Market Survey on Copper - Indian Bureau of Mines

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is used as fuel. Unlike plastic tubing, copper does not burn, melt or release noxious or toxic fuels in the event of fire. Copper tubes also help protect water systems from potentially lethal bacteria. The copper is used in buildings in a wide range of builder’s hardware or architectural ironmongery. Builder’s hardware is made of copper alloys such as architectural bronze. Hinges, locks, catches and stays for windows & doors and fasteners, such as, screws, washers, and nuts and bolts are all made of copper and its alloys. Although they tend to be more expensive than iron and steel fittings, which may be galvanized or otherwise coated to improve their corrosion resistance or their appearance, brass and bronze fittings are selected because they are widely regarded by consumers and specifiers as being of higher quality. On an average, a single family house uses 199 kg of copper and an average multi-family unit uses 126 kg of copper in various applications such as building wire, plumbing tube, fitting, valves, plumber’s brass goods, built-in-appliances, builder’s hardware and other wires and tubes in developed countries. 2.1.7 Transport Copper is used in the cooling fans and water tubes used in the production of both radiators and heaters in automobiles. Automobiles rely on copper motors, wiring connectors, brakes and bearings. A medium size automobile contains about 22.5 kg of copper. Electric and hybrid vehicles can contain even higher quantity of copper. An average motorised farm vehicle uses 28.5 kg of copper while construction vehicle uses an average of 30 kg and about 2% of total weight of a Boeing 747-200 Jet Plane is copper. Copper is also used extensively in new generation air planes and trains. New high speed train can use 2-4 tonnes of copper as compared to 1-2 tonnes used in traditional electric trains. This is the scenario mostly in developed countries. Copper and its alloys are used in all major forms of transportation. Copper nickel alloys are used on the hulls of boards and ships and other offshore structures to reduce marine bio-fouling, thereby reducing drag and improving fuel consumption. 2.1.8 Coinage Copper has been used by various countries to make coins for currency since the beginning of civilisation. Despite increased use of credit card and cheque transactions, the coinage is still important. Coins are minted mainly from ingot and strip but up to 10% of the total material used is from recycled coins. Coins can be used which may have a useful life of 20-40 years or more, instead of paper notes which have a very short-useful life, especially for lower denominations. 2.1.9 Ordnance The use of copper in ordnance obviously varies according to the levels of hunting and sporting activities and the level of armed conflict or insurgency. 10
There are good reasons why the consumption of copper in ordnance should go unrecorded. Some of the major powers have imposed restrictions on the shipment of ornaments and ordnance to belligerent states and insurgency operations around the world. Copper and copper based products are used in offices, household and work places for decorative wares. Locks and keys are just some of the products where copper is extensively consumed. 2.1.10 Copper Compounds Copper has four oxidation states, but only two of them copper (I)(cuprous) and copper (II)(cupric) are common or have any commercial importance. A wide range of copper compounds is used in agricultural and industrial end uses, mainly as pesticides which will be transparent as much as 3 or 4 mm, it is generally applied as a thin layer on a much thicker substratum. The rate of application required to produce the required range of colours is 2.5 to 5 kg of cuprous oxide per tonne of glass. The total demand for this oxide of copper in the colouring glass is relatively small. 2.1.11 Copper Alloy Pure copper contains 99.99% copper, a number of copper alloys are made with the addition of other metals in varying proportion for enhancing one or the other property. The alloys are made as cast copper alloys and wrought copper alloys. Cast copper alloys have a greater range of alloying elements than wrought copper alloys. Wrought copper alloys are produced using a variety of different production methods such as annealing, cold working, and hardening by heat treatments or stress relieving. Within the wrought and cast categories for copper alloys, the composition can be divided into the following main families. I ) Pure Copper: It has copper content of 99.3% or higher. II) High copper alloys-Wrought High Copper alloys: It has copper contents of less than 99.3% but more than 95%. Cast High Copper alloys have copper contents in excess of 94%. III) Brasses- contain zinc as the principal alloying element. Brasses are divided into two major categories. The Alfa alloys with less than 37% zinc. These alloys are ductile and can be cold worked and the Alfa/beta or duplex alloys with 37-45% zinc. These alloys have limited cold ductility and are typically harder and stronger. There are three types of wrought alloy brasses: a) Copper-zinc alloys, b) Copper-zinc alloys (leaded brasses), c) Copper-zinc-tin alloys (tin brasses) and cast brass alloys contain four types of alloys. i) Copper-Zinc-tin alloys 11
Page 2 and 3: GOVERNM G MENT OF IN NDIA MINISTRRY
Page 4 and 5: PREFACE The present report on <stro
Page 6 and 7: List of Annexures Annexure:3- I Lis
