.r.,,r,f, {,...:<br />
_ (6) -'cl,Jrd nirJtrr lJxtt und(r truir k(ur, ptJnrcJ ru r J..Afu<br />
n!r.'c,c gn)i. rtrd Inan,r,,in.J t,, Lunri<br />
r?1 .j,\ -l i\luJur rr JrcJpJnr ue d.tioc,l rr.tru.c (t0j<br />
.r "r,..a,,tr )<br />
Ue aombay Land R.v.nnc Cod., 1879 (So,nbar Acr V of-tt?g) :<br />
(8) 'pcrson inclklue. dispheJ p.Eotr is denncd i,r !rru$t2r<br />
if:cdior 2 of rl,r l)i:precc!l Pc'\otrs (I.rnd-S.rrlcmcnU A.r, ,9is (\t.VU ri<br />
(:ental or lrovirrci<strong>il</strong> /|ct :<br />
' l.f.rl .'rrhnrirr o. I l\,dy in.oJ|nrir.J h' r<br />
(9) 'prcerib.d " metrns nrlscribed by ,nl.s rhd. und.r rhd Resutrtiotr:<br />
(10) " prcducc iid.\ unir " nkatrr rla .)ers!r. jn i..hs of stri![<br />
rl'.cornt)rr{livclrodocr<strong>il</strong>iryof.n icr. ot tard of A parricuter knl.t nr.<br />
t,Jrr,curJr _r-..>.mjr'r (ir.l. or 1ir,.r h .ompur.Ll ind Grprcitd tor rtr<br />
pu,16trr.r rhc *h.njc{ r.tsrrng ro rt,c,e\errlcm.ntof d,rDtrccd r(8,,n.<br />
or rr'c .rr,.,rnFnt rirct.s .M Lcr! rvh.,. ,io {,:t,<br />
un,r e\isr!i sr(h nErsor. 13 trriy bc dcr.roined bv rhd conmGsion :<br />
'll)<br />
..j..Frr... |'J.drhg of sirrccr JIL-,,f t., I<br />
ir '1,. l.dL,- l cir'rrl ,",d Kr'rnpur<br />
"r<br />
JnJ ItyJcr!brd Dnir<strong>il</strong>n. r,,J h-x<br />
r 9ur,. o, r.i . or<br />
'..r.','gh<br />
hr.h( r.{t , hrtf r(r$ ot tinJ. *hi\h.r.r<br />
, i''.'.1..J rlor i,' Or.r'r rnJ Krhr DniiioD,a .!ubri,rcncc ,rotJiflA<br />
+..1r mlxn nri' rk^. "irr'i'r r\c .'for.sn tirnitr, is nr,,y rr \Ffc,fie,t hy:...<br />
t. Retal ia n t ttr!. otl'.' l.*. d..-ltr: t,rotr{'vir} or rt,.i<br />
R(gulJrio4. rrl rny rul. .'r or,lc' mxd. rt,.r.un..ler, sh.I hrv. elTc!r ni..<br />
*,rtslrnJ'r's_xntrl.in;'u rl'i -onrary .r rny ortrc. trw, or in Jry J^t!<br />
dr 'n iny conrscr, 'osrnrnrnr, (rcdd or orhcrdd!.rctrl,<br />
PART II- CbisorulroN ArD pow€rs o. L^ND Cor ss,oN<br />
r. t,. .utdn:i ol lnLt (rD'ntuion and itt tor'ar.-\tt t:ot c.tt)-<br />
,19ourrrlcprrpo)6o,rlrn Rct"hrion, a Comnslion, ro b. rJUcd u.<br />
wc{Paknrxn Land Commi'no;1, \h. bc !ont',rurcd. consisr<strong>il</strong>! .f Lr<br />
covcrno(of\\'(( Parnt.n, \sho .r.z'l.x.alJi.i. b. fr ChainnJn-JnJ nor<br />
moE rhin nv. MedDcrs ro b. lptoinlcd by him,<br />
(2) Thc Cordission shcll hav. all d. pow.6 ,.ccasary for tt!<br />
inplcn.ntalioa oa rbis Resularion.<br />
(l) Thc Coddirsioo may noBin . onc of ir3 Mcmb.rs rob. tlr<br />
Chicf Land <strong>Commission</strong>.r Nio, tubiftt ro 5ucb di.erioN rs mv frri,<br />
riD.rotiDcb. siv.tr by rhc Com;$ion, shs bc r.rponnbr.6r<br />
of rhk Rcculari6n<br />
'rr<br />
'mPlcd.nhtion<br />
(4) The con,mi$ion msv<br />
.uLb.rii.t .nd p.6o.r, atrij<br />
(5) wl.r. anr n.rre. js nor<br />
Ji6culty rriscs i[ s'vins ercct<br />
ser uP orgrlizations rnd ippoitrl omc.rt,<br />
confcr Powcrs otr, and .$ign duri.r<br />
providcd for in rhi; Rcgubtion, or y<br />
to (he purpo.es of rhis RcauladoD, rl'.
nry. b/ dgd mt,l.d i. rhc. omciJl cakft, m.[. 5uch<br />
a;oii6ion<br />
L;yiri6r tl'dtot ,5 thinl,6t, , nd slrt u'dcr \hJrlbc J.!'d"l<br />
;torm j.ri 'n,c:Pftt of rl'n Rc8u|Jtio,' 'r itr'l tJ,c clr(r.r(o,dn'!ly.<br />
I {6) whcr. atry dirputc flri$s ii qrryi|g ioto cr€ct rirc provi\ions ol<br />
rh! li;suliLor, sLrh.d$p^urc sl'Jll b. tcfc"cd lr rhc Co 'nr"ian tr(\r<br />
ddhion rhcruntr snlr Dc nn.r'<br />
'<br />
5. D.ksdtio" oJpos.A.-Thc Codm<strong>il</strong>sion nry. by roritcalior in rhc<br />
o6.i.l Cr4ft, dift. rhar th. pov.{ .r.rcisble by ir und.r this Rcsurrriordy.<br />
{'bj.{r ro ruch condirionr. if rny, a\ F''y b. \peificd nr rl'c<br />
iorfaltion!b. .rcrcitcd nl.o bt or ik \lcmh 6 o' ofr!{,! or aurho'irn:<br />
"rr rrbordinalc io n<br />
Providcd thal rhc Cohnissio. 3hrll nbi<br />
'lct<br />
aatc its poN€rs under<br />
.gb.n,rrLdp\ l,) of $rdg'ap\ 7 lo ar olher b.los<br />
'1r ri1* of .<br />
C6dnn({on.r of r Dnnion.<br />
4. Po*er to ntak r!r.s.-Th. Conoission nay *nh 6. pr.lioui<br />
r*rion of Cov.rnm.ni, tuk. rul.r ior crr.yins our rh. pu.porer of<br />
l.NIJrio.. inlluding rul.r on mart.n i.l.ring ro or conn.(rcd sirh 'his rhc<br />
pi(nnhrion. \..'nrF nDJ d(rc,mn*riud of dpp
or'ccoaniad.ri rins 3rud and I'vcrl4k ft.ms to r.L.in luch 'ddnionll<br />
i.-,,,iao *"r' n'inB 6' it c.riiJ{s n*c$.tv for rl,c purPo$ rorld<br />
t."e r, ,u.h.r.r. .r maintnin"d !s trud tnd livtrttrr rdr'ns .. lE<br />
nrovldcd rliir In tl'c cJ* of srJd frtm5 o\trcd or (odron'o. bv<br />
f; T<strong>il</strong>LT<strong>il</strong>i:,1.;<strong>il</strong>l,ft #::"fr'.':,',l:;""1t"I:<strong>il</strong>; i"i<strong>il</strong>T,,fi lff llt<br />
,"",1:'.:i' ;.:'"'j:'i.::*nl! i,j:<strong>il</strong>:.""'J"lii "?';r"l.TliB's<br />
.rrh.rd, for ro lons !t it ir hainiiin.d i5 suoh<br />
i<strong>il</strong> tto-* *a"t otchard h ir cdrpdct blocrt otnolldslnanki<br />
a.rca cach l.nd<br />
- ii ir i* t*n,t'o.. u. o'ea u.der orchsrd in rhe r'!€nueftord'!i<br />
lesi!inc. Rlbi 1956'5?.<br />
ffi**ffi+ift*fr;*lffi<br />
unir5.<br />
.,."ii:l'i;-,,:r'.;i:,lulLT'.:'? n'#'1i11 li. i'"fJ:i.Tl #i:;<br />
thousrnd Pqdue indcr unirt<br />
,*-:*,':r."'i*r:itf * i$:l't-'.Ti#rr".i* <strong>il</strong>iir<strong>il</strong> j'.ti{i<br />
bc;fr' ofthe cxcmPt'on und(r crrA' G' or cBus-r', - '<br />
ro l'r(^._ir) Lond ,ncrud.i ,n any.*drr 91,'bifiTlii. j..\';Ii<br />
lr.i :';T,i :J"f :..}:i<strong>il</strong>[ ;i J:Ji:':;1i*l]T"st i."i' ni", .r *'i'<br />
. ll':l "*n* ;xr *" s'jliLii;,"",i1ii":l':i:1, rj*;1i'"i:i1j"'j,<br />
% ii,n" 0.""' ,, t'* n th' sore bd"ficiarv o' thc aatt' rhe hnn<br />
"nd<br />
'n'",Iff<strong>il</strong>ll lfr;,,.,,'* b nor rr':e sore be.renc{rv sbd th{' 6'(<br />
"n.r<br />
:rr"l#{ur*l<strong>il</strong>:ii'lli T;1.;;"x.#ll':'l' *:'i",'. T'"'i ffi 'Y<strong>il</strong><br />
Hli'li iiri:t :r,*r"rl;ijr,*.,,$f:1i!,:"r,:r5g{:l,i#[*<br />
,,;e.; th. $,1', t.,l h.n'..@rdins to rh' rJs oI rnn<br />
* :5T",i'"'jl.','l ::::":;<strong>il</strong>"1:"'li:,i';"fi;"" "dons,h. bcnc6'<br />
:r:ri,,;'i"i j:t'j;irlr jk<strong>il</strong>l.q:ljlr; ;i li_"i.,1',,^"T::i.'.f "i:i<br />
',ici*ior r.'a "p.nca<br />
on ttc dJv rr'c dJnor d to<br />
."i#<strong>il</strong>+'lll-4i'r iii:'1lt'$llii<strong>il</strong>'H'rff ;'-"':1'rti:"iJ',;
,-^e rl,c Conoision m.y, in l,.u ot fi. bcn.tu, ollow for seb prrpo$<br />
r"t-;;,"n ol rhc l,nd to tE rcr.in.d or.sh coEFnslion ro b. p.,d.<br />
'"'".,i.-;rs <strong>il</strong>,.nd ltlia rh. Iand or. podion .h.rcor, as rbc ca$ hov k<br />
1'::;;d.ne Nnh rh. prov<strong>il</strong>ions or,hie Rcsularion.<br />
" -,r' rvtr.'c ,ndc' nn, "uch w.rf ri aaor.eid. ar, sparhcd lJnd hr'<br />
-.., ;ldicarcd ror a r.lEiou., pi6ur or ch.ritdbl. pu.por' such rond 6rv<br />
1lll i". ro bc ur;t;ca for tt'Jt purpose, lnd 3h.ll be
(2) whcrc a.y such comprnv o. sciclv .3.forceid os or post*'<br />
ll.d;i'ich n"3 noi r.'.r'.d ul' cl sub'plros'rDh (l)..roch latd ror<br />
'rr<strong>il</strong>r'<br />
i-tlii"li,iLi.iiri;" n"s,,',Lion bc dccdcd b b' ovncd or po3*N'r bt<br />
iii uii"i'"<br />
'or<br />
- -r.t: n", $plrltslv .nd nnrividrrrrt bt rt3 sharchorJ"''<br />
;<strong>il</strong>;;;;;;ii;.h ah"^::-ld"r i; rhc t,;,r hlnrs in tr* *mc Propod'on ir<br />
iiii'iiii -,i-;jti" ir t'i. bc.'s ro roft'r pard up cupir'r or rhc<br />
'hlrcs<br />
'rc<br />
irt wt.."ov o"*oo ro.bom l.nd rcv'rc undcr rub-oarqhph (l)'<br />
".* *l;;; i;i.-.4 i;ddqmi..d undr sJb-nrr.s.aph . (2), do.i nor<br />
ovo or Dolsc$ rnv orh..lrnJ' it'c l!nd $<br />
;; :ii"ii=i-ri.:ia uc ririur ro rrrcortw pro'iion5 or rhir Rcau|'rion<br />
"iriii *.- "i.ca "' oos*sd uv rhar FMn iBmal[tclv b'ror' th'<br />
ii'ii'i'"oJ'*i Jr ,ri. h"eurlion';nd wh.raanv 3$ch t'Bon ni<br />
-"-'iJi<br />
ii-iiind *y 'rorcrlid<br />
-t';, I'nd, !r,c rlnd -'o.rcv'd'r<br />
or thc ah'r' b<br />
iiiii.i"<strong>il</strong> rr'"rr bG "?o"a ro rh.r orhd hnd for rhc Purpo* o' lpplv'os thc<br />
olh.r povisioB.f thtu R.8ul!tion.<br />
(i) lf.. ! rctuh of lhc.pplietion of thc prcvi'io of thir X'8uL'<br />
lion;nvDodionofth.|andtawIlichlhitPrr.gdph.pp<br />
ncnt "na'such po'uon r nor sp.cinc<strong>il</strong>l, d.mtEdtcd.lE<br />
nai natc uctr oracr in rcrp;t ot tu i.oardtion lnd P'rtition 's n Mv<br />
tt. Shdt l" Shahlat.-lr) A p.rstr ownir! or tGcrmg-r .harc ih<br />
.Sr.'/a, shlll nor b. cnrnkd ro owr or poss3 anv sucn<br />
aooti*rioo or rba provlion3 of p.n;snpit 8.9, l0.nd lI' h'-i! 'ntnkd<br />
rd;.tritr outridc th. rreurd, .td.ra ol 6v. hundt{l acd ot trn8lr.d<br />
llnd or .. .@ couiv<strong>il</strong>.nt to tbnrrsix rhou{nd prd@ Do* unc<br />
whic!.vcr h mor., ir idd<strong>il</strong>ion lo rh...e or anv or
hnsf.rad o..licn.rcd 6r dEm<br />
t95t. .ar *ldr.d fo. .cr.nrion<br />
Cbihision n., Equir..<br />
on o. .t@r rlrc eighrn day of O.robcr<br />
rry thcn. and slch orhc. i.form{ion ar rhc<br />
