Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment
Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment
Interconnection to the existing transmission system is readily facilitated, 0 The site is located far enough distant from any biosphere and animal reserves so as to have no measurable impact on these resources, No resettlement of indigenous peoples is anticipated either during construction or operation of the plant, and The existing and projected transportation needs can be met by the current roadways and rail line. And, in addition, The electric transmission lines and water pipelines will not pass through, under or over any sensitive ecological zones such critical habitats, bird nesting areas, animal feeding areas, or migratory bird flight pathways. And, there are no known rare, threatened or endangered species present at or on the site of transmission and water pipeline routings. Thus the Mostovskoy site is an environmentally optimal site for construction and operation of the Krasnodar GRES, and in addition has been generally accepted for a previous thermal power plant by the Russian Federation. 121(3)(4) 7.4 Alternative Plant, Water Pipeline and Transmission Line Designs The Krasnodar GRES at Mostovskoy is to be a combined cycle natural gas plant of 900 MW capacity with future provision for expansion to 1,350 MW. The plant will consist of two modular blocks of 450 MW, each containing two combustion turbines of 150 MW capacity, two heat recovery steam generators, and one 150 MW steam generator. Dry low-NOx burners, best available control technology for NOx control, will be utilized by the combustion turbines, and steam or water injection will not be necessary for additional NOx control. The exhaust gas from each combustion turbine will be routed to an individual heat recovery steam generator and thence to the steam turbine. Each heat recovery steam generator will be provided with a metal by-pass stack and will discharge into a common stack, 150 meters high and 15 meters in diameter for maximum air dispersion of NOx. Combined cycle natural gas plants, by their very nature and design, emit essentially no other air pollutants such as oxides of sulfur or particulates. Air pollutant emission and dispersion analyses, presented earlier in this EA, noted that all applicable Russian Federation and World Bank air quality requirements will be met or bettered. The plant will use a dry cooling tower system to eliminate the need to withdraw large quantities of water from the Laba River and to prevent the formation of any USAID/KRASEA/OFFICIAL/EACH7.DOC 3/26/96 PAGE 7-6
@ fogs or plumes that may be associated with wet cooling towers. Drinking water will be supplied from an off-site well field. Thus no deleterious impacts or exceedances of any Russian Federation or World Bank requirements are anticipated on ambient water quality and quantity. There will be a process wastewater treatment system, including oil-water separators, installed on-site next to the cooling tower area. All process wastewater, as described earlier in this EA, will be treated and will meet or exceed all appropriate Russian Federation and World Bank standards. Sanitary wastewater will be directed to the Mostovskoy Village treatment plant which will be upgraded and modernized to meet any increased demand. As was noted in 7.3 above, the electric transmission lines and water pipelines, which are being designed in conformance with International Standards acceptable to the Russian Federation and the World Bank, will not pass through, under or over any sensitive ecological zones such critical habitats, bird nesting areas, animal feeding areas, or migratory bird flight pathways. And, there are no known rare, threatened or endangered species present at the site or transmission and water pipeline routings. Thus no deleterious environmental impacts are anticipated as described earlier in this EA. In summary then, the Krasnodar GRES is a state-of-the-art combined cycle natural gas power plant whose design, which by its very nature is environmentally benign. Subsequent environmental analyses, as presented in this EA, indicate that all Russian Federation and World Bank requirements will be met, and that no long- term, deleterious, irreversible, or permanent environmental or health impacts would occur. And, in addition, the plant will have many positive impacts including the provision of needed power to the Krasnodar Krai, thus improving the quality of life of the citizens in the Krai. Therefore, there is no compelling need to consider any design alternatives to the plant, and associated transmission line and water pipeline systems. 7.5 Alternative Fuel Utilization Fuels, other than natural gas, which can realistically power the Krasnodar GRES include oil, lignite and coal. Of these fuels natural gas is the cleanest burning most environmentally acceptable fuel; use of any other fuel would lead to increased air pollutant emissions and other potential deleterious environmental impacts. Also, there are sufficient gas reserves to power the plant and the gas delivery system is in place, it remains only to construct a pipeline to the plant from an existing trunk line. Diesel fuel will, however, be used for up to ten days per year if natural gas is unavailable. Thus, no alternative fuels should be considered as viable alternatives to natural gas. PAGE 7-7 - P
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Interconnection to the existing transmission system is readily facilitated, 0<br />
The site is located far enough distant from any biosphere and animal<br />
reserves so as to have no measurable impact on these resources,<br />
No resettlement of indigenous peoples is anticipated either during<br />
construction or operation of the plant, and<br />
The existing and projected transportation needs can be met by the current<br />
roadways and rail line.<br />
And, in addition, The electric transmission lines and water pipelines will not pass<br />
through, under or over any sensitive ecological zones such critical habitats, bird<br />
nesting areas, animal feeding areas, or migratory bird flight pathways. And, there<br />
are no known rare, threatened or endangered species present at or on the site of<br />
transmission and water pipeline routings.<br />
Thus the Mostovskoy site is an environmentally optimal site for construction and<br />
operation of the <strong>Krasnodar</strong> <strong>GRES</strong>, and in addition has been generally accepted for<br />
a previous thermal power plant by the Russian Federation. 121(3)(4)<br />
7.4 Alternative Plant, Water Pipeline and Transmission Line Designs<br />
The <strong>Krasnodar</strong> <strong>GRES</strong> at Mostovskoy is to be a combined cycle natural gas plant of<br />
900 MW capacity with future provision for expansion to 1,350 MW. The plant<br />
will consist of two modular blocks of 450 MW, each containing two combustion<br />
turbines of 150 MW capacity, two heat recovery steam generators, and one 150<br />
MW steam generator. Dry low-NOx burners, best available control technology for<br />
NOx control, will be utilized by the combustion turbines, and steam or water<br />
injection will not be necessary for additional NOx control. The exhaust gas from<br />
each combustion turbine will be routed to an individual heat recovery steam<br />
generator and thence to the steam turbine. Each heat recovery steam generator<br />
will be provided with a metal by-pass stack and will discharge into a common<br />
stack, 150 meters high and 15 meters in diameter for maximum air dispersion of<br />
NOx. Combined cycle natural gas plants, by their very nature and design, emit<br />
essentially no other air pollutants such as oxides of sulfur or particulates. Air<br />
pollutant emission and dispersion analyses, presented earlier in this EA, noted that<br />
all applicable Russian Federation and World Bank air quality requirements will be<br />
met or bettered.<br />
The plant will use a dry cooling tower system to eliminate the need to withdraw<br />
large quantities of water from the Laba River and to prevent the formation of any<br />
USAID/KRASEA/OFFICIAL/EACH7.DOC 3/26/96 PAGE 7-6