Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment

4.1 Air ................................................................................... 4-1
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4.1 1 Climatology . 4-1
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4.1 . 1 . 1 Type .................... . . 4-1
4.1.1.2 Annual and Monthly Radiation Balance 4-2
4.1 . 1 . 3 Temperature Range (max., min., etc.) .............. 4-3
4.1 . 1 . 4 Annual and Seasoonal Precipitation 4-6
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4.1 . 1 . 5 Rainfall and Thunderstorm Intensities .............. 4-7
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4.1.1.6 Cloudiness - Recurrence and Duration 4-7
4.1.2 Meteorology .............................................................. 4-8
4.1.2.1 Wind Conditions and Wind Roses .................... 4-8
4.1.2.2 Duration and Thickness of Inversions ............. 4-11
4.1.3 Air Quality Impact by Nitrogen Oxides ........................ 4-14
4.1.4 General Air Quality Impact Including Radiation ............. 4-14
4.1.5 Main Sources of Nitrogen Oxides ............................. 4-14
4.1.5.1 Pollution Sources ....................... . ... . ....... 4-15
4.1.6 Map of the Sources of Pollution ............................... 4-16
4.1.7 Potential Air Pollution .................................. . .......... 4-16
4.1.8 Comparison of the Russian Criteria and
the World Bank Criteria .... . 4-16
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4.2 Water Resources ...................... . .. . ........................ 4-16
4.2.1 Surface Water ............................ . ..................... 4-16
4.2.1.1
4.2.1.2
4.2.1.3
Location ................................ . .............. 4-16
Sources and Receivers of Water Flow ............ 4-17
Water Use ................................................. 4-18
4.2.1.4
4.2.1.5
4.2.1.6
Dimensions, Hydraulics. Levels.
Morphometry. Boundaries ............................ 4-19
Ice Regime. Duration. Thickness ................... 4-21
Discharge . 4-25
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