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'Way Too Many of Us<br />

Abstract:<br />

Time<br />

RESEARCH<br />

The Earth's limited supply of natural resources will only be<br />

able to sustain 2 billion humans by 2100, bad news for a<br />

world that feeds 5.6 billion. The optimum human population,<br />

or carrying capacity, for the U.S. is projected to be<br />

200 million, 60 million fewer than the current population.<br />

Disappearing stocks of fertile land, fresh water, fossil fuel<br />

energy, and helpful biota will control human population the<br />

old-fashioned way—through starvation and disease—if we<br />

cannot reduce our numbers voluntarily.<br />

The Earth and its resources may<br />

be too small for all of us to<br />

share. Even if we learn how to<br />

make the most of a limited<br />

supply of land, energy, water<br />

and biota, <strong>Cornell</strong> ecologists have<br />

calculated that by the year 2100, the<br />

planet will be able to provide for only<br />

2 billion humans—almost 4 billion<br />

less than today's world population—<br />

with a modest but comfortable standard<br />

of living. Only 200 million humans<br />

can be sustained by the natural<br />

resources of the United States,<br />

making the current population 23<br />

percent over eco-budget.<br />

"If we refuse to reduce our numbers<br />

ourselves," warns David Pim-<br />

JUNE 1994<br />

17<br />

entel, PhD '51, professor of entomology<br />

and agricultural sciences, "nature<br />

will find much less pleasant ways<br />

to control human population: malnourishment,<br />

starvation, disease,<br />

stress and violence." The choice is<br />

simple, says Pimentel—total reproductive<br />

freedom now, or freedom from<br />

suffering in the not-so-distant future.<br />

<strong>Cornell</strong> researchers presented<br />

their findings at the annual meeting<br />

of the American Association for the<br />

Advancement of Science in San Francisco.<br />

Their results were published<br />

in the May issue of Population and<br />

Environment, Joining Pimentel as coauthors<br />

were Marcia Pimentel '45,<br />

MS '50, retired senior lecturer in the<br />

Division of Nutritional Sciences, and<br />

undergraduates Rebecca Harman<br />

'92, Matthew Pacenza '93 and Jason<br />

Pecarsky '93.<br />

Optimum world population: 2<br />

billion. Optimum U.S. population:<br />

200 million. Ecologists call these<br />

magic numbers "carrying capacities."<br />

An area's carrying capacity (or<br />

"K") is the number of individuals of

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