t6 - R.wtptlon anl ptina u, cnvnnt.nt of.,..,r t,,..r (t,LrnJ In<br />
h. r{tm..l ry aovc.nmcnr ncc a'n.n rnr.ncumbrrn( or ct,rrs.<br />
Or ryrNumS'rns or LnJ'a. $ir.ch .ri{rcit on.ry tr,kj r.{nnr,J utr,llT<br />
t[rgrlonr<br />
u uno r! ro rh..{r.nr nkcarrry.<br />
ompcnrdrion t 0yrbtc ,,ktrr<br />
t1 s.rh aid ra,h.d.l.ontpa^dti t._tr) ttrJJJirion ra.,try c.,r.<br />
p.netrun wnEn ,nry oc pryaDrc undcr p.,6ar.nh r3. comDsnsrion for<br />
tr^l r.su'n d undd prrsgraph t6, rhrlt bc paid aeording ro rh. fo o$inU<br />
irl.. rhll ts ro qy .<br />
lnir li, for th. 6rit r3.0oo p.oJ,c inJ.r trnirr, 3t rl,. '!'. nt R3.<br />
(r) ror n'c ncrr 2r.0m rrudu.c itrd.l !nir\, .r rhc ,.r. ot Rs. 4<br />
, r<br />
(.) aor .h. n.x( 16,000 pn\rucc inllr nni,., rr r|[ rut. of Rs I<br />
{.4nro. th. iert ?2,000 pro..ttr.c indcx urirr, th. rirc of lr. : rtr<br />
(") for rlr. lr.t!nc.,:r rb. r . of rac, I prr p.odlc.,indcr xnii,<br />
. (2) Comp.ns on p.y:bre unJc. rhj3 pirag,rph s|,Jlt b< nriJ rh,oorh<br />
ff11,,"*T"plfin;1,"[""' b.,rln,f.rabic bi{ .h,rr nor d. ".s;ii;i;<br />
(l) Ajl bo.ij! !h.tt bcrr ranbl. ,nnpt. i{..r.,r sr nF<br />
Fr!:nr p.rannd'n p:r.bt. rnnoa y i. rhc Drcc,ib;C n,!nn.r<br />
,- 1A , p.nMN' insh atinE a,rt ,tr.h...t.-\t) p..man.nr<br />
t.nd<br />
rrnalt..<br />
re"umLd rndrr pa.rgr.ph I6 rhr[ nur tE<br />
tijh.d. bu. \hnn vJir iiC;v*".."r<br />
"ro"g<br />
-",,ii<br />
"",9."?<strong>il</strong>f<strong>il</strong>ii*" Si"$:,T.,l,,J,"i::?,..?,,",j:f ",li;l,,jiiii":,,,11<br />
-<br />
r a3 p.ovidcd in psriAraph t?.<br />
PART V.-S^LE ^ND Urrlrz^rbN oF R6uvGo L^ND<br />
ggg*S#.*f**$*lr*r'ri.:* [,n;ri<br />
pric' plvnbrc s,"1?,:'l5:'jlTit trnda sub-po'.!'Nr,' S*i":d!n (,,<br />
'|h'<br />
fftrJ;;,;;tfir.;p;trfi :ffi g$i*diri,, jffi *
PAll-f Vl.-Anor.rnoN or C'Rr^rN INreREsrs<br />
21. Jag,/t-lt) All rrsl^, ol $l,rt(\.r rinJ ond by wltJr.v
,,, A drnt holdrns.sith tn .ro arc.r" rhrn rhtt ol tnNonodi'<br />
.1'l i."';-;;i 6; ;;r ioi.d in suci , sav .! ro r.iv. no indiiirurr<br />
l*ff i"irl'*;"Hi:"i;l<strong>il</strong>l"'l:,:'<strong>il</strong>'is::'T: ?,id'lti",<strong>il</strong>i1,x',Ti# 3i'::;<br />
oul, iii i^l"r owEr b.bt |h..'.. oa $ubrisr.n.. holdnrg<br />
""' li ;,;;*- or r.nr in .onr'av.n,inn or ,h. n..r,*'n' or I h's F! 'si'nh<br />
."'tr'f "'ii..*^.,, .ftdpzdibl. Jot.! 'al'"i3r'-lr ) A pinr hordine thr<br />
r:'li:x":<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>l.Ui''mrmisibi. lndcr P'd8rhrh 2! shatr continu'<br />
'" iii r" ,r'" ""*t"r .alspurc r.arrdins th' 'i'n!s'n'n' or !n) s*h<br />
]..r holding a3 arorcsap -<br />
"-":i.'y;tll't,,r";.r"[:j .T',,:1, "i:Tii']"'1i."1 .l;l;*;::'i',,'i*<br />
Li,- rt'.y *itt .cerv. thci. Bh!r'! or th' 'ncon' i or<br />
r' -ii,' irit" c"'r'a.. (lnnot !o 6.r.cti *s'"i"'::ii<strong>il</strong>",'JX'":'iTli:<br />
.,r ri{ D.strict in shich" cuch,bold'nl r th'ar'<br />
i..rt,r,*" to oroasc ar ototcsto<br />
'' ,",.;<br />
'r'" obidon of lh. Comnn.iod, no ri'rnr'm'nr tor ioid<br />
-...11;.;i ;t;. th. co{lr'.6 ir pd!!ibk tr'' con' nns'on ndv<br />
l'li<strong>il</strong>ii,'i "li:.; r,.ia,;e on prym.nr or such .rmp€ns ion r\ m'v brdek'nn;r't<br />
in rl'. Pr.icned nrnn'r<br />
t \pt,ndn'n.-tt I ('shd(r f ,-'"" "-' :";l,i,i.i.l":','ii,l:'i3lll<br />
l,Njr,'<strong>il</strong>iin 3h!ll h. Lrctrcrl .\ l<br />
l,,i,ll," ll:t""'r*'ullr*lyi,,r/.i"J':iij, -1<br />
1,i1"31''!-'*i1"f, '"*1::<br />
:'i<strong>il</strong>t;l;.;:<strong>il</strong>"*, i<strong>il</strong>tiim","l "l"l*' J["'lii. lH]ll'"i ]f :ll"Jx'I<br />
P;dvid.d thit s!.h r pc6on nr.v <strong>il</strong>icnatc his holdnrg'<br />
'nli'c<br />
,2) No p.hJn ownnrg an ccJr'n e holJ re lhxrr h' nllo$''i r'' rl: r 'r'<br />
' i'.."a.,rir'", o*.on Nrv rli.mrc hi3 lroldnrs_<br />
'"o, " 'ntiie<br />
"" ..iii. ,1;;,,i;;.: gii; ;, irrr,*^e portion or hir hordidr :<br />
".v<br />
r.!r \'' n
, (D)_ u$d rh.lrnd in n mrnn.rvh,ch rnd.n n unft tor tfi. purpoE f4<br />
{.) f:<strong>il</strong>ed 6 culrivrlc rhc t.nd withour srmcjenr @ur.: or<br />
(zO sublct bj! tcnrnc' ; o.<br />
(d) faircd ro culiv.r. rhc tDd, Nhu,c ,.nr ii pryabl! h lnd rtr<br />
ary ro rhc locrtirv:<br />
<strong>il</strong>J-io rh. mE.,inc, {bj4r rorh. pro!nionr urrh* n.sutDr,.n.,r,r Ln,l.<br />
rhc "shrr rnd Ji*hr.g.,h?<br />
kplMnq.-l^-thi. parlsr.ph. o rc.anr ocanr I p.Bon rho(ltrb<br />
tsrctr hr3 rcnJnrt in Khirir t913.r Rrbi r9J3-59. shich*., r ,ur.,.<br />
21. Brt oIJu.n,X. on. I I \J flornion or rhn Rclutirinn o. ol Jnv<br />
rhcrcundo thallbc colted rn cuon'otr ir rnv Cudr<br />
in(lutlingthc Higl Cou lrd r\c SuDr.m. Courr. o; b.foi. 'rv rurhar;<br />
ortrr rh4 rn idhorr/ rppuinrd undi.r rLjr R.ert.rion, and no such Cou;<br />
q luhonry $xrl ftrr. jurts
4. A r'.'son 9onvictcd oodcl p|rug'aphr 2 and 3 ol 'hs Rcsuhlion<br />
rtrtl D. scnlcncc! lo nnc $hr(h nriy .rl.nd to liv( lhousind ruP.cs,nd<br />
it'rrtrt'o bo tioutc to i.p.i'nnmcnt ot cirhr dcscrinrirn $l,i(h n{r crruid<br />
ro oi. vqr'<br />
5. rn convrctrnt a Pcrsn lor xny or rhc orrcrcca .numcrJrcd In l|JrJ-<br />
dD! No. l, lh. Court may ordft rh.t a lunr nor .rcccJrng hJlf rhc li'rc<br />
;!iit d shlll bc 8iv€n ro rl'. inlo.hnot 3s . r.*s.d.<br />
No. 56<br />
(Ai,.ntD'.at of Rct ation No.6tl<br />
Mtnial ir$r Regtrhlion No.6l,as rcaonstirutcd; bc amordcd !!<br />
'lt.ll<br />
tn lh. said Rcgulation-<br />
(2) 16r prrasnph I thc followins rhall bc substirutcd, ram.ly r-<br />
"Wi i cfccl on.nd frod th. Irt day of Mlrch 1959, noese relalinS to<br />
|n of.rco !nd.r any of th. Mar .l Law RGgUrrioE dlsll be t.icd by any<br />
Cort olh.r than a I'l<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>ary Courl, Spe<strong>il</strong>lor Strmmarr:<br />
Pmridcd rhs! ca*s shich arc pcnding !n Colrl3othcr thatr Nl<strong>il</strong>i|ary<br />
Corrr 3hrll@rrinuc lo b. d.ah wirh in a@odane N<strong>il</strong>h rh. prorition3<br />
of Mlnial L-rs R.gslalion No. 61, :3 it slood irln di.tely b€for. this<br />
Rcruhtion";<br />
(2) h p.<strong>il</strong>si.ph 2, in sub"pansrepb (l), .ft.r tlc words "spc.hl<br />
<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>ary Court" thc wordr 'tor ! Slmmary M<strong>il</strong>ir3rjr Courl shall bc<br />
(J) parasBplt. I and 4 sn b. omiitd i<br />
(4h p.6snph 5. sft.r rub.p! sr.pt'(z) rh. tollowins n.w sub-<br />
Fngnph (3) shollbr add.d. 'iam.ly:-<br />
(J) &ntcoc.s inposed by a Su'nmrry M<strong>il</strong>nrry Cour( tryinE a e$ nt<br />
ertDarcc ofparaSrath I sh.ll not r.quirc conbrdadoo lod msy be crrricd<br />
t l fdrthwith bul th. pro€d|n$of cv.ry such casc chall i'irbour delry bc<br />
rorurd.d to lhe luthority corwrint thc Court to bc counl.Bigncd by thtt<br />
ltlhor<strong>il</strong>y or by any offictr, holdinS an apDoinlm.nt no! below lhat ofr<br />
sriSad. CommaDd.r or its cquivalcnr i. rllc Navr or An Foe, aurhoris.d ir<br />
lh b.h.lt bv strch anthornv ":<br />
- (5) in prncnph 6 io si'b-p.r0rrph (lr, afre! lhc words "sp€.ial M<strong>il</strong>itary<br />
Lo|lrl" $! *ords t,or a SUDDlrv M<strong>il</strong>itrN Courr" rball tr iB.rred : .nd<br />
.(6) h p.ragr.ph ?, b sulpatagriph (l) rftcr thc $ord "srisadi.c<br />
rr hc.!d. thc words rro. ia couival.nr i. lhc N.vv or Air Forc." sh.ll bc<br />
dd.d.<br />
221
A}PENDIX-5<br />
kgddL! No. ll5<br />
ILAND RrroR$ REGULATToN' 1972]<br />
lolzlttc ol Prli6u[, E$rordinory, 1 I tb March l9?tl<br />
W!.r.$ Llam .olnrr .qohlblo dlr$ibrtion of ectltb rnd ccotodo<br />
Dovlrr ud $hon lbcir comcotr.tloo in s lis brnori<br />
Ard srt.r.!t l! i! In aho lrprcEc natlon.l iotcrcrr b improY6 lb<br />
eononlc wcll-bci!8 of lh6 D. anry, by narjBt llrtulrurc ! prosrlor'<br />
NoF, th.rclot4 lt! Chicf Man<strong>il</strong>l l:w Adminiitalol i! plcls'd lo b*'<br />
(hc followlDg Rcgubtio!.<br />
PART I-fiE D{rNAlY<br />
r- Sho'1 titt., .tt.rt anit comn.n.m.nt -(l) Tbit Rlsul0tiot ert<br />
b. crlki rbo Ltnd RcrorDi Rc8'rl{ioo, 1972<br />
{2) It dt.adt to ab€ Provloc.. o, Brlucbdtn' tio Notlh_W' Froru{l<br />
p""<strong>il</strong>t <strong>il</strong>?<strong>il</strong>iiit<strong>il</strong>.td;u.tii'pit^tli'r,torv' litr lhrll oot rpprv to iL<br />
ccolnlly ado<strong>il</strong>tttlrco r ou |r.!t.<br />
(3) lr sbll oom. hto fotcc 3l oBco.<br />
'i,' 'irAi'rt.-u ta" *srlatlon' uolc$ tbcre $ oDtriti!8 !'P0s0'd<br />
in ibc lubiccl or cori! ,iri<br />
'coo.idon' t."os s L.nd commiirion constitulotl us&l-P'iq<br />
gapb 4.<br />
C) 'econonie holdiDs: ECa!r'-<br />
(c) E;ccAl fot rh! Purposc0 of t.trErpht 22 and 24'-<br />
<strong>il</strong>i in tuc Provioei ot si,,d a Bqluchkkn an ar!a' wh'rb'r d nor<br />
"t,bi;;;;':t; ;;;tu" "r &r';3irtv'rour lcr.' of bnd,<br />
-'--ij<br />
.d.*Lro ,<br />
"o "..", vhctl.r or noa tlthin or' cltalt or t'r!"d d'<br />
dctr. ini squrrcs or tm rlstrlglc! or 6ftv .crt!' *bic!'lcr !{ !'or' i rN<br />
