Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment
Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment Krasnodar GRES Project Volume I11 Environmental Assessment
@ In terms of the leaching extent, they are divided into typical soils, boiling up on the surface with the area of 15699 ha, and leached, boiling up in soil overbed, with the area of 7519 ha. The humus is of a humic nature, the structure is grain- lumpy, the texture is loose. The mechanical composition is clayey, containing 60.9-82.2 % of physical clay. Its water-physical properties are favorable. The humus layer is characterized by loose texture and high porosity. The characteristic (calcareous) types of humus carbonate soils contain in the upper 3.6-19.8 % of CaCos, the amount of which increases towards soil-forming rock (up to 65.8%). This is not the case with leached types. In view of this, the reaction of the typical soils is low- and medium-alkaline, whereas that of leached types is neutral and in rock - alkaline. The sum of absorbed alkalis is characterized by high indices - 44.9-47.5 mg-eq in the arable layer. The share of absorbed calcium accounts for 61 to 95 % of the sum of absorbed alkalis. Nitrogen oxides, which fall on soil surface with precipitation, are not absorbed by the absorbing complex, since the soils of this region have a negative charge and absorb only cations. Anions, including nitrates, are found in soil solution and can be readily washed out together with surface and intrasoil layer. Mountain and piedmont relief in the southern and central part of the region with large slopes, which turns into an inclined plain in its northern part, dense network of rivers and creeks, water containing gullies, high water erosion are conducive to intense surface rainfall runoff. Depositional nitrogen is washed off together with this runoff, flowing through a network of rivulets and gullies into the Laba and Kuban rivers and finally into the sea. The amount of surface runoff increases during the period of heavy rains in May, June and July, when their intensity surpasses the filtration coefficient of soil. The filtration coefficient for soils in the valley of the Laba river is 0.1 m per day, making it possible to identify them as semipermeable (0.001-1 m per day according to Savarensky, impermeable 0.001 m per day). The annual soil wetting on leached chernozems was found to vary from 0.6 to 3 m per day, depending on the amount of rainfall and specific features of topography. The hydrological regime is of a periodically washing type. Moisture is accumulated from October to March. The soil is wet within a 2-meter layer up to the least moisture capacity (LMC). PAGE 4-57
Precipitation during this period will permeate down to the groundwater table, since the moisture entering the soil, saturated to the least moisture capacity, is not retained by the soil and under the action of gravitational forces moves downwards into groundwater. 4.3.1.1 1.1 The Character of Land Use - Grain Crops, etc. Owing to the natural features in the Labinsk and Mostovskoy regions, agriculture is one of the leading production sectors. These regions are noted for the greatest agricultural development in the Krasnodar territory. Plowed fields account for the largest share in the structure of agricultural lands (73% in the Labinsk and 58% Mostovskoy regions). Pastures and natural hay fields account for about 30 % of the agricultural lands. The productivity of dairy cattle and fowl is very low. On the average the regional indices of annual milk yield is 20 % below the indices of the entire Krasnodar territory. The egg yield is more than twice below the territorial index. The clip of wool corresponds to the average territorial level. The main sectors of plant cultivation include the production of grain (about 70% of gross crops and 50% in the structure of the cultivated land and feeds (13 % and 37 %, respectively). Winter crops constitute the main part of grain crops. Plant cultivation also includes commercial sunflower and potatoes, grown for production purposes and seeds. Agricultural production in the districts is hampered by the development of erosion processes. Over the past 5 years the average crop yield in the farms within a 10-kilometer zone is as follows (in centners per ha): PAGE 4-58 /"
- Page 63 and 64: 4.1 .I .4 Annual and Seasonal Preci
- Page 65 and 66: Months I I I I I I IV V V I VII Vll
- Page 67 and 68: During rainfall and fog the western
- Page 69 and 70: Years 1979 1979 1980 1980 1980 1980
- Page 71 and 72: 4.1.3 Air Quality Impact by Nitroge
- Page 73 and 74: Appendices 8 and 9 are indicative o
- Page 75 and 76: River Laba Malaya Laba Point Doguzh
- Page 77 and 78: a steady low water level which can
- Page 79 and 80: i, Section F, ' 1 m BS m m2 1 41 4.
