Design of an Automatic Control Algorithm for Energy-Efficient ...

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11 Matlab implementation 110 HEI_STb_istKaltluftsperre 13 HEI_STb_errLuefter 12 HEI_STb_errBrenner 11 HEI_ST_errSensor 10 HEI_ST_errStellmotor 9 HEI_ST_errBrennst 8 HEI_ST_errRegler 7 HEI_STb_istHeizLueftOn 6 HEI_deg_sollStellM2 5 HEI_deg_sollStellM1 4 HEI_STb_sollZuHeiOn 3 HEI_rel_sollAnstZuHei 2 HEI_rel_sollAnstHVAC 1 NoOp 1/z ZOH NoOp NoOp NoOp NoOp NoOp NoOp Mixed 1/z Output−Scaler CON_rel_Fan CON_rel_Heater CON_STb_HeaterOn CON_rel_servoRecirc CON_rel_servoFoot ERR_ST_Control ColdLockactive ERR_ST_Sensor ERR_ST_Servo ERR_ST_Fuel ERR_STb_Fan ERR_STb_Heater HEI_rel_sollAnstHVAC HEI_rel_sollAnstZuHei HEI_STb_sollZuHeiOn HEI_deg_sollStellUmluft HEI_deg_sollStellFuss HEI_ST_errBrennst HEI_STb_errBrenner HEI_err_ST_errStellmotor HEI_STb_errLuefter HEI_ST_errSensor HEI_ST_errRegler HEI_STb_istKaltluftsperre Off−Settings SERVO_rel_actFoot OFF_rel_Fan OFF_rel_Heater OFF_STb_HeaterOn OFF_rel_servoRecirc OFF_rel_servoFoot Mode Switch AUT_On Control Output Automatic MAN_On Control Output Manual Control Output Off Controller Output Rel Mode Chooser NVN_STb_ClimaOn USR_STb_Automatic NVN_STb_Precondition Enable_AutomaticMode Enable_ManualMode Enable_OffMode Memory Manual Mode TEMP_C_HeaterOutlet USR_rel_Fan USR_rel_ManHeat USR_STb_RecircMode USR_rel servoFoot MAN_rel_Fan MAN_rel_Heater MAN_STb_HeaterOn MAN_rel_servoRecirc MAN_rel_servoFoot Input−Validator SEN_T_istTempAus SEN_T_istBrennerIn SEN_T_istBrennerOut SEN_T_istTempMischer SEN_T_istTempInn SEN_T_istTempFrontsch SEN_rel_istFeuchtAus SEN_rel_istFeuchtInn HEI_deg_istStellUmluft HEI_deg_istStellFuss HEI_deg_istHeizPoti HEI_deg_sollStellUmluft HEI_deg_sollStellFuss HEI_deg_sollHeizPoti KLI_rel_BattKuehlung HEI_rel_istFuellStFoss INF_v_istFzgkmh INF_STb_istPersInFzg TEMP_C_Amb TEMP_C_HeaterInlet TEMP_C_HeaterOutlet TEMP_C_AirMix TEMP_C_Cabin TEMP_C_Windschield HUM_abs_Amb HUM_abs_Cabin SERVO_rel_actRecirc SERVO_rel_actFoot CAR_v_Speedkmh CAR_STb_PersonInCar CAR_kgh_BattCooling ERR_ST_Sensor ERR_ST_Servo ERR_ST_Fuel Fan−Heater Error Detection CON_rel_FAN CON_rel_Heater CON_STb_HeaterOn TEMP_C_HeaterInlet TEMP_C_HeaterOutlet TEMP_C_AirMix ERR_STb_Fan ERR_STb_Heater HEAT_STb_HeaterFanSpinns AutomaticMode Enable TEMP_C_Amb TEMP_C_HeaterInlet TEMP_C_HeaterOutlet TEMP_C_AirMix TEMP_C_Cabin TEMP_C_FrontWindshield HUM_abs_Amb HUM_abs_Cabin SERVO_rel_actRecirc SERVO_rel_actFoot CAR_v_Speedkmh CAR_STb_PersonInCar CAR_kgh_BattCooling NVN_P_maxPower NVN_rel_bias_PowerConsumption USR_rel_TempBias USR_rel_FlowBias USR_STb_DefrostMode NVN_STb_PreconditionMode USR_STb_RecircMode ERR_ST_Servo ERR_ST_Fuel AUT_rel_Fan AUT_rel_Heater AUT_STb_HeaterOn AUT_rel_servoRecirc AUT_rel_servoFoot ERR_ST_Control Cold Lock Active KLI_rel_BattKuehlung 27 INF_STb_istPersInFzg 26 HEI_rel_sollEnergieverbr 25 HEI_P_sollMaxLeist 24 INF_v_istFzgkmh 23 FZG_rel_sollManFussAus 22 FZG_rel_sollManLuefInn 21 FZG_rel_sollManHeizung 20 FZG_rel_sollAutoLuftstrom 19 FZG_rel_sollTempHeiz 18 FZG_STb_sollUmluftOn 17 FZG_STb_sollDefrostOn 16 FZG_STb_sollAutomatikOn 15 HEI_STb_sollVorkondOn 14 HEI_deg_istHeizPoti 13 HEI_deg_istStellM2 12 HEI_deg_istStellM1 11 SEN_rel_istFuellStFoss 10 SEN_rel_istFeuchtInn 9 SEN_rel_istFeuchtAus 8 SEN_T_istTempFrontsch 7 SEN_T_istTempInn 6 SEN_T_istTempVerteilerK 5 SEN_T_istTempBrennerOut 4 SEN_T_istBrennerIn 3 SEN_T_istTempAus 2 HEI_STb_sollKlimaOn 1 FZG_rel_sollManLuefInn FZG_rel_sollAutoLuftstrom HEI_STb_sollVorkondOn HEI_rel_sollEnergieverbr HEI_P_sollMaxLeist SEN_T_istTempAus SEN_T_istBrennerOut SEN_T_istTempInn SEN_rel_istFeuchtAus HEI_deg_istStellM1 HEI_deg_istHeizPoti FZG_rel_sollManHeizung FZG_STb_sollUmluftOn FZG_rel_sollManFuss ErrorBus ErrorBus FZG_rel_sollTempHeiz FZGSTb_sollDefrostOn INF_v_istFzgkmh INF_STb_istPersInFzg SEN_T_istTempVerteilerK SEN_T_istBrennerIn SEN_T_istTempFrontsch SEN_rel_istFeuchtInn HEI_deg_istStellM2 Figure 11.1: The controller overview in Matlab Simulink.