(b) For the purpor.r ol p.rrg.lpb 22 rd 24. aurror sllciacd<br />
juh<br />
'n<br />
.l*Jiiii.,-'i'iiii wltltn irnc irric or nawa ot<br />
- --iii ''cl'<br />
';c"*1"^-i' .ots iD rclnior to rb' Irlso'brd crpkrl Gdlttl<br />
,h. d1n.lt;";;;;";;<strong>il</strong>-in rcrrrion to n prouini"' rbc Gi'*'noror 'r<br />
tDst provme;<br />
(4) "Land" mcani Lod $rhic! it nol occuDi.d !! th. liic of totl<br />
vtX6it, f.cloly of i.dutrri<strong>il</strong> ' G$tablhhm.nl' an<strong>il</strong> ii, occunlcd ot ha3b"! -<br />
purpos.i all<strong>il</strong>d oI uh.r$'!r "<br />
cro bo lcl for a8r'cullurrl9u.ootcr or ror<br />
22t
yicukurc. .od ioclld.t lh. .ib. of bllldlat| .!tl oth.r .t?!cttn . or .ucb<br />
rt) "Orcbrd" rD.r Lld !!dr. h. t ... rLll.d to . rLddlt o?<br />
.c!nir.6vc tr.6 or n.rc F r.r. roto.od o.i!Gb.d bt trD|| c{on i<br />
16) !'OIo.r" irclud.r r !.ruo d..drd to b..r o'0or und.r rub-<br />
6rion (a) of.rcdoo 18. ol l[. Wxl P.lirro bdd R.v6rrc &L 1967<br />
lV. P. Acl XVll of 1116?, ;<br />
(7t "Pcr!on" lrCId.... r.Iitlorr cdlc.tlord 6r cbd|lbb tor$trtio!,<br />
.r.. rru.L ebtb.r 9!bal. o? privrlq r tllrdu lDdlvld.d f.6lly, . cooFny<br />
or sod.llq or body of i.dlridlrlr. .rd . @op6nrle. or oln€ r.d!ty,<br />
bor dod oor iocludo r lcrl surborirr. r univ.(rry .rnblrsLd bt l*, .<br />
body bc.rpor.6l br r c..t l or 9roekcl l.{,orr! e.bc.riool htdt!.<br />
tioo cicopl.d by Gov..fu.crt from r!. or.rdioD of llll Rctrlrdoa;<br />
(8) i'Prflcribdl" nunr rn\..ih.d b:/ rllB a!d. ui.ls rbt R.a!hrt6 ,<br />
tt) "Pr.!id.nt" mc.n! r!! PGrid.ot olP.tlrr![ I<br />
{10) "Produ@ ldlt.x Uoirn &.Et rt. mGr$r. i6 r.rnr ol *!'Eb.h.<br />
oodlar.dv. Fodu.rivitr of .n .r.| of |!.d of . Fnicrlr. tir|l| tr r<br />
gnculr. ars.'h. orcl. or e. h ooDDotcd rFd dpE$.d tor rh.<br />
9lrp$6 ol lld !c!.d.8 r.htL8 ro rh. r...rdcn.or of d(pl...d Fru. on<br />
horl or *s dct r&io.d lnrls rL p6vi.io of rob-pro8..Dh (lo) of<br />
2 of !h. R.palcd RctlblioD. A!C, i! rdp..r of .o 3rKm.ot<br />
FDerp!<br />
lidL q &a *!.r. to rrcl {.l. eu dlt roioolr .ud D..rac !r dt bG<br />
l&tu'n rl by rlF Co6dinror ad rho lFvioe *irhi! rhicb ruch s*s-<br />
G.t circlc o. .B t .irorktl i<br />
Ol) "R!r4b.l R..!|iri@r' !|.16 rtc \v"n P*l3ts b.d ldoret<br />
R.ruldion (R.!ul.d@ 6{ ol l95t) ; r.l<br />
(12) "sDbri!r.!c. holdhB" |!al! .n .Gr ot rbiny-rro .ca. ol Lnd i!<br />
!1. Prdi@ of Bnudbr.o,.ltia! raa o{l.od ln lb. Prod!6 of S<strong>il</strong>d<br />
ud h<strong>il</strong>f a rqu.r. or hdf . !..r.!tl. o. r.lv. rnd n:ll !c.cr of I r!d, rhi:!w!!<br />
n Dorc. .L.eh.rc :<br />
Frevid.d rb.r for lhc p*por.3 ol D.nir.pbr 22 sod 24, . "$b5i'r.ncc<br />
rol'liDg".b8ll no.n .uct h.ldlnJ @6priritr8 !o u.r or rrdr kirhib olc<br />
:rr.rc or "M.s:r_ or "ucb".<br />
7. "R.t.l.U.n to oEnkh otl@ ,.flt .k,"-fhc !!.vfiio6 ol lbit<br />
R.g!btio!, -!n4 .., rst! or o!d.t od. rbd.hd.r, .!rll b.v!.fl
(a) A Codoirdo! h.r !@1..b dc or ft! hc6b.r. lo b. $. Cn a<br />
L.!d C@Di3dwr, plo .t.ll, $bj..r to rE! dnFrior .. h., frcD te<br />
r. (ir. bc 3iB. by rb. Co@r!|5.io.. b. tdpont'bl. ror tn ldd@dt.rbn<br />
(5) erch Co@hrio! b.t ..t !p o.8..ir.tioor lnd !ppoi!. ouic.r.<br />
.otborltio dd 9.8o.!, .!d @d.r Do{ri d, .od !rr'8b drti.r ;<br />
(6) Wbqc ..y di.pur. diq ln qnyl.r lolo .6..t th. p.ovi.i.u+<br />
thi. R.!ol.rlon, h !h.ll b. r.f6$d ro th. Cohdi.no. tor tb. Droifi8<br />
wl|bio obicb.oci di.pulo ..ir6, md Q. d..lrlo. of rbc CooDhtlo! lblrdr_<br />
(7) Whdc !!y dirrut. o. ditLr.nc! lrter<br />
Co@j$ioos qnb rrFot lo .!y D.ovi.lotroi or..t<br />
rbi! Rqd.rlo& it drU bc lclrrt'd.to r!! Pr<strong>il</strong>idclt<br />
3h.ll bc 6aal.<br />
b.twn tso or rrdr<br />
mrlt.. .oni::!.4 '!:1,<br />
drc dc(ni". rftu<br />
(E) Wb@.Et 6!lcr h et provd.d for l. rh'r R.aulato!, or ue<br />
drEolrr ql*r i! aivha .Fccr ro tb6 O{rpcr ot lhir R.8ubrjoo, . CoD!'f,<br />
9o! E!t, *irh rbc.t9rovrl or oo l!. diBrld ot, tb. Pr.3idcrr, D.tc .@l<br />
p.ovirioas io op.cr rbcFof.. n $intr frr, or s n.y b. diGr.d.Ilt<br />
rh. Pr6tdo!.Dd &ci ordcr.bru h. d4D.d to folo a pari ofrbir Rqdi<br />
rion ard !sv..t ct r.@.di.8ly.<br />
5, D.Iqotton.J Po*.a.-A Co6DisioD Dry, by Doriiqrion ir tb<br />
oEcial Os:(c. dir.cr rb.l rb. posrrqeir.bL by ir !.d.r tbiR.sddlb<br />
bay, nbjer lo roch @od'(iooi, ictudlr s !trovitlou .t to ApF{j..lrlds<br />
or rcr'dr, lr rny, o dt b..9.ci0.d iorh. nori6eri@, lE .r.rEirqt .lt'<br />
by.oy ofitt b.hb.r! or o[l.d. d .urhorlri.. rrtarnio.t. rot :<br />
Povld.d th.r. CorEinio!.ldl lor d.L-r. nr @sd udle iD<br />
p.6sEDt (2) ot p.nar.pb t !o .n oEer b.lor $. r.oi or . CobniC..t<br />
6, Powr to nak. Rtks.-A C6sii.lo! D.y o!*. rul.. lor oto&r<br />
our tbc purpoi.s or rDl! R.Eurrio!, n'cl9diDs rul.r on drt|*. rl.rio! lo<br />
6r co!M..n wnh (h€ pr.ri^rrlion. b4rini ..d dc..'otr.rro. oa rlt D<br />
frc6..od .DElicrtioD. for rh. rririon .!d rcvew of. ord.n Eirl. !d!r<br />
PART lll-RBtrctroNl ox OwNlanlr ^No Po$dnoi o! l,rlD<br />
7. C.latu lrNJ.tt rrtd,-(l) Sav. 13 orb.rvb. prorld.d it t|lr<br />
(.) Tb. trslfa otloy |!!d,..d $! r{rio4 of rD, rlsbr d i.Gr6t !9<br />
or cocuob.r.c. o eoy lJod. modc in ..y o.nn.r vn.so€v.r io .io.ds<br />
aor .F.. oo o..f(.r tbc t*cn(icrh
t or ht r..l o( .Dcsmbr.!.. .hrll t vold ut{.i tt tx [oldl.t o! .!.<br />
d.t !o .?or lroE i!.[ dBLr..o rtoul.ld proll@. bd6r uoitr :<br />
.Ar sv.llqrq {h.rc O. Condbdo! i. ntht.d lttl ll sa ! }o,,<br />
r* inaunor, th. r.lifd or utl.odnd rh. qdtion olr.i riSbto!<br />
't"*r.rt io or.nclobtuG oD tnt lrnd. o.a. tt a.t dM4.r wD.rao.!d,<br />
;.rv oaoo holdlor on 0.d M.rch t967. r! ro.qdv.lc!' to mo.. tb!.<br />
;f,; rlo![!d oroduc. tndd !!it. (.dculrtC oa lb. b.tir or cl.rri0qtlon<br />
i.Atar-toc0 rr tl. rctnu!.c@r<strong>il</strong>| tot lb.tit 1966 .od rabl 1966-57),<br />
ir.ti uo.oC rUott bc d..dcd 6lr.y. !o brv. bF vod,.od lb. Lod.o<br />
df.tr.d or rb.lo.d o! qhi.! (lE riahl inEr..t ot<br />
d@l .h.U b., .nd rhell tE d.c6€d .l{.y. ro b.s b.d, owa..l ot<br />
!os$.d, ! rh.c.to orv b!. by rhc acno! by rloE ir wa otD.d or<br />
;6F ed loD.dut.l, bclorc rb.l dlt.':<br />
'<br />
P.ovlEd ri noruns in ttii cl.d. rt.tt.991t to.n id.riod Dsd. by<br />
r p.so! i! f.tolr of hi. n.ir-<br />
E tLntnd t.-F.r rb. Dqttot.t ot r!i! t{b-ter.g.aph .od<br />
drrffioh !0, tn b.l. ihrll 6..n (h. ow l! wit. q qlv6, !ont, dlu8hicB.<br />
hoii, irortcr ua aoc ond dlusbr(n of ! d.@!.d !o. or dauBht r-<br />
E,Dl.natlan ll.-wttct lny lrch rrrrrnctio! ar h rcEr;d to la<br />
.l.uc i6l of lnn sub.9t.lsrspb hli rctllcd In lbo lr.df.r of .ny l.nd or<br />
O.c.ari6r ofioy richr or iol.r.3l i. or .roubbt.o@ 6! .ny laEd ia Itrcu.<br />
dl i nomb.r of dic o'.q! f.6<strong>il</strong>y or rb. r.visioD or 3Ect lald ro !u.t<br />
osc! or d:a!.r. rh.th.r lttough t!. inl!@cdi todof. lbittl pct o! or<br />
orbspi...3eh r^nr.crioa sh.u b. ab.!i.d ro b. \,old, ed rhc lsd !o<br />
r..!sfc.!.1 or..cu6b..cd rU^U b. d.eocd ro h.v. b.cn o,o.d or 9q3d*d<br />
Babc c...drb., by rb. rE3or 6r rbm n r.r or!.d or Poc!.d<br />
ldncdi< b.lot tlclt rrrsf.t o. tru6b.@.<br />
E tlaia.ba Ut,-ln 4.'ctb' in!*!.Lhcr . L.n|&liot r.f.rcd to It<br />
.1!uF (rl oapMsrlph(1, r.r D,'zl4 ot olhdwlE, rb. codD|\rtD !b!tl,<br />
|!Mc olbcr orrGB, t l. <strong>il</strong>ro.oo$Jm!lo4 rb. folloviog liclorl :-<br />
(rr $b.rbs.d.qrrtc drld.hiion b.. be. Fid by or oo b!h.l{ of<br />
tbc D.ro! i! *h* ,nvor tbc kr.rr.r h.t b.EE d.d. or .oy r<strong>il</strong>ht,<br />
irrc.a.t or . hcrubr.E@ ha.b4n crr.tcd ;<br />
(Ji) uod.. eho|. 6ao's.ncrr lb. lud hr! r.o!16.d w!l.b b .l.i6d!<br />
rohat b.co ri!!ef4.cd or i! t.lpel ot q,hlcb .!t ri8br, idt...3t or<br />
.nc!rb..!€ !! blcr ct.!r.d l<br />
(lrl) ql'o hl3 b..! F io! rh. I.nd r.ecr!. end orhc! cb.i!6t l. teFct<br />
(rr) who h; b..r r.ei'lo8 r!. r.dt for ot B .i sh.r. rrod 3eb 1..d.<br />
(2) lf sor qo.rrlo. r.irt \hdbc!.ny lrlorf.r d otb.. tt.@tiou ls or<br />
15 lor rold lrid.r rub.e.ras..ph ( 1), tn! daittod of tn. Commi$ioo (b...o!<br />
.h.lt. iu5j :cl rI? proi<strong>il</strong>ioas of p{tt..pb 29, 6. 6!.1.<br />
(r) NorbhS 'o io tub-pdsSrsl,ir (l) lhdl 69ply ro sy rantfcrollrnd<br />
or rb!q..rio! of dy,nlcrdt or ri8ht or cNudbr&6 otr any l.d'l dudo by<br />
i r-lBor *bo h.ld or reeDn.rh D..cmb.. 1971, lrtrd io creu ol tbc<br />
p.rolsiblo liDiB !.d.r p.r4.sph 3. !n.r L. har 8lrrc.dcrcd to Govc!&<br />
bc , in rccdd!.e sirb rh. p.dhiod ol thir (.suhriotr, tbD lo.<strong>il</strong> lu<br />
."c.e ot,uch tioirr<br />
.. L Ltnnt on \n&rtdtal i.Lrrgr.-{l) S.v. & othcr*ia Fovid.d io<br />
-{! R$utlrionr oo D.'Dn !h!u, lt &y ii@., oqo or io ort c.prcitt<br />
125
ord lud in qeo of .r. lu.d..d .!d i|.r ..16 ot |rfls.t d t.!it,<br />
tlnr. ho!.tft.l .oE o( @lrrk&d Lrd. ot Lrh.r.d.nd dhrirrca hrd r<strong>il</strong><br />