- Page 81 and 82: Section 1 2 3 4 Sum i, m BS Q I m3/
- Page 83 and 84: Table 4.21 Average Annual Water Dis
- Page 85 and 86: River Site La ba Kaladzhinskaya La
- Page 87 and 88: Dimensionality 8 % mln. m3 8 O h ml
- Page 89: Table 4.29 Chemical Composition of
- Page 92 and 93: Sampling Date 14.V 15.VI 2.8 20.V 2
- Page 94 and 95: Table 4.34 Recorded Disposals into
- Page 96 and 97: 4.2.2.2 Thickness and Occurrence of
- Page 98 and 99: 4.2.2.4 The Regions of Groundwater
- Page 100 and 101: 4.3. I. 1 Stratigraphy In the Cauca
- Page 102 and 103: * These An earthquake closest to th
- Page 104 and 105: a 4.3.1.4 Relief In a geomorphologi
- Page 106 and 107: 4.3.1.5 Mineralogy The deposits of
- Page 108 and 109: 4.3.1.8 Frozen-State Regime Climate
- Page 110 and 111: Humic-gley soil constitutes 17% and
- Page 112 and 113: a reaches In terms of humus horizon
- Page 116 and 117: Form of Use Arable land Perennial p
- Page 118 and 119: @ River Laba Malaya Laba 4.4.1 Land
- Page 120 and 121: Name Administration of Mostovskoy 1
- Page 122 and 123: N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
- Page 124 and 125: a The average annual increase of pl
- Page 126 and 127: Data on record keeping of ungulate
- Page 128 and 129: divided into separate massifs by th
- Page 130 and 131: a 4.5.2.1.3 Animal Kingdom The Cauc
- Page 132 and 133: the Southern slope. European minks
- Page 134 and 135: 4.6.1.3 Labor and Occupation Market
- Page 136 and 137: Total Disease of circulation organs
- Page 138 and 139: and waste with negative impacts on
- Page 140 and 141: Existing Environment Conditions Lan
- Page 142 and 143: 5.1.2.5 River Crossing by Transmiss
- Page 144 and 145: 5.2 Operation Stage Figure 5.1 is r
- Page 146 and 147: Maximum concentration of nitrogen o
- Page 148 and 149: Distance From the Power Plant, km 1
- Page 150 and 151: probability is 7.14 m3/sec and this
- Page 152 and 153: Underflooding of the power plant te
- Page 154 and 155: Water pollution at the water intake
- Page 156 and 157: Biological pollution and chemical p
- Page 158 and 159: Noise range in the engine room fall
- Page 160 and 161: Reference points 002 through 004 ar
- Page 162 and 163: use of individual noise reduction m
Precipitation during this period will permeate down to the groundwater table,<br />
since the moisture entering the soil, saturated to the least moisture capacity, is<br />
not retained by the soil and under the action of gravitational forces moves<br />
downwards into groundwater.<br />
4.3.1.1 1.1 The Character of Land Use - Grain Crops, etc.<br />
Owing to the natural features in the Labinsk and Mostovskoy regions, agriculture<br />
is one of the leading production sectors. These regions are noted for the greatest<br />
agricultural development in the <strong>Krasnodar</strong> territory.<br />
Plowed fields account for the largest share in the structure of agricultural lands<br />
(73% in the Labinsk and 58% Mostovskoy regions). Pastures and natural hay<br />
fields account for about 30 % of the agricultural lands.<br />
The productivity of dairy cattle and fowl is very low. On the average the regional<br />
indices of annual milk yield is 20 % below the indices of the entire <strong>Krasnodar</strong><br />
territory. The egg yield is more than twice below the territorial index. The clip of<br />
wool corresponds to the average territorial level.<br />
The main sectors of plant cultivation include the production of grain (about 70%<br />
of gross crops and 50% in the structure of the cultivated land and feeds (13 %<br />
and 37 %, respectively). Winter crops constitute the main part of grain crops.<br />
Plant cultivation also includes commercial sunflower and potatoes, grown for<br />
production purposes and seeds. Agricultural production in the districts is<br />
hampered by the development of erosion processes.<br />
Over the past 5 years the average crop yield in the farms within a 10-kilometer<br />
zone is as follows (in centners per ha):<br />
PAGE 4-58<br />
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