Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment
Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment
* ends 4.1 Air 4. I. 1 Climatology 4.1.1.1 Type 4.0 BASELINE DATA The Krasnodar Territory is affected by the transformed air mass of the Atlantic and air inflow from the Mediterranean area. General atmospheric circulation is substantially affected by the proximity of the Black Sea and ridges of the Great Caucasus Mountains. Formation of the climate of the region described is affected by circulation processes of the southern zone of the moderate latitudes. The air mass affecting the climate can differ by physical properties and origination. The territory is accessible for intrusion of the cold air mass from the Arctic. The marine air mass comes from the Atlantic, with regular air intrusions from Kazakhstan. Recurrence of the continental air in the area is 60-70 % in summer and 80 % and greater in winter. The climate formation is greatly affected by the relief which causes transformation of the air mass circulation. The system of mountain ridges of the Great Caucasus, glens and depressions create complicated air circulation within the system. Mountain glen air circulation is pronounced during the warm period of the year due to thermal heterogeneity of glens and slopes. In the piedmont zone the cold air mass is checked and stationed, and atmospheric fronts are often actuated in front of orographic obstacles. The latitudinal circulation prevails all-year round. Winter atmospheric circulation is determined by interaction of the Black Sea depression and the ridge of the Asian anticyclone and characterized by frequent alteration of colds and thaws, drizzles and icing phenomena. During inflows of cold the absolute minimum temperature can go as low as -36OC -38OC, while maximum temperature during thaws can go as high as 18OC to 20°C. Snow fall is not observed every year. Usually, the winter begins in December and ends in February. In spring, air temperature increases quickly due to lower cyclones' activity accompanied by intensive thaws. As a rule, the spring is short, intensive, sunny; usually, it begins in March and late in April or early in May. PAGE 4-1
The summer is hot and long (it begins in May and ends in September). Absolute maximum air temperature can be as high as 40°C to 45OC. Rain showers, thunderstorms and hails are frequent; occasionally dust storms occur, but low cloudiness sunny weather prevails. The fall is also long and warm (it begins late in September and ends early in December). The first half of the fall is dry and sunny, the second half is rainy with icing phenomena, fogs and generally overcast conditions. 4.1.1.2 Annual and Monthly Radiation Balance Solar radiation and radiation balance at the Krasnodar GRES site are summarized in Table 4.1 according to the meteorological station of the town of Sochi for the areas located in the vicinity of the Krasnodar GRES site (i.e. Perepravnaya and Gubskaya) . Months I 11 Ill IV V VI VII Vlll I X X XI XI1 Year Table 4.1 Perepravnaya and Gubskaya Sites ( met/stn of Sochi) 1.5 2.3 3.7 5.2 8.2 11.0 11.7 10.9 7.4 5.0 2.5 1.4 70.8 Radiation Amount (Kcallcm2) Radiation Direct Dispersed Total Balance ( Kcal/cm2) 1.7 2.5 3.6 4.9 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.1 3.9 3.3 2.2 1.6 47.2 3.2 4.8 7.3 10.1 14.4 17.1 17.8 16.0 11.3 8.3 4.7 3 .O 1 18.0 0.4 0.8 3.2 4.9 7.6 9.9 10.3 8.2 5.1 2.8 0.8 0.1 54.1 Duration of Solar Shining (Hours) 84 98 128 158 223 283 313 305 252 1 94 121 94 2253 PAGE 4-2
- Page 7 and 8: 4.4.2 Land Owners .................
- Page 9 and 10: ....................... ....... 5.2
- Page 11 and 12: 9.3 Continuous Monitoring of Emissi
- Page 13 and 14: e I. 1 Introduction 1.0 EXECUTIVE S
- Page 15 and 16: operation of the Krasnodar GRES fac
- Page 17 and 18: e plant staffing structure. Departm
- Page 19 and 20: e Plant Sewage Discharge - Potentia
- Page 21 and 22: The off-site air monitoring station
- Page 23 and 24: In addition, the plant electric tra
- Page 25 and 26: @ In addition, several public meeti
- Page 27 and 28: @ Training facilities should be ins
- Page 29 and 30: 2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIV
- Page 31 and 32: 2.1.1 EIA Preparation, Review, and
- Page 33 and 34: e Regulations by the Russian Federa
- Page 35 and 36: * and 2.2.3 Occupational Health and
- Page 37 and 38: electromagnetic field intensities b
- Page 39 and 40: PH Contaminant or Parameter BOD Hea
- Page 41 and 42: TABLE 2.6 Electromagnetic Field Int
- Page 43 and 44: negligence or non-negligence; degre
- Page 45 and 46: e Odessa Declaration on the Black S
- Page 47 and 48: Environmental and workplace quality
- Page 49 and 50: consists of large gravel mixed with
- Page 51 and 52: 3.2.7 Water Source The source of op
- Page 53 and 54: standards in addition to any design
- Page 55 and 56: 3.3.4 Estimated Plant Emissions Air
- Page 57: Adding a new double-circuit 220 kV
- Page 61 and 62: Notes: 1. Previous meteorological s
- Page 63 and 64: 4.1 .I .4 Annual and Seasonal Preci
- Page 65 and 66: Months I I I I I I IV V V I VII Vll
- Page 67 and 68: During rainfall and fog the western
- Page 69 and 70: Years 1979 1979 1980 1980 1980 1980
- Page 71 and 72: 4.1.3 Air Quality Impact by Nitroge
- Page 73 and 74: Appendices 8 and 9 are indicative o
- Page 75 and 76: River Laba Malaya Laba Point Doguzh
- Page 77 and 78: a steady low water level which can
- Page 79 and 80: i, Section F, ' 1 m BS m m2 1 41 4.