{tlq ..t!r.r Fhi.t d...d! oo b!.dr€d .'d 6ftv .ct!r of tFti.t<br />
|in l (on. .c.. or irrlr.t d l.rxl b.br cton.d 8.tuiEl..r r. rwoid.i<br />
or!nn.ia.t.d l..d_), or !n .F d|oi t.rr r.r ff..cd rhoqand produ* Ld.i<br />
i!.u b. !F{.r.<br />
(2) lolwlthrt.ndln8 tho Drovtdonr or rlb-prnaraph (t), rn onq.f<br />
lry r.|..lD, oll orth. rrcr orbnd b. *.r hotdl.r i6'n.di.Gly b.foo rh.<br />
..dd.nc.odr ot rhl. R.tul.rion, ru.i ^ddhtanrl.r.r,lf.ny. rbtch ro.L<br />
GinE:thc-tolrl !c. r.!.t!.d by hio t. !n. cquiv.t nt of Gighreo rholxdit<br />
prodo@ l!d.r ln<strong>il</strong>r, ir o! rdc rw.nriah of Dcedbcr | 9? l.-<br />
(l) h. owicd aD rs.icolrur.l rncror, erri6..t ro bc in rood wdti*<br />
6r
lt) lt . D.r.o! orDt or D6|.r.| .! .t r ot t.od .tecd<strong>il</strong>r !!. . a<br />
drrr<strong>il</strong><strong>il</strong>d ud.r tti. D.n, D. 6.t b. rllot d to llr.rc-D|t|! lDr tbolc ot-..Dt<br />
;.tr ot.lcb r.i sitb .a .F. at.d .l Do.!.rdr b, !!J Ddb.r o ut<br />
hn<strong>il</strong>y. for th. Durpont of.o!.olld.llon on lhG br.I. or -.grd v ot Bo<br />
valuc ofthc.t4 ptoPdd ro b. i.l.rch.n!Fd.<br />
' Ent@.tto^-tot rbc tlreoB..f tli. r!b'9"t8t!Ph, "ttE<strong>il</strong>t-rb3ll<br />
''odo4-lrd.r<br />
d.tD <strong>il</strong>edDu.nrt, D.rar4 ch<strong>il</strong>dr.o, tr.id.D<strong>il</strong>dF.'<br />
borb'tr' t'lcrt'<br />
i.i'rlml ortci'nrt aoit 'i.tcro.i vD.t ., rid i!t..D!l rod b.t"Drl nqb'$t<br />
aART IV-Ofr l r80 0r Dlclri^rtox3 1ND yrtnxs o!<br />
Axcr*t IAND tN 6owrt!|.err<br />
12. D..b,t aa-{ll A Co6Elr.lo. D.v' by ord.r Dubli'bd! it rhc<br />
o6ci.l Cialtc. dital tb; Lllowinr clx.c! ot F{on3 ro .Lbntl ro- ruon<br />
.urbonr v, in .u.h nlnt.r &n foro ind bt .ucb d!1.' .t o.v bc sP.srEcd r!<br />
Oc or&r, dc followirg d€hnii6 r-<br />
{rl D.ctatslio.3 bv Dct.ont q[. on Mlrch l, t96?, ovr.d ot Pori!4cd<br />
ldd ro.re$ ot ar ua. .oriv.Ltt ro It 0oo Droducabd.t unnr qlcurN<br />
.n rb. ba{r or ch.rl66ti o; o{ torl I .ntc..d i. rhc rsou. r4o'dtlor<br />
tlarif, 1966, aod .oti. l9ec67.<br />
(d) D.clu.rio6 bv 0.e.. tho o! D4@b.. 20'.l9tl' op"
(3) wh.t! rly D.RoD i. i! Dor...rlo. of l.sd io.rcdr of<br />
ttr ai6e oooi$ibtc for tcr.Dtioo iod.r Plt. III ro Euch of tlch<br />
orcG$ l.!d 13 ir iD his Doss.rlion !r. lor!.. or 6ortt!4.. .h.ll<br />
lotr.st io corcmoclt boa rb.ll..obj.cr to ih. orhcr Prov<strong>il</strong>lott<br />
of thi. R.A!htio!, tcvcrt to rtc l.aror or EortFtd, r! thc crl.<br />
14. r..rdDato! h e. oJ dch.rso oI l.!rl .lloatcd<br />
bod.r.r..i. wh... lny pcBotr ro rboo aoy hod has<br />
arrnrcd undcr tbc Wcst Pskirtao Bordcr AEa R.gulatiol, l9tt<br />
,R.cul3r'oo 9 of Zoo. D). t.t.xc-trI.ad th. nid lrad aifi .oy<br />
;rh.-r I'nd oultidc ttc "bordc! rEt,'. d dctn a tolbt id<br />
R.lulitio! tho llnd .o obtatncd i! .rcb.oF by !! t l,3.tor<br />
.hajl rsl rbsolui.ly in (}oi€lr6.dr tr.. ftod ttlt ldtl!br|.c!<br />
rr cLlrsc, lnd rv<strong>il</strong>bour pryocoa of any coDpcos.no!.<br />
t5. Sald lri<strong>il</strong> lir.-!to.t f.rmr : (r) AU arc.3 uodcr slud ot<br />
live{rock fa!os, whcrhc! Srarelsod o! othor{i3e, !lior.d lo b.<br />
r.raincd und€r thc provaioos of pd srap! 9of lhc repcsl.d<br />
R.lulrtro!'khall, whcthcr or trot tbo lrcd ar. hcld by tb. pe.son-s<br />
who hcid tb.o st rb ofrh.t R.Sglar'oir or<br />
bvrhoscrowhod lcaes pcro rf.rotad thcrcuodcr or tlv olhcr<br />
l;',1 be rcruocd rnd vcat iD 6ov.'!oo!r fftc f.o6 ary<strong>il</strong>cuEbFDcc<br />
or chrr8. rh{6ooe.r :<br />
Provid.d th.t etrc.c iDy codFolltior ir rclp.d or rry roc!<br />
lsrE ha! alrcady bccD calcul.ted ind !.ncaion.d uudat ibc ptovi3io!!<br />
of phSrspb lTof lh. rc!€rlod RctEhtioD, thc s3id<br />
coopcositioo .b!ll b. psyabl. to rh€ o*oor| of llc ,rid tltDt.<br />
16. Srll.is.h! : Atl 5rc uldcr Srii*at8qi&-io- th. Poss.-<br />
.sioo or uDd.t rD. dln.a.EcDt oraDv pcrsoo shalr Dc rcaudcd<br />
dd vcsa io Gov.rn6.nl ncc floEr suy crcudbralc€ or cbt86<br />
vha&ocvd..!d \t<strong>il</strong>hout IByaGll of iDy codlpnsttio!.<br />
t7. RdlgL.+ ctlrlt bl. .!d.d!6do!d !o.t?ti.+ iddlralor!<br />
.4 oq.ar : Tb. proviiio!! ol prr.g.ph E tlnll apply to cv.ry<br />
Eliatout. chdlrblo o. .du6tiolrl .o.ioty or iD{<strong>il</strong>ulin..od lo<br />
.vcty irutt or e.tf, rh.thcr public or privtt. :'<br />
(r) ulivorlitt4 c lblirh.d br lrs ;<br />
(<strong>il</strong>) .duclriold rastirutioor cxcdprcd by GovcrrEcor frod<br />
tn. op.ralio! of lbii R.ruhiio!.<br />
"Provid.d th.t if, rhe public ior.rclr, tbc Provinciat cor.r!m.!l<br />
d.cid.! to l..sc out aoy .ucb l.Dd, tbc pcrso! br whoD. it<br />
ers sud.ndcrcd sblll haE rlc .irbr of 6rsr oDtioo ro rh. !r.orol<br />
Ic!!. of thc l.!d or of lwh Doriio! rbcrcol as rbc pr;y<strong>il</strong>ci.l<br />
covc!!D.!r 6rv dcc6 6r".<br />
213
P..l-V Ut<strong>il</strong>izttio. ofsureDd.r.d & Retrmed knd<br />
1& Gr.i ofL|d ao r.FS: (l) Lsod tbicb v.!t! itr qolcrS'<br />
ucoiririCci *o provirions of pariirnpb 13 or patagraPh 14 lhall'<br />
rubi.€a to tb. oihct DtoYirio8 of lbh p.rsgrrph, bc Slr cd 116'<br />
df.llrs to tb3 t.[aotr *io ltc showl i! lho Ravcnuo Kccorca<br />
i6 -uc in cuiiir"ttog 9os.c!tio! of iti!rKhdif l97l rod Rabi<br />
l97l-721 or ir tbo caso oI lad v.rtiDS ir GovcrrE.-tr! -otr ulc<br />
b.!is ols d.cls.atio! n d! pul|urlt to chulc (ec) or.ub-pq'_<br />
lnDh (l) of o.tlrrsoh 12, lo lho tolanl ctho it lhown i! uo<br />
f,;ioDiJ R.dotdio 5c io caltiv.t<strong>il</strong>a poscldon ofif ir r!€ vc"<br />
idbcdhkly D<strong>il</strong>c.dinf trch allcLration !<br />
Proridad tbrt to lsld .bll bo 8raltcd to<br />
for tha bddDb of lhi! Rosphtim, tould brvc<br />
ls[d frob rtiof tho pctson! frod wboE land<br />
lndll thir Ragulaiion.'<br />
(2) Sbctc . tcrant eho i! cotltlod to tic grrot of laod<br />
undci -<br />
tub-DotrsaDb (l) alr.adv orD3 atrv lard, ho rhrl-l.o.!<br />
rraDacd oDli lo-nuih hnd urd.i rh. said sub-pamgraph w!rcn<br />
io8cahcr witt tho lsod slrcsdy owo.d by bim cquals a! arcl or I<br />
rub.i6tcrc. holdfug.<br />
(3) Wh.tc.Dt tird i3 ro! shoe! io ihc Rcvcoug,Sccoq'^.19<br />
bcin mltivatine Dosscssion or rav tcnant. .!u.lllB l!.Drnr rt'r<br />
aDd Rabi l9?1.t2'it sbrll bc araticd io stch t.Dant ol olD"<br />
Dcrso[!. owoioc lcs! tba[ t cubEfutclcc boldinS' and oD-luctt<br />
icrms aid coldiiioos. ar th! GovcrDdoDt mav dcterEinc ; 19to'<br />
vidcd lhct oovcmDcnt rDst ut<strong>il</strong>izc srv 3uch land for sucn puDrrc<br />
purposo a. <strong>il</strong> Eay dceE fft'l<br />
(4) NothiDg io this p.ragtrph 6htll<br />
arv Stltc-lard rreDtcd on iotlrlE.rts<br />
rcapcd of suchlaDd rcolir3 uDpaid.<br />
tcrrrotr who, but<br />
cotit&d to i! hcri!<br />
hs b.cn rctudcd.<br />
sDDlv io orcbard!, ot !o<br />
wliri aoy irstdacrt to<br />
19. UllUatlor of hrd od.r ortf.rlb. tlna or llG.tocl<br />
tud! : I,rtd oodcr orch$d!, stud or liv.-$tik frrE wli-ch r'<br />
i€sudcd aod v.st! io Govcruictrr urdcl thc proYirioos ol ttdq_<br />
gtrph lsloey bo ut<strong>il</strong>izcd by Oovcrodcrt ir such oltrrcl r3rr<br />
Provid.d that if io thc Dublic i!lcrcs! Oowrnocnt d.cido! to<br />
l.!s€ out aov lind. thc Dcrson fro6 c,ho6 i! v,a! tcsultcd sDarr<br />
havo tbe rigirt of fust oprion to rbo 8r'rrr of lcssc tlof lbo la-Do<br />
r.ruDcd froo hint or ofsuch ponio-o rhcrcofee ahc Ggvcrrdto'<br />
Bay dctcrEincl of Ihe wholc or such @tt of' or dla lroo' uu!"<br />
latrd, a3 tho (tovcrtrocDl may dc.E 6r:<br />
229
20. Utll|' rlor of lrta o!a.. ].|r!.d .httt'trlt : Irnd<br />
ondar thlka4aht rcauood psrsSr.pb t6 .hrll bo ut<strong>il</strong>iz.d iD luch<br />
Erlllr ar thc Gov.rlm.Dt may dot rrtl<strong>il</strong>c.<br />
A. Udlzrdo! Dltrd .!.on.d tloE rdldod' chrrla.tl€ rrd<br />
adla.doll loc|cd.a .' Lsnd rlauEad urdor tho ]tovisioDr of- pola'<br />
lraph l7 sl|lll b6 or<strong>il</strong>iz.d ln .uch D<strong>il</strong>t.t.! E.y bc pr.tcnDlo :<br />
Ptovidcd th.t tfi! tho DEbtlc <strong>il</strong>Lt tt oovcmocli drcld'r<br />
to lcr.c onl rlv laad- lha Darton &on tho|t <strong>il</strong> it rcluEc(l aD{r<br />
levatlo;nnt oftnl d,odod to thc rrrlt of tho l.r.o rtof.bo<br />
hd r.!oB;d froo hiD'or of .och tdnion <strong>il</strong>o'lof .t tlc ooFmoJainrv<br />
ocaroiri oi thc rrhol. 6r toch p.t! of, ot ltor fmo'<br />
.rch l.da, r. Govcrn6clt Dly d6ro ftl.<br />
P .NT_VI IMPARTIBILITY AND RESTRICTION<br />
ON<br />
ALIENATION OP HOLDINGS<br />
Zt B6Etcdo6 oD r.td0Dr ol lohr loldllgt: (llAjoi<br />
holdine *itb D rftr conll to or 1.3! tlra ahrt ot a toblittcoc!<br />
boldiri rtdl oot. bo Dr|tliaio!.4 .tcep. tbcrc tb€ joira holdc?r<br />
oro. <strong>il</strong>rdividi.lly or joioaly, othcs hod io tb. 56c &l ot<br />
v<strong>il</strong>lu€! aDd lha Dqtirio! bs. lhc c8cct ofcv.tvsuch holdct<br />
o"ofts, wbcrh.r iraividudly or joiotly. . boldiog witb !o arca<br />