Page 8 and 9: List of Figures Page No. Figure 2.1
Page 10 and 11: Chapter 1. Introduction The <strong
Page 12 and 13: Figure : 2.1 - Propperties of Coopp
Page 15 and 16: Building & Construction n 5% Transp
Page 17 and 18: The end-use of copper is determined
Page 19: a) Heat Exchangers and Condensers C
Page 23 and 24: Class & type ASTM Design -ations Ta
Page 25 and 26: 2.3 SPECIFICATIONS The specificatio
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 3. Supply Copper is an impo
Page 29 and 30: State/District Jharkhand Reserve Re
Page 31 and 32: State/District Reserve Remaining Re
Page 33 and 34: Sl. No. Table: 3.3- Statewise Resou
Page 35 and 36: State District Deposit Name Dhadkid
Page 37 and 38: State District Deposit Name Chandma
Page 39 and 40: mineralisation. Copper ore is found
Page 45 and 46: Beneficiation of copper ore depends
Page 47 and 48: B) Concentration (Froth Flotation)
Page 49 and 50: of frother molecule leads to its ad
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.2 Smelting Copper is extracted
Page 53 and 54: a) low capital and operating cost b
Page 55 and 56: a large extent by volatisation of t
Page 57 and 58: indicated is a very slow process an
Page 59 and 60: eaction is identical to that in ele
Page 61 and 62: ii) Malanjkhand Copper Project The
Page 63 and 64: silver, selenium, tellurium, nickel
Page 65 and 66: ladle crane to the Pierce Smith Con
Page 67 and 68: Complex), Jharkhand (Indian Copper
Page 69 and 70: Presently, the concentrator situate
Page 71 and 72:
Out of these 5 plants, no plant is
Page 75 and 76:
In addition to this there are some
Page 77 and 78:
International Copper Association Lt
Page 79 and 80:
Chapter 4. Foreign Market</
Page 81 and 82:
Thousands Tonnes Russia 5% Poland 4
Page 83 and 84:
Thousands Tonnes Thousands Tonnes F
Page 85 and 86:
Table: 4.1- Top 10 Copper Mines by
Page 87 and 88:
India’s trade with Australia is m
Page 89 and 90:
The exports of refined copper were
Page 91 and 92:
East Iran and Lar in Zahedan locali
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eserves of the order of 4.23 millio
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smelter production of copper is ste
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copper which was only 105 thousand
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As it will be seen from the Table-4
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Table -4.8: Estimated Region wise W
Page 103:
Chapter 5. Prices Copper metal is t
Page 106 and 107:
Table: 5.3 - London Metal Exchange
Page 108 and 109:
10000 Figure : 5.2 - Month Wise LME
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y the State Government in the Minin
Page 112 and 113:
The consumption given in above tabl
Page 114 and 115:
Table-6.3: Internal Apparent Demand
Page 116 and 117:
electrification will result in an i
Page 118 and 119:
consumption in General Engineering
Page 120 and 121:
The HCL has planned a number of gre
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In earlier chapter it has already b
Page 124 and 125:
ased on imported concentrates. Indi
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Annexure: 3 - I LIST OF THE UNITS R
Page 128 and 129:
Sl. No. NAME OF THE UNIT CAPACITY (
Page 130 and 131:
Annexure: 3 - II LIST OF THE UNITS
Page 132 and 133:
Sl. NAME OF THE UNIT CAPACITY WASTE
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Sl. NAME OF THE UNIT CAPACITY No. (
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Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Sl. No. XII TAMIL NADU NAME OF THE
Page 146 and 147:
Concld… Sl. NAME OF THE UNIT CAPA
Page 148 and 149:
Concld…. COBRA No.2 Copper Wire N
Page 150 and 151:
Annexure: 3 - IV (B) Exports of Cop
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Annexure: 4 - II World Mine Product
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Sl. No. Annexure: 4 - IV World Prod
Page 156 and 157:
140
Page 158 and 159:
Sl. No. Annexure: 4 - VI World Impo
Page 160 and 161:
Sl. No. Annexure: 4 - VIII India’
Page 162 and 163:
Annexure: 4 - X India’s Exports o
Page 164 and 165:
Sl. No. Annexure: 4 - XIII India’
Page 166 and 167:
Annexure: 4 - XV Worldwide List of
Page 168 and 169:
Company Name Operations Countries F
Page 170 and 171:
Company Name Operations Countries N
Page 172 and 173:
Worldwide List of Countries Produci
Page 174 and 175:
Country Operations Companies Laos K
Page 176 and 177:
Annexure: 4 - XVII Worldwide List o
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Mine Name Country Owners Guelb Mogh
Page 180 and 181:
Mine Name Country Owners Nkana Zamb
Page 182 and 183:
Worldwide List of Copper Smelter &
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Sl.No. Country Company Location 3.
Page 186 and 187:
Concld…. Sl.No. Country Company L
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Production and expansions 1993 and
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2020. In the meantime the mill will
Page 192 and 193:
The Dalam Diatreme (DD) forms the f
Page 194 and 195:
Open-pit mining The Ujina and Huinq
Page 196 and 197:
All ore is now treated in the lower
Page 198 and 199:
unoff and seepage, and from the low
Page 200 and 201:
Concentration and separation involv
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single pit: today the working area
Page 204 and 205:
One of the first of the recent seri
Page 206 and 207:
Annexure: 5 - I Average Monthly Pri
Page 208 and 209:
192
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