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J. GRAF, T. KUES, C. MATTOGNO, <strong>SOBIBÓR</strong> 199 On 25 July, Frank reiterated that the Führer had decided to deport the Jews “as soon as overseas transportation permits the deportation of the Jews.” 580 In October of 1940, Alfred Rosenberg wrote an article entitled “Jews on Madagascar,” in which he reminded his readers that as early as the anti-Jewish congress at Budapest in 1927 “[…] the question of a future removal of the Jews from Europe [was] discussed, and here, for the first time, the proposal was made to promote Madagascar as the intended homestead of the Jews.” Rosenberg himself endorsed this idea and expressed his wish for the Jewish “circles of high finance” in Britain and the USA to help with the creation of a Jewish reservation on Madagascar, something which constituted a world-wide problem. 581 At a meeting dedicated to the topic “The Jewish question as a worldwide problem,” which took place on 29 March 1941, Rosenberg declared: 582 “For Germany, the Jewish question can only be considered solved when the last Jew has left the Greater German space.” Among other things in this connection, he mentioned a “Jewish reservation,” which apparently was to be located on Madagascar, even if he did not explicitly say so. According to statements by Moritz von Schirmeister, a former official in the ministry of propaganda, Joseph Goebbels himself spoke about the Madagascar plan in public on several occasions, 583 and Ribbentrop recalled the Führer’s decision to deport the European Jews to North Africa or Madagascar. 584 The deportation of the European Jews to Madagascar was not a fictitious plan, but a real and concrete project. It was elaborated a few weeks after the armistice in France (22 June 1940), when a peace treaty involving the French surrender of Madagascar to Germany was being mulled over and, above all, when the end of the war was thought to be imminent. The protraction of the war prevented the implementation of this project. 580 Ibid., p. 405. 581 Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine, Paris (subsequently quoted as CDJC), CXLVI-51, pp. 4, 7, 9. 582 CDJC, CXLVI-23, p. 66 and 82. 583 IMT, vol. XVII, p. 250. 584 IMT, vol. X, p. 398.
200 J. GRAF, T. KUES, C. MATTOGNO, <strong>SOBIBÓR</strong> Alongside these developments, the Reich administration continued to promote energetically the Jewish emigration, primarily from Germany. On 20 May 1941 Reinhardt Heydrich stopped all emigration of Jews from France as well as Belgium “in view of the final solution of the Jewish question, no doubt about to be realized.” 585 He obviously expected the imminent implementation of the Madagascar plan. Still, Heydrich reiterated the central tenet of NS policy toward the Jews: 585 “In accordance with an instruction emanating from the Reich Marshall of the Greater German Reich [Göring], the emigration of Jews from the Reich territory including the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia is to be implemented actively, even under the present state of war, within the conditions prevailing and taking into account the directives for the emigration of the Jews.” Then Heydrich goes on to explain in no uncertain terms the reasons for his having prohibited the emigration of Jews from France and Belgium: 585 “As the Jews on the territory of the Reich, for example, have only a limited choice of departure [routes], mainly via Spain and Portugal, an emigration of Jews from France and Belgium would further reduce these possibilities.” Two months later, on 31 st July, Göring entrusted Heydrich with the task of undertaking all necessary preparations for the “Endlösung” (final solution), i.e. emigration or evacuation to Madagascar of all Jews within the German sway. In the letter, Göring said: 586 “In addition to the task already entrusted to you by the decree of 14 January 1939, viz. to bring about an optimum solution to the Jewish question by emigration or evacuation in accordance with the conditions prevailing, I order you herewith to undertake all necessary preparations – organizational, administrative, and material – for a comprehensive solution of the Jewish question within the German sphere of influence in Europe. To the extent that the competence of other central agencies is concerned thereby, the latter are [to be requested] to participate. I order you furthermore to submit to me in the near future a comprehensive proposal concerning the organizational, administrative, 585 NG-3104. The letter is signed by Walter Schellenberg representing Heydrich. 586 NG-2586-E. PS-710.
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