oot l.tjs tbrD .ht df r 'rbddcrc. ioldiot:<br />
(2) A ioior holdio& l&ac. thro a subGrcaco bolding bu!<br />
smallci tlan ar ccorooic boldir. shrll ool 5c pr.litioocd, it<br />
p.rtitios. trai lb. ctfcc.. of dividirg tb holdios iolo tucb p.rri<br />
ttat loyonc part add.d totha.r.. altcrdy orncd or Posscsrcd<br />
by tb. individu!.| cosbarc. to wboo lhlo parl would go bccod.r<br />
l!3s rhro rbc ar€a of ! rub3istco:c holdiog.<br />
(3) A ioiot boldinc wirh an arci .ou.l to rhal of ao ccoao_<br />
oic h;tdi;g lhrll Doi bo p'rrition€d. .rccpr eber. thc joiDt<br />
holdcrr ovo oth.r laod i! thc 3ar0c d.l.or v<strong>il</strong>lagc, lld.lltr<br />
partitioo has th. cfcct of such hold.r owlioS, c,hctber roq'vt<br />
dullly or joitrlly, a holdioS, eith an trca oot lcs3 tb6t tba! ol .n<br />
(4) A joint holdinS flirb rn arca Srcttcr tha! thal ofau<br />
ccooooic h<strong>il</strong>dios sbrll -rot bc DartitioDcd;n such a way a: .to<br />
lc.vc ro iDdividu.l holditrr tirkcn tolcthcr with lh. .rca wDtcn<br />
thc owncr rnlv rlr.adv Doe;s. !ou!l-to .D .conoDic holdioS.<br />
or to lcavc tlc iodiviitu<strong>il</strong> boldioiofaoyoo. of thc joint o*Dcrs<br />
lcrs rh.o thc rrca of ! sutrsisrcocc holdidg.<br />
210
(5) Partitiotr of lasd io coot6vctrtiotr of the provisionq of<br />
thii paragraph sball be void.<br />
.. (6) Th€ provi3ions of tbis prr.rgriph shall tro! apply to bol'<br />
oro8r, Joror' ortrco oy-<br />
(a) cvacu.cr and noo-€vacucca, rcquir:4 ro b. part<strong>il</strong>ioncd-rt<br />
accordancc vitb lbc proccdurc Drclcrib;d \:rder rry RebaDrrrt"'<br />
rion Scttlcm€ot Schcmc :<br />
(6) owoars of laod rld occuPsocy tooiDts-ot Muqarcrdatt'<br />
cduir;d to bc part<strong>il</strong>iorcd io iccordroc. w$b tDo ploclouto<br />
l'iiiiiitidtv o. i,oa". "ov law fot rbc tioc bciD8 io forc'<br />
23. rr{lorcenoot of ioprrtlbh lollt holdl.g.: (l) A Jo'rl<br />
boldibg the partitiotr of wbich ir nor pcrmissiblc undor Patr.<br />
graph 22 shall contiEuc to b. Eanrgod s3. lirglc urit<br />
(2) In thc cver of { disput. rclafdiog tbc miorgcrlclt of<br />
lDy iuch joirt boldiog as .foreslid-<br />
(d) th. co-sharcru m.y sclcct on? ofthcmsclve!" by d.esio!<br />
of lots or olhcri,,isr. wb; w<strong>il</strong>l daoec.. on tbci. bcbalf. lbc bol'<br />
diD8, and from eholn they w<strong>il</strong>t rcc.iv; tbeir iharcr of lh! io.<br />
coEG : ot<br />
(r) if lhc co-Bhsrcrs cNnoot !o scl.ct- tbev mey rcqudt tb.<br />
Cotl.ctor of th6 Disrrict in which such holdinc ii sitia!! io oodi-<br />
Dntc oBc oftb. co-sharars to aanagc as aforsiid.<br />
- (3) lf in tbc op<strong>il</strong>ioo of rhc Co<strong>il</strong>oiglioD, no sEaog.octt<br />
forjoiot mal.gcmcot betwacn lto co.sharcrs is Dossiblc, tlc<br />
ConmbsioD Esy rcquirc rh. boldiog or lrgymcotbf 3uch com.<br />
Ftrselion a! msy bc di,tc.rbiBcd i! tt;orca;ribcd oantrcr.<br />
2ll
|cqorE rh. boldin! on p.yo.[r ol<br />
nlmd h tbc 6rdc.ib..l 6s.d.<br />
E Dlatutlon,-tl r cadt|tr.t L<br />
Ur tu.rdl![ tblu bo lret d 4.<br />
!u:h co6Do!l!1io! $ nrt b€ iLld<br />
for rb. riD. bciog.mhd or lulrrlo<br />
@{hir.r to. rL pu.p6c ot thb t rr<br />
24- S.tqtctt@t on .l&dtta' oJ hotua,.-lt> No Dqd otlbt<br />
uor. rh& rha rrc. ofatr dtoab lold<strong>il</strong>t !b!ll bc rllow.d to.li..lb<br />
br rlc, oonr.lp, ift o! o!b..*h. .oy poirloa ot bit loldiot rna.l<br />
D., !.duc. rlc !ir! of tb bolding m rn t.. b.lot rlc li6ii drr<br />
eoEoDi. loldEt :<br />
Irdidioa rh.t !!.h a prsn d.y rlldl. hi! crlie loldio&<br />
(2) No r.60. ohins .n .$nodic holdioi lhsl<strong>il</strong> b. tllo<strong>il</strong>d to<br />
dicn;r. by 3iL, nfiS!8.8Iat or othcruiE e, Po.rl@ of hi! botdbl :<br />
lrovidc<strong>il</strong> lhrt 3uob s p.Bot m.y dic!.!c Dit .trir. loldltrl.<br />
(3) No Dc.!o! o*.itrs Eorc thrn rho rr.. of. .ubtirt De boldios bu!<br />
l.s r<strong>il</strong>n rn.orodic holdi4 thlll bc !llo*!d b rli.! .Dy tdo, Eo?rt.lq,<br />
ci(! or orh.r*<strong>il</strong>c sly porl'o'i ol hi. holdrtg whioh may ..dua6 tho.le ol<br />
br. boldto8 to co tr€ ldt.h.l lb. rr.r of.ubrhl.!@ holdtnS:<br />
Providd l!.t ruch a p.!!o! mty oll.nrrc lii .orirc hold'Dg.<br />
(J):\o p.so! owdirg !..r.4 .qud to or l.st rbao r tubri3lclco holdioa<br />
lbsll bL alr;wd .o rli.arrc by .:do, do(a.g:, 3if. o. olb..*u! !o, Ptn ol<br />
Prcvidcd rt.r hcE.y !li.!.t. bi3.nrir. holdinS or, iqlh.cr.of<br />
. holdiDs {bi.h ii l* rbr. r rub3nlo@ hol
l3t I$1rc6 rb'U 1912.-<br />
{d) bnd ttv.n|l. lrd o$.r ur... c.3!r .ur.h.r8. |tra Ld.i oo hld<br />
.dl br D.y|bL bt ib. d6t;<br />
(D) Tt. ltrblllty tor F E.'t ol trl!ti.t., .dd provldb[ ...d aor<br />
x, l.!d rtlll b. rhlr oflt o,6c. or ottd r.tron h D*.trioD th.rsf,<br />
(.) TL 6t ol t <strong>il</strong>E rr .rd p!r{cid6 ltqriF.l for rt. l|!d.olb.<br />
trl$d i! . r6.!cy.h!ll b. rh.cn .qqlly b.tre. tn6 o'6dd O.<br />
(d) Srbjcd ro rb. orhd !,rdijor. of thh R.!rrl|lio., ! rE.!r h.e.<br />
rt.66r .l!hr ofpr..cdplio. i! r6Fcr ot rh. hld codF<strong>il</strong>ld b hi.<br />
(4) No oh.r or r..ro. io p6er.ion ol.oy lr.d &rU l.vy.ry c6r ot<br />
!rtllc lny le l.boor frod,rny othit t nmt .<br />
PART VIII-MISC&IAIEOUI<br />
26. ao ol j\' kokttoi. -lr\ No proviriotr or Oi! R.Suhrioa or of.ay<br />
ruLr or ordBs 6.d. th.rculd.r rbrll b. coll.d iD qr.ltion io rulcoult.<br />
bclodb8 lbc Hish Coqr .od tr. Suprcdc Cou , or brrorc .try siroorlri<br />
otnd tho !n ,orbo.irr .Dpoln'.d u.dcr thtr RellatioD, .trd oo .u:<strong>il</strong><br />
CoiI| or ru$o.ity rb.ll hlvc Jrirdictio. itr rcrlld ot |.y oa(.r qhtch<br />
th. CoE6hrto! i! .@Fv4.d lo ddcrllla,<br />
O) Noleb Coln d $thodry .t .fo.csid .hrll bc @6ed.nr to<br />
aot uy lrjulclioB or ott.r ord4 t! r.LlioD ro .!y p.o*dindb.for.<br />
rh. Co66ii3id or bdor. rnr otlc.r.r:rcirb3 lnypo&rqdkc-t rri!!<br />
rn, frDcrioD uldr Oir Rc3ll.rioD or rh. 1016 o. od4 6d. rb-*.:<br />
llidd! orjn r.l?uoo ro.ttrbiot doo. ori!r..d.d .o b. dor. byot.r rb.<br />
ldmc. of lb. CooE<strong>il</strong>]ioo o. .e! o6e..<br />
- 21, InlhNht.-No nlr or otb.r l.t.l proc.c<strong>il</strong>i!8r sbrll lic rSuiGr<br />
!.vcri@ol or lg.lnlt uy p.Eo! t! r.rp.ot ot.lyrblr8 sbid h i. rood<br />
ir<strong>il</strong>h doo. or lot n
cquir.d bt rrch FovLb[t ot r<strong>il</strong>follt f$.nlthca lDcolrp|do d taLo<br />
dcitrndoD or iofonbatlor. oa .tmDcn llitlr atry aacord rtlcv.!'t ao lh<br />
g rpoa$ ot auch DroiLioaa, or obttnrclt aoy p.tton i lbo diLb&t!<br />
of nir duli6 o. furdion. uDd.l ruclr ptovhiotr lhrll b. pulnld ttl<br />
r<strong>il</strong>orour roprirormaor thich Day .rtcnd lo l.v.i ya{rl aotl wh.$ a<br />
ncrron lur txca corricLd uldcl thh pn.gr|ph of s<strong>il</strong>tully |ltirg or<br />
i'fiishius r f.L. d.cltEtion, lhc Courl corvicliog hld E y od!<br />
tbrr dl or iry loEovrblo propcay of 3uch gonoa b. forhlr.d !o<br />
Oo|ctoE aL<br />
tl. Cotntt.t4 of on tctt -No Court.bdl t!k! c!8 2.!c. ot<br />
o&a.. urdlr rht Roruhlion ctoapl ot r arDPhrol D ndq[t Drda<br />
ord6 of, or un&. rlttotity froE. th. Coodittto!.<br />
!2. R.D.el ar.l ,rvrr,r.-(l) Tho warl P.litl,rn l"$d Rdotor<br />
R.solario! (Rclulrtto[ 6a ol t9t, b.Ginrftcr td.rrcd to tr lto aald<br />
.-n{ulati , is lcrcby ropcrlcd.<br />
(2) Sub.i.ct t6 tbc orhcr p.ovitionr of tllt RcSt lado& lhc ..!Ed ot lt!<br />
.eid itcSdriio! ddl lot aff.cF-<br />
(d) Thc pn.vlou! oF<strong>il</strong>tioo of lho |.id R.gutatior or t[. vrlidhr,<br />
invrlditt. .llc.l or coolcqullcrt ot .oylbht <strong>il</strong>r.adt doo. or luf.tcd<br />
(b) Aly right,litto, privifugc, oblit{to! or n:bitit , .cquirld, rc(rrrd<br />
or iocu(Isld lLdqudd ; or<br />
t.) Aly pcntlty, forfciturc or puoirblr€nt <strong>il</strong>currcd in r.spcd of.!t<br />
oFmcc undcr t[.lrld RcSultllo! ; or<br />
(d) A6y irv.tliglio!, lcgal tro..cdlolt or r.Dcdy iD r.tp.ot otuy<br />
rfth r<strong>il</strong>hr, litlg Drlv<strong>il</strong>cSc, obl<strong>il</strong>rtio!, lhb<strong>il</strong>ity, pcn8ltt, forLiB!. or<br />
rulirbecrr $ rforctaid; !!d tDy such <strong>il</strong>v.rlitrUo!, l.8d plocdlng4 ot<br />
rtocd, Drt bc lo$ituG4 .oEtur.d or.!ffi.Dd royr|lctt!! ltt<br />
tdfc,ru?c or puDbhb.rt' (ory b! idpord tr if thi! R.guhiou td noit<br />
(3) Ao] proc€.diE!. p.ndirg brtorc rn aurhority cootiitlrcd or.!Cob<br />
rcd uldcr |noldd RcStrlarion, imm.diitcly bcfofc r'le coo<strong>il</strong>s joro forc<br />
ofthh Rc8uhdotr, r!.ll rtrnd t|alrf.rrcd lo ruch rudorirJ cooltitlrd 6<br />
lrDornlld uodor rU3 R.guldrio! .! tbc CooDbsioo sry, by ordor publirtldi;i[c<br />
omcbl Clrct|c splclfr i! thir bchrlf, rnd lha authorhy ro wllch ,t}al<br />
slocr.dhgr ar. i'an'rcn.d lball, io luch Foc..diog+ rcr i! lccordls t l<br />
ihc Fov<strong>il</strong>roD. ol .bc r<strong>il</strong>d Retula, io6, l' lf <strong>il</strong> brd bcro rgpolord [od.i itq<br />