- Page 81 and 82: Section 1 2 3 4 Sum i, m BS Q I m3/
- Page 83 and 84: Table 4.21 Average Annual Water Dis
- Page 85 and 86: River Site La ba Kaladzhinskaya La
- Page 87 and 88: Dimensionality 8 % mln. m3 8 O h ml
- Page 89: Table 4.29 Chemical Composition of
- Page 92 and 93: Sampling Date 14.V 15.VI 2.8 20.V 2
- Page 94 and 95: Table 4.34 Recorded Disposals into
- Page 96 and 97: 4.2.2.2 Thickness and Occurrence of
- Page 98 and 99: 4.2.2.4 The Regions of Groundwater
- Page 100 and 101: 4.3. I. 1 Stratigraphy In the Cauca
- Page 102 and 103: * These An earthquake closest to th
- Page 104 and 105: a 4.3.1.4 Relief In a geomorphologi
- Page 106 and 107: 4.3.1.5 Mineralogy The deposits of
The summer is hot and long (it begins in May and ends in September). Absolute<br />
maximum air temperature can be as high as 40°C to 45OC. Rain showers,<br />
thunderstorms and hails are frequent; occasionally dust storms occur, but low<br />
cloudiness sunny weather prevails.<br />
The fall is also long and warm (it begins late in September and ends early in<br />
December). The first half of the fall is dry and sunny, the second half is rainy with<br />
icing phenomena, fogs and generally overcast conditions.<br />
4.1.1.2 Annual and Monthly Radiation Balance<br />
Solar radiation and radiation balance at the <strong>Krasnodar</strong> <strong>GRES</strong> site are summarized in<br />
Table 4.1 according to the meteorological station of the town of Sochi for the<br />
areas located in the vicinity of the <strong>Krasnodar</strong> <strong>GRES</strong> site (i.e. Perepravnaya and<br />
Gubskaya) .<br />
Months<br />
I<br />
11<br />
Ill<br />
IV<br />
V<br />
VI<br />
VII<br />
Vlll<br />
I X<br />
X<br />
XI<br />
XI1<br />
Year<br />
Table 4.1 Perepravnaya and Gubskaya Sites ( met/stn of Sochi)<br />
1.5<br />
2.3<br />
3.7<br />
5.2<br />
8.2<br />
11.0<br />
11.7<br />
10.9<br />
7.4<br />
5.0<br />
2.5<br />
1.4<br />
70.8<br />
Radiation Amount (Kcallcm2) Radiation<br />
Direct Dispersed Total Balance<br />
( Kcal/cm2)<br />
1.7<br />
2.5<br />
3.6<br />
4.9<br />
6.2<br />
6.1<br />
6.1<br />
5.1<br />
3.9<br />
3.3<br />
2.2<br />
1.6<br />
47.2<br />
3.2<br />
4.8<br />
7.3<br />
10.1<br />
14.4<br />
17.1<br />
17.8<br />
16.0<br />
11.3<br />
8.3<br />
4.7<br />
3 .O<br />
1 18.0<br />
0.4<br />
0.8<br />
3.2<br />
4.9<br />
7.6<br />
9.9<br />
10.3<br />
8.2<br />
5.1<br />
2.8<br />
0.8<br />
0.1<br />
54.1<br />
Duration<br />
of Solar<br />
Shining<br />
(Hours)<br />
84<br />
98<br />
128<br />
158<br />
223<br />
283<br />
313<br />
305<br />
252<br />
1 94<br />
121<br />
94<br />
2253<br />
PAGE 4-2
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