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J. GRAF, T. KUES, C. MATTOGNO, <strong>SOBIBÓR</strong> 195 drich’s proposal: it was necessary to move the Jews abroad by all means available. Interior minister Wilhelm Frick stressed that the objective should be to bring about the emigration of the maximum possible number of Jews. 562 On 24 January 1939, after having received Heydrich’s proposal, Göring issued a decree approving the establishment of a Reichszentrale für jüdische Auswanderung (Imperial Center for Jewish Emigration), which was inaugurated in Berlin on 11 February. It was to put into practice the core idea of National-Socialist policy towards the Jews: “The emigration of the Jews from Germany must be promoted by all available means.” The task of the new office was, in fact, “to take all measures necessary for the preparation of an increased emigration of the Jews,” to further, preferentially, the emigration of poor Jews and, where necessary, to ease the bureaucratic practices in individual cases. Göring made Heydrich the head of this office. 563 A report of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs dated 25 January 1939, entitled “The Jewish question as a factor of foreign policy in 1938,” stresses unequivocally: 564 “The ultimate goal of German policy towards the Jews is the emigration of all Jews residing on the territory of the Reich.” Following the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Eichmann – meanwhile promoted to the rank of Hauptsturmführer – was ordered on 15 July 1939 by Heydrich to establish a Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung (Center for Jewish Emigration) in Prague as well. The founding act defines its objective as “the promotion and accelerated realization of the emigration from Bohemia and Moravia.” 565 This Jewish emigration program encountered an unexpected obstacle in the undisguised anti-Jewish attitude of the great democracies which, while decrying vociferously the persecutions of the Reich’s Jews, refused to shelter the victims. In his speech of 30 January 1939, the Führer declared: 566 “We are witnessing today the shameful spectacle of the whole democratic world shedding bitter tears, but remaining solidly hard- 562 PS-1816, pp. 47, 55f. 563 NG-2586-A. 564 PS-3358. 565 Hans G. Adler, Der Kampf gegen die “Endlösung der Judenfrage,” Bundeszentrale für Heimatdienst, Bonn 1958, p. 8. 566 Max Domarus, Hitlers Reden und Proklamationen 1932-1945, vol. II, first half, R. Löwit, Wiesbaden 1973, p. 1056.
196 J. GRAF, T. KUES, C. MATTOGNO, <strong>SOBIBÓR</strong> hearted toward the sufferings of the poor Jewish people at a time when it is their obvious duty to help.” Hitler was alluding to the failure of the Evian conference, held from 6 to 15 July 1938 at the famous French spa. It had been convened at the suggestion of U.S. President Roosevelt and was to provide help for the victims of National-Socialist persecutions, primarily the Jews. But right from the beginning the good intentions of the U.S. President appeared dubious, as we hear from the Jewish historian Michael Mazor: 567 “At his press conference in Warm Springs, President Roosevelt had already limited the possibilities for Evian by saying that no revisions or increases in the immigration quotas of the United States were planned in this respect. In the invitations to the conference sent to 33 countries, Roosevelt had underlined that it was not expected of any country to accept more immigrants than were presently scheduled by its laws.” On such a basis, the Evian conference was doomed from the start. The result was that “the free world abandoned the Jews of Germany and Austria to their merciless fate.” 567 On 25 November 1939 Ehrhard Wetzel and Gerhard Hecht, officials concerned with racial policy, penned a memorandum entitled “The question of the treatment of the formerly Polish territories from the point of view of racial policy,” which constituted a first draft of the future “Generalplan Ost.” It contained, i.a., a plan for the resettlement of “some 800,000 Jews from the Reich (Altreich, Austria, Sudetenland, and Protectorate)” into the occupied Polish territories and of “another 530,000 Jews” from the formerly Polish territories now incorporated into the Reich. 568 The destination of these deportees was undoubtedly the General Government, which had been set up officially on 12 October. The plan followed directives by Heydrich, addressed by express letter to all heads of Einsatzgruppen, on the subject of the “Jewish question in the occupied territories” dated 21 September 1939. 569 One of these directives, the Nisko 570 plan, suggested the creation of a Jewish reservation in east- 567 M. Mazor, “Il y a trente ans: La Conférence d’Evian,” in: Le Monde Juif, No. 50, April- June 1968, pp. 23 and 25. 568 “Die Frage der Behandlung der Bevölkerung der ehemaligen polnischen Gebietes nach rassenpolitischen Gesichtpunkte,” PS-660, p. 25. 569 PS-3363. 570 Between 20 October 1939 and 12 March 1941, 6,615 Jews from Austria were taken to Nisko and other towns in the General Government. Cf. chapter 9.4., p. 316.
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