lrid R4drtk'd,<br />
aa<br />
bt<br />
214
APPENDIX-6<br />
ACI II OF I9??<br />
LAND.REFORI{S ACT, I97?<br />
.t, ,ct to yath le lnhc. lai 4oiat<br />
lctrdt. ot P.llu!, Err.aordio.., P.n l, 9:h l.ollit l9zl<br />
T!. folh{tlr A.r of P&ll.nr.rr r..!iEd t!. r..!i ofo. P.tsi
o) "!.tec d..' iie dq r}.lb br . F.r6 to rt P6drd Oota.<br />
dd! !.! Ptori.ei GotqaE !t 6r io I b,a, .iiEllr r <strong>il</strong>drralr @lts[{<br />
b4 ' |!d 9oEn@6E ;<br />
P)'ftaqtt " c..! Flr.<strong>il</strong>D.d !r ruLr o.& utu thL A!'( ;<br />
(lo) uft .tihrr" @sr rh. Pr-ld.nt or ttc ld!ai.: R.!$lio o(<br />
t*ttn ;<br />
(1,) it
.Eh Lld rirh bld owDd o[ Do-.nd iirbi! rh. ..E di.lriol !y .lt D+<br />
td ot hE f@llr lq tb. putDd. ol @6.o1'dtdo! on t!. b|.! ol .4t|Urt I<br />
Fbd!6 ir.Lt hl!! of rh. Lld Fogoxd lo b. Nh|n..di<br />
(t) !o .!D..1 ![ell lic is .iy corn or b.torc .ot .uibodt, thrli.{i<br />
qdnir .E .$h!n8t of r.nd dl )w.d o, dl{llor.d !od.r tubRlDo (1)<br />
Ealastt@.-Fl'f t6. pu'ro.. ol .ob!4nor (1, "t m<strong>il</strong>t" ,all 6a<br />
frrh., doln.', br. d., d.r.n, hltbtnt, wrrc or riv..,.o!t aod dcuttr.rl<br />
S, Pdtutdttts { hht Hdt tt 6t o,lhttbd Shttdlot.-NqiqftbirdEi:<br />
Errh<strong>il</strong>r 6nr.lo.d in.lvoltr.r hq fo. rh. (16. b.lor to ro!s., i ioA<br />
loidhr- or o $divid.d .hrdlrt .hr[ lor rb. porpa of thi. a* t]<br />
objccr ro D.niron to ah..tt nt ol tb. rb|i! 4t . P.trct *no cletr C-<br />
.ur.nd.r rb.vbob or D.rt ol bir .br. lo .eb Jo|dl noldint or .rt<br />
6- C..tah t ntl.. r.A.-(i Irlo x.!.tct of !'y l.nd, ihoa<br />
|Dr riShr o imcct ro, ot.!.s6\rr3€ oo .n, Lri, tr8t. 'rith..F r! .ot q!.i<br />
qhn.e.r i! r.qEr olmy .ra., o! or rftcr tbc coDrocD..dcna of lbh Arl<br />
!r.or Ddlor b.kiinS io6!d'r(.lr t frr. rhrr d.t .! .ta d*din8 tl<br />
drirEftsr u.dcr i..ro! 3 O.lt b..!d tnll lE den d rl{.tr !o bE lel<br />
vci.r, .rd rhc lrld ro (t&rf.rfrd o' .Bullt Ed .b!tl bo d..d ! lo brtb t ,;t<br />
oeE.d cr po$cr.d, 3r tL. c.E nr, b-l bt !h. plrsoo by sb@ it slr dld<br />
o! Dor.r..d iocJalcly b.tor. rn r dir..<br />
(2) Norbrna id |tbstion (l).h.ll.Ppl, to rny rr.d' t of l..d or lb<br />
q..tDn of.!tr<strong>il</strong>nt ot <strong>il</strong>rscc i! d .ncrobr.G 6 .Dt Lld Lfr rit|i<br />
p-.o! .ft.r ltc blr .uftrd.rod uE Ln l io !tcs, b hL .odrlcftlt u!&<br />
CEAPIER lU-OsrrlxrNo or OEcr.^r^no$, vtfrtNo of<br />
LnD $ Covurrr.€'tr<br />
7. &.lr.rbd.-(l) A lhtri!.r.I L.nd Co6nieio! o.r. bt lod6odl€<br />
i! th! o6.irt O.r!tr!. r.{uir. tltt.ol r.r.on r
a. c..t4ot Nnla/'t r{r'l{,.a 6a ifu,tea a tr'o.d 4<br />
#*tT" a.{ffige;Ltrif.: ;;-.-T" dlcn<br />
fi o.t, dh .r!6r trc6 rl..ooo,lrul o{ |n'l ]t4 c.l o. t rd. !.,<br />
=; dltdntlc d.'nolhL d.o.rr t. rodoF ..v 9.rd.n@r tqrt|lr.r|on<br />
*-tu".5#11'#',f ':ii"l"H<strong>il</strong>LY:."::fl :,l&'iif':'j<br />
- . y-tb, r,t do(Mr .f .at td -{1, rad in Gqt ol t!. .B<br />
to.-..|.;ti.; bi . titoo !rL. rdlg. l, .!'ll b' bt<br />
hiiira i"iiiio'riti"itt oo6oar.d..r ofrih at'! ro-.t '!"'r&bd urc col<br />
-fiitr<br />
fi6ii'&oj*ivie 'tro.<br />
olt l.!d i. dt!d.' .!d ir .t.ll i! oo'.rD<br />
dr fr6 ol..v .rcrDb..!.. ot oh.rl. : '.t<br />
r"oyllcd ur .irtr. .G.t .ulr.rld of .!r D'F!9. In t6rEr 9g i[. :.nt<br />
kr dDt o lxit na<strong>il</strong>la.tql co&t rhb *dio! r!.[ 60r<br />
:tih dry.fruo! lr?7,<br />
.:i L:d d.Etdt!..t, !!iL.{b.*rid (t ot ..lio. ?, ro b' ia .Iar (o<br />
,h.nrid.6hr ot. s.m ft dl $rr ronhtirh in $. orv4nd.nt ro o! .nt<br />
Xiii-l*-o. .tifte e.a tna d.t ltd rbdl L drod ro L'6 lb'f'lt'd o'<br />
.lb.!d oPtlo! E6.r ... da.<br />
- O) Alt lrd roikt tltla.i.n ttLh l. h !.dr to (n .!do''!'!r ol '<br />
anii'oll iUr r,cr, ortl- qt i. lhc Ootc.oE ol loli.ct ro tho !o.l.dj{di'<br />
id.. oaaL dabL ol lb |niarn ..<br />
(a) r{., l..d otn.d.r.d bt . td.t rhleh o la hb tE!.do ! '<br />
rr.; & oi,nrrr.. rt'rtl aor dt id GoYdiDnr btt .hrll.rbj-r 'o tt'<br />
trtior d r&ioo !. tlt n to lcte! o! no.$rao?' .. &o c... d.t Dc<br />
lU ,or*'c ttttlCa..b.t a .t tst tt.-_{vd..ni h.t llrb{<br />
d ifu
(!) P.to.rt ol@dL...d.. rlb E ad .b.! t a& to |L<br />
rd@ cono.r4rl .tc d.&d.r .{ct !!t[. d..+ o*d br hi., l|c<br />
F *d !.
CgAPrBr Vl-ldD Corlluo€<br />
ra. Fd.ttort of F..ld.l L.'r Cflar.b,r-Tb. P.d..j lr.d Co6ot.<br />
{t) ooo.dl..r. th. t!.ctroni4 ol Prorlad.l Ltod Codsi{iorr :<br />
d.rnt tho llddrl Oo€tlE ot ir rLddha .ny dbDut. ot diiaoc<br />
r <strong>il</strong>r lgo or ho,. F ov<strong>il</strong>d.l bEd c@ol||ioot ;<br />
t ) ui.r tb. F.dal G.Go6..t ir ib 3..dt of lb Fftn &&<br />
',/tbn: (4) bu..Eh aLstlo. lo.ry d .ll lro{..id Lld Coa.hl6 ..<br />
.d D. !...5..r rq th. Dlrlod ot tfr a.r i<br />
(t) ldfo.o .s! otbr toooooir || ory, lloo rtB. ro aioc, bc .erlgn d<br />
bl by th. P.dal Oor,..o@.t.<br />
19. PMt d t6.tht q. hnih.ld It'.,! C.dr.luld,-Sabler ro tho<br />
dr@t, oa rhh A.L . Prcvioci.l |''.'lrl Codelrio! rhd qdElr. d DJ?dr<br />
ird F ronn .ll &ncrl@rle.'rirt\tr-t ' li6.otrii! ,-: ... :1,<br />
N PM, to nr tt ora6h.rrw,....-=A CooDi.doo dy er !p !!.tr<br />
orrr,-(ioa.dod .r'a'oi!t .ucb .ul!dli...o6c.l| r!0 n.trrld @!t r rwh<br />
rortn opd_, .!d_.d8r.db duti.. ao rlre || l! o.y d..o ffir.rr lor ,tt!<br />
21, Poru toab dht-A Cooolrio. dy E.r. .d- lor 6rrri.s<br />
d! tL. Duttbs ol lbi. A.t, ieludi.r .!L. o! ultor. rd|t<strong>il</strong>R io q<br />
lddt d ritb rt. Dc4nl|do!, b..rioa.!d rld.roin|tlo. of TFrt frcD,<br />
Ed.prtqriod ror Fviio! od or&n Ed..!d.t oir ad :<br />
Pbrirld rhri lh. r.lr o.d. 'trtd.t und{ r!i. ..ctioc ir o.t. of F.dq.t had<br />
Aod.dD rh.u bo $rt .r .o.r!.!d ot rh. Fdanl Oo{fD@!r" .d h<br />
o. ot.ltoviud L.!a CoDtlii.r4 to rt! rgprord of tlo Provi!.<strong>il</strong><br />
22. D.Lsdl6 qifpw!4t) Th hd.d.t Oow.ler E.t rt ut<br />
!a.r dd.l r. .!y ot ia DoFl. or t|rldloo 6dc $L A.r to.at bory ..<br />
f.D! .r 6.tr d6o !..r{.t aor {E DU9a. ot rbir Acr<br />
- (2) A Coooblo! 6ry, rt .nr tlor, !r o'r<strong>il</strong>h.dd i! rtro oficirt<br />
r...rq d.Lt r. .o, o? in ooEo to .Dr otib ocotln B o6e or<br />
Etb.n$d, $bler h rub cordriid i r ror, rr o., b s.cf<strong>il</strong>di, o!<br />
idtlc.hh.<br />
Tt. addlqlaa oJ . tual,jd.-T!. F.da.t Oc*l!!!nr dr,.r<br />
QJ tib.. by nori6nd@ i! ib! o6d.l O&.uo. r!@!.titut. . CoEB'sio.<br />
o conDri, o.t Fno!! $ ir at d. nL |!it rt coodj.do F Ecornirut <strong>il</strong><br />
q|lt. d.!E d lo b.. CoEdl..Io! !!dc r.r{r.Dh 4 or,l-A, at lh. qr.<br />
qt t., drrh. had RdqEr lt rehrio!, li?2.<br />
- 4. Pc.o to bbp.-^ C@6ido! .n tl l.ei.* . .ri or . dd ol<br />
ffi.tFmoto*lHt: *.. th. cooD.eo. .f rtr. Act. if D diBot d<br />
yql';"f&:;r-*-d*#,f."'ifffi ;*.#'T"Hlj<br />
"|a obrGd u!1., rbc Fa&td Golorl6dt .lL.ot. ou.rrt i! . ..|c or da$<br />
- x nttut t d tt tlbt.-lf ur di.ouE q doubl .r1... !t t. lt. .uat<br />
' xop. .r.!y eow or rlr uEld 6 rUcI it .h!U tr .tdcl*lblo bt t
co!!Eh.io4 r!! -rr._1l.t-.trll b. rr.rFd to rb. F.d-rl Od.rD6.d rbr<br />
ddi.ld rh.,!d .i.ll h. tll.<br />
71. PM..dk P.lbtul A.Enw ,-l}'. F.'l.ral Covd<strong>il</strong>Mr @<br />
.t .ny d64 .t ir. own 6orid q inn..w,{q r.k d,aliD6oa. d-;a<br />
trl.. !p |y. codnibion or *ntdr.q ..itr po!'r|nf D.for. . c.6oiri;<br />
d c.ll for r.e i.dde! by ! Cd'dEi\\iod ,n uny r{lbcllv .iDo&4d be :<br />
Coooi.tr'n 'n th<strong>il</strong>hlhqll,.nd Dr! n/.t or/_r xr <strong>il</strong> d.ld.o h fter.{F/ 'ui<br />
rh..rdd ro rts
(4 otttu! |[, Fror b l[. dlctqr d t& 6td.' urlft!.d@r<br />
ltaclb! Aq. or<br />
- (r) oooigor bE b t6 odrlft.n acl a oobio! b d.&d .rt ot<br />
dE ourroaar o[ tbb Aca ot<br />
'-'(/) cor|ny.lor o! tallr ta cotr ly cith |'t olhll<br />
t&<br />
o? rhir<br />
'rori.ior<br />
,n'n b..purifubb wio r;8orou loprLoo.ot lod a tdE sucb ory<br />
;rrod to aFo Frn or witb f..fdtw! ot tlt i6mol$L FoF9 o, eia!<br />
tai!.<br />
a2) A D.noo coovic!.d ot .ut_otrooc Edlt (l) fi.tl h.<br />
d<strong>il</strong>ddrtkd?orn bcins I o.dbcr of ? lttmoll o. I '|rblclon Provocid A|*6blv or<br />
;ib6l G|ctrv. body lod ftodr b6io8 clcdcd rDd obor.o |! .ucb ! [!ll!Dcr<br />
|;oi I Friod o? tv! tcs6 ftod tlE darc of 3!ct cooYbdoo.<br />
(l) Ary Flloo.llritlld ot.nt od.!c. uodlt lubt c.tioo (l)$dlbc<br />
dkl<strong>il</strong>it.d froE b.in8 ! p'rtli: rij...nr Lt ;ttm b.kg rppolorcd 3..uct or<br />
ton-to:diar-sar-oti:r-r,*car'' | ;:. .1"ri{qrof-intdffiv0lv'<br />
hg rotrl t rpiudo h dhqurliErd<br />
11. Cot^lenc. ol .ll.ra.-No Court or ttibu!.l .hdl t.k colDittD.o<br />
ol![ odclcr uEd.r rhir,iict ct.Dt oor tcDolain s.<strong>il</strong>bt ol th! frclr coD3li.<br />
rolirS luch oEcoco, o.dc bt i Pftlic |cr}!ol urdor o.d.r or aqnornt ottbc<br />
F.&nl Gotrmrtrctrt or ! Prodlcid Govorooaol.<br />
35. Xrr.rr.-Tho LNod Rdornr Ordlomlo, l9t? (Il of l97?l it hcrlbJ<br />
np€.Icd.
BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />
Govemot of Iftlia . 1882. ,lel on of he rndidn Fanine CannBri" '1880, t'ndonr E ne<br />
Govemdl of lndi! 1899 x,polt o! the Intllon Fanire Connbttor 1898, Lndonr His<br />
Majdlyt Stalionay Omce<br />
Govl:lmmt of Indi, .1901- rR?Pot of the ttutiL, Fonke Canni$ro' '190'<br />
tlndotr: llis<br />
Maj*ryt StariordY offce<br />
Govl1mdt ol Lldi,^ lgg4 Ini4atiu C@nittion iepon I9OIJ903' bal@t nis<br />
Majotyt Sr.ctiondy Omce<br />
Gov.m.ni of lodi! .1924. R@or1of thc Nonh Wcsl lMli€r lnquirv Comin'€ 0924)'<br />
Boibay| Govemdt C@tral Pr€$<br />
covm.nt of Indi!. 1928. Ro)al Connheion of ASncuhuc in ldit (1928), BomMv:<br />
Gov.m€nt cdtBl Pas<br />
Ru6&! fohr .nd wright, N.C 1939 Rls.lwnght ltl{lirv Repon 1939' Bonbavi<br />
Goi.m6rcatral P6<br />
Cov€mdt of P.kisia!, 1932. RePaa ol th. Pakistan Asrid&urcl Enquir Chmit!@<br />
K@hii Mi stry of !@d ed AStid|nt j<br />
Gov.menr of !Ekisid.l959 Credit Enquiry Cahmissi.t RePo'i Kahchir Meaed<br />
Gov.m.nl of Palistan ?Es<br />
Cov.@dt of Prkbld. t96O R.pon of |nG F@d dd Aelicdtnl Cmni$ion, K.rulri:<br />
Mini3rty ofF@d dd Agicultw<br />
Gov.mot of w6r Palisrr! l g Repon ol !h. Lond Relom cotti$io' l5lmabad:<br />
Minidry of Food ad Agricuhft<br />
Covff41 of Pakbtrn .19?5. Repon of th. ?aldstan Agridltutul Enquiry Conniae<br />
klmab.d: MiDsry of F@d ed ASticlllutc (Agtictntud WinS)<br />
Govem.ni of ?akisrsn.1988. ner'ott ol t^e Nationl Cod^ksid 6 Agricdturc<br />
Islmabid: Mintly oflood ed Agncultlr<br />
Com.nr of TIWFP -1996-.t t ad.hanbet of .onmere ud ind8try Pahawr' ann@t
Covl:lmot of NWFP. |9a2, Arcday of lrtluEiol EsrallishDot Pe$btw srarioldv<br />
ald Prirrira detortmol<br />
cnvl:i@at of laliskrr, Starinic. Dnisi6. l9a3 - P a kit t a n A gri.ulM l stari:tis<br />
M<strong>il</strong>isrry ofloo4 Agrculre !d.o{p..div., Govanndl of Pd(ntar. 1983 P'rur'at<br />
Agn tltu aI Statattid bldtlo.i! Food 6d AgricultuE Division<br />
All Pdisran Commid ExDon At6@iari,on.l996 ygrb E Poa<br />
Pl@ing drd D.v€lopndt Divisiotr, GovdDnc.l ol P*isrd. 1986 hEgoted<br />
Deeetopnat oJ Honi.uttw. tn NVFP hr Expql<br />
Minisiry of F@tl dd ASticulture & Liv.! Slock, Illmabad ed nCA (Pakislan) 2002<br />
S@io-E@nokic Bue Line Sudzt hr Rurdl Aeicultutul Developn^t i^ NWP<br />
covt)m6r of Pskist6. F Br F w ver Plan (195 160). K,fultit Pldnioc Bo.d' 1956)<br />
Civ'roal of Pakind! AgticulMsl C€Buu or8eiz.!on-1961 . 1960 Patittar CeM of<br />
Ag tnlue I'o (t/.tt Paldstat),Y@hi<br />
CnlgMar of Pakklr4 AgiicdtMl Coss OBniation.t9?6. Pakislar CaM of<br />
Asiollfe 192, rihoF<br />
Popurdion Cl:lts O.Seiztior 19f8. Dhttid C64s R.potr of P8hM<br />
Poput ri@ C@s Orgdi"rrid.r998. Dbt/i.t C.M R.Pod tMar.ta'<br />
Populalid C..s Orgdization,1998. Ditdct C.$a AePort ofchiial<br />
PoDulatior Cas O4rniz.lion .199A. Ditti.t Ceaw Repon of SMni<br />
Popularior Cms orSalizati@ .199E. Distti.t CeNw RePon oJ Chadad.l4<br />
Populaii@ C@u Orguizsdon,1998. Dbtti.t CeBa R.Pon ofrohal<br />
Popdation C!.s OrSlnizalion.1998, Distict Cea6 RePo ofBanw<br />
rotllalion C@u oryrniz.tion ,1998, Dittri.t CeNB RePo/t oJ Karot<br />
Popuraiion C@us Orseiz.tion.1998. Dittti.t Ce86 RePotl ofLat*i Matuol<br />
Populadon Ctuu Orgeiz.tion,198, Dishct C.it6 leport otTatu<br />
Popufatior c€cs Orcaniation.1998. Distict CeN6 ReN ofDJ.K\M<br />
lopubtior Cl:Jrs Org&izdi@ .l99A. Dkni.t C.Bis Repbn oJ Abbottabdn<br />
Popuhtion C6E o'g&izarion.199a. Ditdct C.NB R.Pon o[M48ehru<br />
Popolatid C.i's orgEjztion .1998, Dbthct C.ntu R.Pon olshMAlaPar<br />
Popuration CqEu Oryoization.t9s8. Ditnt t CM R.pon of Kohi'tan<br />
?opulation Cds Or8mizrion.,99A. Ditttdc! C.NB RePo.r oIHoiPw<br />
215
Populatioi CdsLe OiSrni?,rid l99a- Dittri.t Centa lePort dsml<br />
Pqdation Ca5s Orga.izariolTgga- Dsti.t C<strong>il</strong>B RePon of Dir<br />
Populadon C@sus orgtli,ltion 1998 D<strong>il</strong>rri.t C^B tePort oftlolal@ntl<br />
Popslatior Ctuu Ogeizarion 799a. Dittri.t CeNw RePon ofRa*<br />
Popul.lion Csus Orymiation l98 D|nltti.t CeNw Report of Bataend<br />
Glv.tmdt of lidir1998. G@ner of lh. P.shaw& distnd (1897-98),L'hoE I Sd8€-<br />
M€.I PublicalioB, (r€Ptinl)<br />
Cnv.mnmt of hdid 199r. In\did eot de.t tlnllid (proi"iat s'tb) Noah wal<br />
F tunr i.r Proi ne, lll,nft Ss]{'-eM..l Publicatiotu' (ft pml)<br />
Gov..mot of ltdial99l, C.z/ta. of the DN htu<strong>il</strong> Kh@ rlitti't (1897'90 r,ltoG :<br />
sans-cMc.t Publicali@, (ePrint<br />
Govemd of Irdi. 1998. Gette€r o! th. Bannu distuct (1897'98)' L'horci S&g-e'M€el<br />
Public!tions,(rcpd$<br />
The Bnglish d.ity Daqr! E6nonic md asind di4 (Jdu{v 24-30' 2005)<br />
Kh&, M.Ayub.2OO6. 'Talling to th. v.!t' in lh. Englisn d'<strong>il</strong>v la'aet P6!sd'<br />
(t8u!ry 1,2006)<br />
St tan .r of M.H Anm4 @.!utv Chima, Plsnjns Comision of P'Iist&) it lbe<br />
PakB n Inet t APnl4 rgl'l<br />
Udn dl<strong>il</strong>y,Marr<strong>il</strong>iq (P6htwr) (leudv 15' 2004)<br />
Rolbim ,.bbs, 'D.v.loPmat nodeb ir SouU Asit' <strong>il</strong> Th' E4lish da<strong>il</strong>v lr'"r' (Ocbbet<br />
1,2@'<br />
Eqlish d.<strong>il</strong>y S,..a'Mr, P6t'*e (Sept nhs 9, 2007)<br />
N.WFP Previncial Arcbiv6 (P6h.wr)<br />
Tribal Rc6.aroh C.ll, , SdialNo.l206, Bundlc No 43<br />
cov@or Sertaiat, S.rial No.26, Budlc No 206<br />
covmor seEldi.t Smd No 8. Bundl. No l<br />
Govtur SeEwiat Sdi.1-No.2'o, B6dlc No 29<br />
216
Govmor Secrclffiat, Sqial No 28, Bundl€ No 4<br />
Govdor S6r.l&is! SdialNo.3l3, Budl. No 16<br />
Cnvm S6r.tdia!, SdialNo 1206, BudlqNo 43<br />
Govmd S6i!tdi!t, Sdid No l, Burdlc No l<br />
AGa!, K @d. R hid, E, 1986 Th. ddg.occ ofa @aU scd€ EnSrnddng Solor Thc<br />
(* of Tub. *.ll podlction h $e P.rjdd ?ujab' "rana' o/ Da'loPnett &taia<br />
vol-23.No.I<br />
Alyi, Hanz!, .19?6. 'Thc rull elite dd .Eticultur:l 'tev'loPnor in l*jstan' in R D<br />
Stdd, H Al.vi sd Bdosi (EdJ' R!'41 D*eloPnat h Bangladsh and PaListo"'<br />
Honolulu: Univ.city !6s ofE.{an<br />
Bu*i, S. J,. ,1976 tte ddclopnot of P*i$d Ag'cdtutq An i €rdi$iPlinary<br />
4plMtion' in Rob€n D S €t al in i@l D*loPndi in Baflglatlesh and Pokistan'<br />
Eonobh: Univ6ity P€s ofHawali<br />
Chddhly,lvr, Gh.fht ald lqbal, Z!te, l98E'RcSionaldisEibutionof'giculturdi@ne<br />
in Palislsnr An intc._tdloral malysi6' in Pokbtan De|elopn^t Rat'w vol *vii'<br />
No. 4 Pln II (wintc.)<br />
------, .1982.'Cr€6 Rdotnlior dd RcdisFibuiior 6f @l in@6q P&tur4 s<br />
qD.ridcc P.krstd D.v€lopnot R.vicw, vol.si No 3 Adnmn<br />
-. .t99n.'Lotur AselMtion unl.t choksi"s technoloa/: sof i'lererce fun<br />
Pa$tan',inPalaxan Developned n4i4 vol29, No 2 sumd<br />
Fal@tr.lv, P. l9?o.'Thc G|q Evolutioni S@nd cdd{ion Pmblm' in <strong>il</strong>tc 'tt@;d<br />
J@l ol ktidlrtat<br />
Econotui6'\o1 52<br />
!alco4w,P, ed Gotsh, C. tl, 1971 lrlen in agricultunl Ddelophol_P'kista4 it c F<br />
lapmek D€v.lopnenl Policv U. thc Pakish speti@c€' USA' Cubiidge M6'<br />
HNdd Univdity PGs<br />
Cols.h, C&1. H, .1976 R.la,tio. b.twd t€ldolos', pnc6 and iMD' disihltion in<br />
P&isr!!' in Rob.rr DS. arl in n"n! DtBlopnat in Bodeladah a'a Paht;t@'<br />
Homhlu: UnimitY PB of Hl*di<br />
247
cniffia Keirh, -19?4. It. Polidcal Eononv of Agicuttur't Chdge'USA' c@bndee<br />
M6: HN{d U.ivdity PEs<br />
-----,.1979.Thc<br />
pol<strong>il</strong>i.al Bcoloiv of aSteis chdeer An casy o' Cto Rcvobnoo'<br />
t ndon M&nitln PGs Lrd<br />
Hsbibzlghah. Sbd.Bagh Ati ed Bhutla'l'ulaDmad Nse 1992 Tt'' utititv ol a<br />
simulatior nodel for P.Iist& Cdd s'€tan prMted 9ll intenadonal wofkhop 'n<br />
Mont. tcllid Frece (Ootoba, 26 to 29)<br />
H, K@e
-----,.1971.'ReelreC.niiibutionbvsutpluslaborinNonhW61Fren1i6R'don' in<br />
rh. Joumol oJ Rwat Ddelopnent ond Public Adninistation, Vol viii' No l'<br />
QuBhi. S,K, .19s5- 'Don€stic tms ofttad. &d Public policv for acricultuF in Pctjsld<br />
inr\e Psti.ta, Dmtopne,t Raie, Vol xxiv, Nos 3 &4 (Autum_Winla)<br />
Shrd,Yosuf Ali, .191,'Ag!icutunl Exldio! ed <strong>il</strong>s t6hDque' in rhe jomal of rturor<br />
Dwlopdit an l Addi^btmtiu, Vol viii,No.l (ttnuary-Meh l9?l)<br />
Sh.tuiyr., .1999- 'An inquiry into the gcn6is dd sio-@noBic inpdtt of le'd rcfon3<br />
i! Palist a ace studvofNwFf inrtpJounal olHMnind and s@idl S'i66<br />
Vol.VII. No. I &2, (M@h_SePinb.r)<br />
singh.sutlwmt, ,1980. AencultMl Dcvclopneni in lhe Puja!(1849_1947)' id thc<br />
loh.lof Regional history\ol l<br />
T.lh., NauE6, .2OO0. 'Agricultudl ddclopn.nt in Mulim Ildia 0900-1947) in thc<br />
Paltutan PqsPediw.RiNlrl, Vot 5, No 2 (D@@ba-Julv 2000) PSC K@hi<br />
Zi. Al ,d.lx .192. AglidltuF @ror dploynot dd ih' fted for ofr fdn dPloF nl<br />
inr\.1$IFP' 'Ih. Pati:tan D@lopnd Rdr'43l:4(wi er)<br />
249
I@tnull.!, Atbrb, .19E9. - Tutt wll trisdid ard 8ta Polution in NWFP (inPrl of<br />
D@ducrivity nd it|cmc didtibulion) Un<strong>il</strong>.d Ki.Sdon: Ddid Livingdd b{itut' of<br />
dds! ddd@m@q Univ6ity of Staddvlvtb Glagow<br />
M. G!!ffs Cbrudluy, .l9Eo. 'Thc Clra Rmtutd 3d it|corc iu.qld<strong>il</strong>idi ldnc<br />
al9incd 4fttcE tu6 Md P*jdo (196G75)' PhD disrlrtioo' Uni@itv of<br />
Wisldn Mtdi@<br />
N.!Em, H!@r Atmd .1960. 'Th. @ndic Stowd of Pdo3rs O947-57)i A ctiric'l<br />
.n|lly in Fltotlea dPrbtidcd Ph D 66t' Ec@nica' TIE Atdid Uri6itv'<br />
A&d. Mu||ntu4 .1975. lzdts i, Pat!'rzr, blrn.bld: Pth$u Acidanv ofsci'occ<br />
ArD.4 S Arbe, . | 980. ftl&ru E@tdr 4rr' Sdt?t, Bdloo: Rtdcdsc .d Kctd<br />
-,<br />
.1970. A ttdtts, lo c@pedi6, / sa4t of No,lh trat F*ud P@i@'<br />
P6lE*e S&hrd C@polivc Union &d Bo.d ofEcommic Equiiv<br />
