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J. GRAF, T. KUES, C. MATTOGNO, SOBIBÓR 287 In the preceding chapter we have noted that the Sobibór camp could not have lacked an delousing facility with baths, if only to protect the health of the German and Ukrainian personnel. Such a sanitary installation, however, is not found on any map drawn by former detainees or SS men. It was probably located in the hut labeled Object E by Kola, in which toilet articles were found. 871 Jan Piwonski relates that an SS man addressed the crowd at the camp stating that “now you have arrived at Sobibór, this is a transit station; so now, you are going to pass through a series of high pressure sanitary systems, you will then be directed to areas where you will set yourselves up permanently and work,” 872 which reminds us of an installation for the production of steam used for disinfection and/or disinfestation. In any case, it is a known fact that real showers and disinfestation facilities were claimed by Holocaust propaganda immediately after the war to have been merely fictitious installations designed to fool the victims. It is hard to believe that Richard David Breitman would write as late as 1991: 873 “At Majdanek, Globocnik’s realm, a large quantity of installations have been saved from destruction. The building which housed the gas chambers still exists – with its outside inscription Entrance to baths, and one can see the showers and pipes which were not put in to supply water but to fool the victims.” If a famous historian could have gone as far as that, what can we expect from ordinary deportees? A similar account of the function of Sobibór was given by Judith Eliazer in her testimony at Rotterdam on 5 February 1946, in which she said: 874 “On 10 March 1943 we went directly from Westerbork to Sobibór, where we arrived on 13 or 15 March. There we were selected. Thirty girls and 44 men were taken out. The remainder were gassed and burned. (We have seen that the others were moved away in tilting trolleys. They may have been dumped into pits.) Sobibór was not a camp. It was a transit camp.” (Emph. added) 871 Cf. chapter 5.4.2.5., p. 157. 872 Emph. added. J. Piwonski, op. cit. (note 221). 873 R.D. Breitman, Himmler. Il burocrate dello sterminio, Mondadori, Milano 1991, p. 318. 874 ROD [Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie, Amsterdam], 200AR-Z251/59 0V, p. 904.
288 J. GRAF, T. KUES, C. MATTOGNO, SOBIBÓR The witness was subsequently transferred to Lublin (Majdanek), Mileow, Trawniki, Lublin, Auschwitz, Birkenau, Bergen-Belsen, Buchenwald, Lippstadt bei Hannover, Kaunitz, before finally returning to Holland. At Sobibór she saw neither gas chambers nor cremations, hence only the function of a transit camp agrees with her actual experience. We know that the extremely few German documents to have survived on the subject of Sobibór designate it precisely as a transit camp. On 5 July 1943 Himmler sent the following letter to SS-WVHA and seven other SS offices: 875 “1. The Sobibór transit camp in the Lublin district is to be converted into a concentration camp. In the concentration camp a workshop for the defusing of enemy munitions is to be set up. 2. All Higher SS and Police Chiefs are requested to deliver there any enemy munitions to the extent that they are not needed for seized enemy ordnance. 3. Any metals, but most of all the explosive powder, are to be carefully reclaimed. 4. Simultaneously, a production site for our own multiple launchers and/or for other munitions is to be built.” On 15 July Oswald Pohl, head of SS-WVHA, replied with the following letter having the subject heading “Transit Camp Sobibór:” 876 “Reichsführer! According to your above instructions, the Sobibór transit camp in the Lublin district is to be converted into a concentration camp. I have discussed this with SS-Gruppenführer Globocnik. Both of us propose to abandon this conversion, as the purpose intended, viz. to set up at Sobibór an installation for the defusing of enemy munitions, can be realized without such a conversion. All other points of the above instructions can stay unchanged. I request your approval which is only of importance for Gruppenführer Globoccnik [sic] and myself.” Himmler’s personal assistant, Rudolf Brandt, replied on 24 July: 877 “The Reichsführer SS agrees to the proposal [made] by you and SS-Gruppenführer Globocnik concerning the maintenance of the Sobibór transit camp in the Lublin district in its present state, as the desired objective can be attained in this manner.” 875 Der Reichsführer SS. Feld-Kommandostelle, den 5. Juli 1943. NO-482. 876 SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt, Berlin, 15. Juli 1943. NO-482. 877 J. Schelvis, op. cit. (note 70), p. 174.
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