11 Matlab implementation 111 Only recirculation can only be switched on or off. The manual mode is implemented in the middle cyan block. The output scaler in the green block on the right brings the control signals to the dimensions required by the output definitions. The flap opening and heater set- temperature in percent are scaled to a servo angle. Moreover, the fan PWM set-value is given in percent and scaled to the required voltage output with the needed offset (cf. Figure 10.4). Another task is to intervene if errors occur. If the heater fails, the output is set to zero to prevent further damage. Severe automatic control errors lead to a fail-save default setting. The last block drawn in blue on the bottom right in Figure 11.1 is the heater and fan error detection. Temperature sensors are used to detect if the air is getting warmer or not to check if the heater is working, but to discover a fan malfunction is difficult. The only means for this is to detect with the help of the temperature sensors if cool air is mixed to the warm air coming from the heater. Another output generated by this block is the “heater fan spinning”-signal. The heater fan needs to continue to spin for around three minutes after the device has been turned off in order to cool it down. This signal is used to prevent the car control from cutting the power to early. 11.2 Automatic mode The automatic mode block implements the controller design presented in Chapter 4. The system states are the cabin temperature � ��, and absolute humidity � ��, the windscreen temperature � �� and the carbon dioxide concentration � ��. Internally also a power consumption is used which is directly derived from the input air settings. These are - used as design variables - the input air mass flow �� , the air temperature � ��, the fraction of the air being recirculated � �� and the relative amount going to the foot outlets � � ��. This reduced set is related to the hardware used in the MUTE car. No cooling, as stated in Section 9.2, and thus no active influence on the air humidity is possible. Moreover, no face outlets are available (cf. Section 10.2). The disturbance estimator, presented in Chapter 5, predicts model errors and sim- ulates not measured system states. It is implemented in the two light blue blocks on the
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ISSN 0280-5316 ISRN LUTFD2/TFRT--58
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Diploma thesis subject Problem stat
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Acknowledgements ii Acknowledgement
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Acknowledgements iv 3.1.4 Windscree
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Acknowledgements vi 8.5 System simu
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Nomenclature viii Nomenclature Symb
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Nomenclature x Other symbols Symbol
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Nomenclature xii Subscript Descript
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1 Introduction Energy consumption t
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1 Introduction 3 adjustment of the
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2 Control objectives 5 2.1 Windscre
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2 Control objectives 7 2.2 Comfort
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2 Control objectives 9 � Metaboli
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2 Control objectives 11 ��
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2 Control objectives 13 Figure 2.6:
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2 Control objectives 15 2.4 Influen
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3 System description 17 or heat com
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3 System description 19 calculated
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3 System description 21 ��
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3 System description 23 � � �
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3 System description 25 defrost tem
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3 System description 27 Figure 3.4:
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3 System description 29 width modul
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3 System description 31 ��
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3 System description 33 shown in Fi
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3 System description 35 of performa
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4 Control strategy The main goal of
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4 Control strategy 39 limits are di
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4 Control strategy 41 ��
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4 Control strategy 43 cabin. This s
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4 Control strategy 45 controlled. T
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5 The disturbance estimator 47 in e
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6 The optimiser: an evolutionary al
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Page 79 and 80: 6 The optimiser: an evolutionary al
Page 89 and 90: 7 The HVAC-system controller 69 �
Page 91 and 92: 7 The HVAC-system controller 71 7.5
Page 93 and 94: 8 System and functionality integrat
Page 115 and 116: 9 The MUTE project 95 order to fit
Page 117 and 118: 10 Hardware and characteristics of
Page 129: 11 Matlab implementation The climat
Page 133 and 134: 11 Matlab implementation 113 left i
Page 135 and 136: 11 Matlab implementation 115 tion a
Page 137 and 138: 12 Controller evaluation 117 ��
Page 139 and 140: 12 Controller evaluation 119 be not
Page 141 and 142: 12 Controller evaluation 121 Number
Page 143 and 144: 12 Controller evaluation 123 Table
Page 145 and 146: 12 Controller evaluation 125 In the
Page 147 and 148: 12 Controller evaluation 127 ��
Page 149 and 150: 13 Conclusion 129 13.2 Possible imp
Page 151 and 152: Bibliography [1] Holger Großmann.
Page 153 and 154: Bibliography 133 [22] M. Wang, T.M.
Page 155 and 156: Appendices
Page 157 and 158: B In- and outputs The interface bet
Page 159 and 160: Signal Unit Range Type Comment Stat
Page 161 and 162: In- and outputs 141 B.3 Error codes
Page 163 and 164: and system parameters 2 concentrati
Page 165 and 166: Simulation parameters 145 C.2 Contr
Page 167 and 168: Simulation parameters 147 Panic han
Page 169 and 170: Simulation parameters 149 C.5 Test
Page 171 and 172: Additional simulation results 151 D
Page 173 and 174: Optimiser code 153 real_T ∗panic_
Page 175 and 176: Optimiser code 155 52 return 10; 54
Page 177 and 178: Optimiser code 157 138 /∗ return
Page 179 and 180: Optimiser code 159 230 ∗/ ∗ ===
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Optimiser code 161 ∗ IMEA_breedin
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Optimiser code 163 414 } 416 } } st
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Optimiser code 165 if (sortedPop [
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Optimiser code 167 596 ∗ Printout
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Optimiser code 169 690 ∗ Latest R
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