AlD"4viqd.ld ADjr4Rshi4 .lg8/. Ix. nanac46t o! Patq'tan a@nt 1o]742,<br />
K!.|.hi: Orbrd UtiversitY PBi<br />
AlEf4Arbd. S" .r97. V.i^t dtt @@ia.hane. in rr. rtD.l d@ Knchi: Orronl<br />
Atn!'{Nei .1941. ttdtq R6M otP.iisar, bhoF: Shtltd N@n<br />
l&t,!.SM .t983. E@@ic der.lq^at o/Pat!4t, t lDr.: h$lbhcs UniLd LTD<br />
A.li, Mulenm4 .19?3. 'F ontid mirrdion lo lldultid .@ itr w6l P.lid!d: A ce<br />
5nrdy of tarDon y nig.lion with r.tun flo* of tunds' Uipublith'd PhL<br />
disbioo, W.6hin8!on St lc Univ.r.ity<br />
Ali&rl4 .19E9. n Pajab u.td Adish idP€ic'lbn ,88,J9r7 Dclhi: Orfod<br />
Ali, Kimsr (cd), .f 9S2. Pottisan n Pol @l E@M, o! R@l DeloPMt lll$r':<br />
vesuad B@r (h^) ttd<br />
Ar!!3,A.(.d), ,1996, Pakxtun Agidlwal EMis' Idu$.d: Ntti@d Bet<br />
A'j'- Y,t1li,4, .rqao. Mttu of D.EroPn;t plMi"s ii Nonh W6t Frcrtiq Ptutire'<br />
P6h.we Indritui. ofDrElopoc SMic4 Agicul<strong>il</strong>litl U.ivqfiv ofPdltrw<br />
29
Bala, Lal, .19?8. N.llF.P admkistmtion under Blitith Rule 1901-1919'<br />
'slffiabtn:<br />
Nation.l comission on Hisbncal sd cultDl Rc;mh<br />
B€chi, Amit€ Kw&, .7982 The Politi.al E@nonr ol undq ddeloPnent' l^ndonl<br />
Cmbride€ UnivditY ?te$<br />
Bawmy, E.A.,19?0. Revoluiondy Strategy lor National Ddclopmcnt, K@hi; Mslin<br />
news I eMtioMl<br />
Beg Mohmad lbralim, 1969 The E.ononis ol F@h laits in NW Rqin<br />
P€shawd: B@d ofEcononic E quiry<br />
.19?1, Mdhsiatiod of agri.ultw i. I'IWFP. Ilst<strong>il</strong>ut' of D'v'topnmr<br />
E@nomici Agri.ultursl Univdny of Pesh.wd<br />
Btuger, Ctrisloph* dd n!di, Ab rl, 1962 Land fagn'rtation 'nd siz' of ag'idltual<br />
hotding in the Ituer N /FP, !6hiw& tEt<strong>il</strong>utc of Dd€lopndt Studies'<br />
Agrislt@ UniYcBitY of P.sh.we<br />
B6}!.,F.L.1934, The RdDking olv<strong>il</strong>lagc in lndi., ,Allabrd, tI' Piond pB<br />
Ch&dhry Munmad A5ld! .1989. Agri.ultunl Ddclopmml md Public Polici6 w<strong>il</strong>h<br />
speisl efeI!@ lo Btlshist r, PhD Dis T@plc Univd<strong>il</strong>v, U S A<br />
Op lr".y, M.A od &bnf, M.M, .1981. At E@lonic A$ltsis of l*l And SElcl!rc<br />
Of lrrigali@ Wdd Ch..Sps" IslMlbad: P.tista. hsriturc of DwcloPbot<br />
Ch<strong>il</strong>hri, An*a Fe<strong>il</strong>, ]J.AS Ag,icltlwdl d*Lprent probl$ oJ Paldstdn' P6}N*:<br />
Bal@! hrblshing noe.<br />
Davidcoli4 .l9?t. ftc Pbblm of Nodn W.n Fontiq Prcvi.@ l'ndor Cl@8 PB<br />
Davi4 Difchd, .1907. me Norh vst Frontier Pawnre o/ West Patt!;tan A )tudr ti<br />
rtgto&t Eeogophy, Oxfotd: Oxfod UDivd<strong>il</strong>v PGs<br />
Doui€, Jm6 M., .|981. Ilt S.ttlan.nt Meual. Lohorci Monsoo' Book Houe<br />
Hztib,rfs\ me asatian Estem o! Mughat tndia /JdJ-lZ0ZBombav: Asia Publishios<br />
H^q, nls d, ,7988. Agndlur,l Finat@ in Pakht4nKdehi: Rovtl B@k Conpdv<br />
IJ6N, Pflan, -l99a.E onont ot the ds t@dt pott Poli'i8 and f"ture inpennva<br />
K@hi: O*ford Urivdiiy Pca<br />
251
Huo.Majid (€d.), .1994- Agricullw G.oSraphv Nd Delli: Amol public'tion! Fa'<br />
Lrd<br />
fqbal, Sahib. dd Ad,ns, John, Exports,lgll Politics ahd E donic tlewloPndt in<br />
P,/cJr,', LdoE: Vdglatd B@*s (Pvr) Ltd<br />
t!&hndonal a.yclop€dia of tl|e sid $idc volmc a<br />
Kddd. S.rg€i, -1985- Ite renmic Gtuwh ofP.kitta"'I'*nE: Vu\s@4<br />
K!dr, SnAhirl., .1987. ?r. Porri ul Eeonony ol Pdljltal'Il\orc: PrcgBi!. Publishd<br />
Klro, Mohmad Anws, 2000 n. Rot. ol NWP i, Freedom SttueAle lah@:<br />
Res@n Society of Pakislan, Uf,iv€siiy of Punjab<br />
Khd, Mdmmd Easr .1981. Ilnder D.reloPnqt ohd A{an'n in Pakistdn'<br />
'|ruture<br />
Lahor€: Vdgwd B@k (ha) Lid<br />
-----..---, .2006- Asndltr/al in Paktuton, chanEs and p/oC6sl947'200t, l*6"<br />
vesu{d Bmts (P!r) Ld<br />
----..--, .r9t6. the E @odt oJ Cfta Reeolution in PaListan. Nw Yorkr P@86<br />
Publis\6<br />
-*-,.l99a.<br />
(F^) rrd<br />
Rurut Delopndt and Publi. Poli." h Pakxtar, kltoF: VanSr.rd B@t<br />
Xnr4 Muhmad Anna4 -1980. Land ond T.nancv rcJo^ in /VttlaP P6lEw& Istlul'<br />
ofDevelopnat SMi.!, ASnoll@ Univ.6iiy of P.!h!wd<br />
Kne, Jebrz, .1986. Restu/e b8e a E ononi. Ptugrtts<br />
of MalaLan! Div<strong>il</strong>id'<br />
P6haw&: tElitute ofDevelopmcnl Sludi6, Agriclliw Ulivmitv P€shaw&<br />
:{Jdt\Rju A,, .1994. Or* i* ofNVFP,4gri.u|ure,Pesh6*a: NESPAK-OPCV<br />
Khalid, A,K., .198. ft€ Agrdid Hi$ory of Pakht n, Laloter allied pBs llt Lld<br />
KhNr@n zubaida. .1968, ./,rr,tutional .8/ifulturol .t.dit in the latua<br />
NWP l.*Nt:<br />
Bo&d ofsdmi. oquiry, Univ.6<strong>il</strong>y of Fehawd<br />
Mrddisn, Ancrrt .r97r. Clas structur€ dd Econonic gF*lij' (l,.lia Md Patisan sire<br />
M!g/'o&r, btrdor: Gdrge Alld &d Unwin LTD<br />
M<strong>il</strong>4 H. wcn !!L -r89?.7h.Pathan rctoltt i" Notlh w6t l"dit L2!oE: sang-EMel<br />
M@ona C. B. 1966. Aglcultual Prchlds of Indi!" Allabad: KiLb Mrn r<br />
252
Me<strong>il</strong> Muhtnfld lqbd, I9E9. kn@I'ml K., i,Pat h NtrFP (t947'196E)Pestwtl<br />
Irstituc ofD.rtlopnal Sndi.., Agricult@ Unimitv of P..trwd<br />
M.:d4 t\tl]n!',.l97o. t t&tdalranon ol NtrFP larsst Bord of Epnmic F4![y<br />
Mi.a M. NEir.nd AfJ.f.lt Sr,y.dtzi\ 'r9p2. Of'lam Wane in th' ttodl tY41<br />
F@ti.r P@i@ 4,f P4lUtl4t, (KrrhD.!du: IltcElton'l Catq for Incetdld<br />
ModtdnDcv€lolns (IcMoD)<br />
Mie ,NNf ldcn, .lglo Agiab@l E@oav of ,,NWP' P6l4& I!6dnrlc of<br />
Datlo?mol Econoniq, Agticulnftl Univ6ity of Pdhuu<br />
Mha Ob.idulld.,!4 .19?9. Th. P6r.w v.llcy di $. e.Mica .d d4tloPlEt or<br />
ihporllrt 6!p.. Ch!6.dd!: Gh{i Sld Print F<br />
.--, .19??. D.<strong>il</strong>(|y Kit Cth Hli G&n y F Shllt HMy T* ( Utdu) C!r!d&:<br />
chdi 36 Pr<strong>il</strong>tc.s<br />
Mo6.ud-DiE, SF4 .1978. &@di. Anoltth o! tt NrfFP Msd 1970'?l tol977'78<br />
P6h!$s Bonrl of E omi. Enqoiry, Univdity of P6hw<br />
.1980. EMic A,olytit of tl6 wFP bvle.t 197&79 to197940 P*t att:<br />
Bo.d of romnic Ettquiry, Univssity ofP.thtws<br />
-, ....._-. .l9Ee Agncu.ltu,l Eenon, ol Dt.Kh@ (947'l9A) Pcl.tw& lt''iinft ot<br />
D.v.lopnat Sfudic* ASri@ltr Univdity of P6har<br />
N.qvi, Sy.d N.e.b g.idd KhlL MdD@d H.e .d Chodhtv, M. Ohrfra' 1989.<br />
Awtua! cl@rye i, Pare'm t,.tudrr,uE, Isllmb.d: PIDE<br />
Nrbi, Ijs Hmi4Nsv..d &d Z.*nd,StdJi.id. 9a6.Ih. .gtuti@ E@nMr of Pali$tan<br />
(itn@ an t poli.ia), K,@fi: Or fdd Univc6ity Pr63<br />
N.qvi, Sy.d Ntwib Htda, Krnli{.tntood H.5!.d.nd Ch&dtrrv'tr{. Chllra' 1989.<br />
Strwtur.t chsg6 in P.Li.trnt r{sricuh@. kl!ub.d: P.tid& I!.riorr. of<br />
D.vclo@ot E omdis<br />
N|gI. S. M., .1981. Uda dqclopmo! povalv |dd incqu.litv in P.t<strong>il</strong>dr kl|ot!:<br />
Vlr8lrd Publirhd<br />
Nictob, Robcrr ,2OOl, S.dli!8 th. FMtid lsd, trw nd S@ictv in lhc P6hda Vdl.y.<br />
l5oc | 900 Krn hi: O(for{ Univc6<strong>il</strong>y Ptt35<br />
NoDr, olnd,.lgEE. Itr Polli@/ E@ony ofParttan,l^non:KPl
, .19AA. Pakistan politi@l ah.l E onfuic Histo., sine 1947, N.w Yot*r KcSrn<br />
N<strong>il</strong>ry,l6li., ,1n2. nE Green Revolution in Pokittdt; inqlications for Pak<strong>il</strong>h, {N*<br />
Yorkr k&g.r Publish€c Inc.<br />
Obh6!, D. C,, .19$. Tn Evolulion of Nonh W6l Fnrtiq Prcviee, PdhaPd: Sred<br />
Paetbn furiculhrrl Rl:|!,(4h Cow<strong>il</strong>l, .198/, Pdki.ton &.i@ttue - a PeBPecr<strong>il</strong>e<br />
QriyM, Abdul, .1945. cold dd Gus of lh. P.thd l@tia,Bonb.v: tlind Kirb<br />
Puhlish6<br />
Saqib, Ihsu UIarL .192. Ihe Hisiory of Indo Plkist n si@e 1526, Lanoe Dogd<br />
Sryad. Khalid 8,, .1980. P,n.r in Pdiittani me nature anA dn%tid of chanee,llry<br />
to*: ft&epr Ptiblish@<br />
Sh.L Std Waq& Ari, , | 999, Elhliciiy, IslM ed natiotr lis, MElim politis in lhc Nonh<br />
w6t Frentid Prcvircd 193?-47), K,@hi: Orford univ*ity PI6<br />
Siddiqi, A. Jmel, .1973. Agridhn"l Ert tuion Sdicd iD NWFP, Pehtwd lo.d of<br />
E@nomic Enquiry<br />
-----,.\980.<br />
A Rditu ofR ldlD*lopnont Pt ruN (1857-1980), hl6db.d: t cd<br />
govcm€ni dd Rul D€v.lopncni winS<br />
Spain, Jmcs W., ,1963. Thc PathD bord6 lsd, K@hi: Iodu6 PublicltioN<br />
Tlru, Pddz rd Ralim, lazal-v (d.), .2007. Cetebiti6 oJ NWP votM. t and I,<br />
P3!isr& Study Cenrd Univdiry ofP6hlwu<br />
aidi, S Albbu, .199- rrl'u ir PaLittan t EcuMy,K{a.!j: Oxford Univftiry PB<br />
z.ndi, z.H. (.n-:), -1947- Jir8n pal.d, (P&tt& in th. naring) fi^t si6 vol ii, (3-10<br />
Almad, Khal<strong>il</strong>, Ex-D.m lmlty of ASrculture Gonal Uriv4<strong>il</strong>y Ded Isma<strong>il</strong> KhD,<br />
Pc6on.l int dis d.red 30.2.2005<br />
251
Gand4u, I tslulla! Ex'Dir61or A8rdltu', Dd tlm<strong>il</strong> Khd' Pdml intdvi4 daLd<br />
15.5.2004<br />
Cud4u.Fttchulla\ Engii.ft PNntl intcdicw ddcd 20 7 2000<br />
Kh.4 Sajfullth, Dn@tor Cd@l Agricult!61 Extosio!! Peshawd P@nd inidi€w<br />
dltcd 6.8 200?<br />
Kha4 Muldmad Anma4 Ex_Dn@b' IBt<strong>il</strong>ui' of Ddelopmat Studi6' Agicultu6l<br />
Univd<strong>il</strong>y, P6b4ws, P6oMl inledis datad 12 5 200s<br />
. Kn 4 Nsa!, Ex'Dn*ior Goral Agriclltuttl R6teh (Tdntb Inst<strong>il</strong>ut')' P6htwe'<br />
P@n.l <strong>il</strong>lcflid dnaql 13.3 2003<br />
Klaa Mohlmrd Qsim, D@ F&lltv of AEi@ltm com'l univditv D@ lnna<strong>il</strong><br />
Khe, Pc@ml itlrwiew dared 20.? 2007<br />
MNat, Himyatullah Assiale lrcfes$!, Itutiiule ol Devetopnol St{dits' Agncd$nl<br />
Univ.6ity, Pdhlwd, Peetulinlewic\n dai'd 11 4i2004<br />
, MN.t, Yound Khrit, Ex_Chi€fwAPDA, p'son't i wiw &t€d2005<br />
M@a! Nsn-ud'Dia DFtor Cdcnl ASricull!61 (TdDb bstitut4' Psh'ws P@d!<br />
i did d.Ld 'l.5 2oo?<br />
Nud Islm, Mid Ex-Di.eror lNlit ' of D€v'topndr Ecommica' futicuhnal<br />
univeFitv, reshaw, P@dl int'flifl dai'd 3 2 2003<br />
255