Design of an Automatic Control Algorithm for Energy-Efficient ...

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3 System description 18 parameter for the fraction of recirculated air, ��, is introduced. �� ¡ �� ¡ �� ¡ �� ¡ �� ¡ �� ¡ �� ¡ � � �� ¡ �� ¡ �� ¡ �� ¡ �� Air mass in the cabin [��] �� Specific heat capacity of the air at constant volume [ �� ¡� ] �� Air mass flow through the car [ �� ] Percentage of �� being recirculated [�] �� Specific heat capacity of the air at constant pressure [ �� ¡� ] Heat transfer through the car body [ � � ] �� ¡ �� Heat capacity of the parts of the car interior and body [ �� ] � Time [�] �� Thermal power of the HVAC-system heater [�] �� (Mean) temperature of the air in the cabin [℃] Temperature of the air leaving the cabin [℃] Window area � [� � ] Angle between surface normal of � and direction to the sun [°] Transmittance of � [-] Sun intensity [ � � � ] (3.2) Interior parts and the air are assumed to have the same temperature here. This is not correct, however, since the sun influence heats up the interior much more than the air. If this was considered, a more complicated model will be required introducing the (surface) temperature of the interior as a new state. The outlet temperature �� will be simplified set equal to ��. Different ap- proaches to estimate this temperature [1] are suggested but they are only valid without recirculating air and for standard car layouts. The heat transfer of the car � �� can be
3 System description 19 calculated by summing up the contributions of all the cabin parts [1]: �� (3.3) While the thermal conductivity � and the material thickness � and area � are usually known and constant, the convection heat transfer coefficients on the outside, ��, and inside the cabin, ��, depend on the air speed. Großmann gives approximations for these correlations: �� , �� equation: The temperature of the air blown into the cabin can be expressed with the following �� ¡ � �� ¡ �� ¡ �� ¡ �� (3.4) Combining equations 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4, a differential equation for an estimation of the mean cabin temperature can be given. �� ¡ �� ¡ �� ¡ � �� ¡ �� ¡ �� 3.1.2 Water mass in the cabin air �� ¡ �� (3.5) Water in the cabin has two sources. One is the incoming (moist) air. The other are the passengers with their respiration, sweat as well as other humidity in the clothes and shoes. Water leaves the car through the air outlet or is separated at the evaporator. A basic water equation is found at Großmann [1]. It is however only applicable in a steady context and does not implement a recirculated air percentage ��. Therefore, it is modified in the following: �� (3.6)
Page 1: ISSN 0280-5316 ISRN LUTFD2/TFRT--58
Page 5: Diploma thesis subject Problem stat
Page 8 and 9: Acknowledgements ii Acknowledgement
Page 10 and 11: Acknowledgements iv 3.1.4 Windscree
Page 12 and 13: Acknowledgements vi 8.5 System simu
Page 14 and 15: Nomenclature viii Nomenclature Symb
Page 16 and 17: Nomenclature x Other symbols Symbol
Page 18 and 19: Nomenclature xii Subscript Descript
Page 21 and 22: 1 Introduction Energy consumption t
Page 23 and 24: 1 Introduction 3 adjustment of the
Page 25 and 26: 2 Control objectives 5 2.1 Windscre
Page 27 and 28: 2 Control objectives 7 2.2 Comfort
Page 29 and 30: 2 Control objectives 9 � Metaboli
Page 31 and 32: 2 Control objectives 11 ��
Page 33 and 34: 2 Control objectives 13 Figure 2.6:
Page 35 and 36: 2 Control objectives 15 2.4 Influen
Page 37: 3 System description 17 or heat com
Page 41 and 42: 3 System description 21 ��
Page 43 and 44: 3 System description 23 � � �
Page 45 and 46: 3 System description 25 defrost tem
Page 47 and 48: 3 System description 27 Figure 3.4:
Page 49 and 50: 3 System description 29 width modul
Page 51 and 52: 3 System description 31 ��
Page 53 and 54: 3 System description 33 shown in Fi
Page 55 and 56: 3 System description 35 of performa
Page 57 and 58: 4 Control strategy The main goal of
Page 59 and 60: 4 Control strategy 39 limits are di
Page 61 and 62: 4 Control strategy 41 ��
Page 63 and 64: 4 Control strategy 43 cabin. This s
Page 65 and 66: 4 Control strategy 45 controlled. T
Page 67 and 68: 5 The disturbance estimator 47 in e
Page 69 and 70: 6 The optimiser: an evolutionary al
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7 The HVAC-system controller 69 �
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7 The HVAC-system controller 71 7.5
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8 System and functionality integrat
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9 The MUTE project 95 order to fit
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10 Hardware and characteristics of
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11 Matlab implementation The climat
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11 Matlab implementation 111 Only r
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11 Matlab implementation 113 left i
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11 Matlab implementation 115 tion a
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12 Controller evaluation 117 ��
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12 Controller evaluation 119 be not
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12 Controller evaluation 121 Number
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12 Controller evaluation 123 Table
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12 Controller evaluation 125 In the
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12 Controller evaluation 127 ��
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13 Conclusion 129 13.2 Possible imp
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Bibliography [1] Holger Großmann.
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Bibliography 133 [22] M. Wang, T.M.
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Appendices
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B In- and outputs The interface bet
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Signal Unit Range Type Comment Stat
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In- and outputs 141 B.3 Error codes
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and system parameters 2 concentrati
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Simulation parameters 145 C.2 Contr
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Simulation parameters 147 Panic han
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Simulation parameters 149 C.5 Test
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Additional simulation results 151 D
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Optimiser code 153 real_T ∗panic_
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Optimiser code 155 52 return 10; 54
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Optimiser code 157 138 /∗ return
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Optimiser code 159 230 ∗/ ∗ ===
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Optimiser code 161 ∗ IMEA_breedin
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Optimiser code 163 414 } 416 } } st
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Optimiser code 165 if (sortedPop [
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Optimiser code 167 596 ∗ Printout
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Optimiser code 169 690 ∗ Latest R
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