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J. GRAF, T. KUES, C. MATTOGNO, <strong>SOBIBÓR</strong> 249 that, “as a further possible solution and with the appropriate prior authorization by the Führer, emigration has now been replaced by evacuation to the East.” Heydrich was therefore in actual fact “the chief planner of the final solution in Europe,” but this term, in actual fact, designated the evacuation of the Jews from Europe, i.e. from the area of the General Government. The following order given by Himmler to the higher SS and police leader in the General Government Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger must be seen in this light: 729 “I decree that the resettlement of the total Jewish population of the General Government must be implemented and terminated by 31 December 1942. On 31 December 1942 no persons of Jewish descent must any longer be present in the General Government unless they are held in the collection camps at Warsaw, Cracow, Chenstohova, Radom, Lublin. All other work projects employing Jewish labor must be terminated by that date, or, if their termination is impossible, must be assigned to one of the collection camps. These measures are required to assure the ethnic separation of races and peoples in Europe as well as in the interest of the securitty and purity of the German Reich and its region of interest.” The well-known letter written by the engineer Albert Ganzenmüller to SS-Obergruppenführer Karl Wolff, Himmler’s assistant, is part of this framework: 730 “Since 22 July there has been a daily train with 5,000 Jews from Warsaw via Malkinia to Treblinka, plus twice a week a train with 5,000 Jews from Przemysl to Be��ec. Gedob [731] is in permanent contact with the Cracow security service. The latter has agreed to stop the trains from Warsaw via Lublin to Sobibór (near Lublin) as long as the revamping of this line renders these transports impossible (until about October of 1942).” This was actually a “population movement” (Bevölkerungsbewegung), as Wolff wrote in his reply dated 13 August 1942. 730 The choice of Heydrich’s first name “Reinhardt” in this context thus indicates the continuity of the task entrusted to him by Göring in 1939 and extended in 1941, viz. to resolve “the Jewish question by means of emigration or 729 NO-5574. 730 NO-2207. Facsimile in J. Schelvis, op. cit. (note 70), p. 58. 731 Gesellschaft der Ostbahn, the German railway agency.
250 J. GRAF, T. KUES, C. MATTOGNO, <strong>SOBIBÓR</strong> evacuation.” It follows that Aktion Reinhardt in its main aspect, “resettlement” (Aussiedlung), was nothing but the implementation of this task. And the executor Globocnik acted in his quality of commissioner for the installation of SS and police agencies in the new eastern region. This is borne out, moreover, by the fact that the resettlement entrusted to Globocnik was not limited to Jews, but comprised Poles and Ukrainians as well, as we can see from three documents relative to Aktion Reinhardt, assembled in the document file PS-4024: “measures for the conciliation of the foreign ethnicities in the case of resettlement,” 732 “measures for further resettlement,” 733 and the “note” of 1 st July 1943, which described the operation “Werwolf 1” targeting the evacuations from an area surrounding the German settlement area in the Lublin district and the creation of a protective belt of Ukrainian settlements. 734 In this respect Himmler gave specific directives two days later, which also mentioned the operation Werwolf. 735 The report written by SS-Hauptsturmführer Helmut Müller of the Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt (Main Office for Race and Settlement) on 15 October 1941 to the head of this office, SS-Gruppenführer Otto Hofmann, documents that Globocnik was entertaining grandiose plans of resettlement, which had brought him into trouble with the local authorities. He dreamed of cleansing the General Government of Jews and Poles and of creating a territory for German settlements in the Lublin district with Himmler’s approval. 736 Even then Globocnik acted in his role as commissioner for the installation of SS and police agencies in the new eastern region, not as the man in charge of an extermination of the Jews. 732 “Maßnahmen zur Beruhigung der Fremdvölkischen bei der Umsiedlung,” PS-4024, IMT, vol. XXXIV, pp. 63-65. 733 “Maßnahmen für die weitere Umsiedlung,” ibid., pp. 65f. 734 Ibid., pp. 66-68. 735 Letter from Himmler to Frank dated 3 July 1943. NO-2444. 736 NO-5875.
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