Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX4-37
Table AX4-9 (cont’d). Lead in Deciduous Teeth from Urban and Remote Environments
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Lead Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Mexico
Hernandez-Guerrero
et al. (2004)
Mexico City
Frank et al. (1990)
Alsace, Mexico
Asia
Karakaya et al. (1996)
Ankara, Turkey
100 healthy deciduous teeth collected
from 2 to 13 yr old children.
Circular biopsies 500 Fm in diameter
punched in the vertical sections of the
crown and cervical third of each root. The
age of the European subjects ranged from
10 to 80 yrs in Europe and 12 to 29 yrs in
Mexico City. Energy-dispersive X-ray
fluorescence method to compare lead in
enamel and dentine of premolars and
permanent molars.
103 whole deciduous teeth from primary
school aged children aged 7 to 12 yrs.
Higher mean concentrations of lead in the 10-13 yr
old group (7.7 µg/g) than in other age groups and the
mean concentrations were higher in girls (7.3 µg/g)
than boys (6.3 µg/g).
Compared with the European values, there were
~6 times higher inner coronal dentine and 7 to
9 times higher pulpal root dentine concentrations
for samples from Mexico City.
Significant differences in lead for urban (4.99 ± 0.46
µg/g dry weight) compared with suburban children
(1.69 ± 0.25 µg/g).
No association between pollution intensity
and tooth lead.
The authors found no significant difference in
the relationship between traffic and mean lead
values for enamel and dentine in the European
communities but a significantly higher lead
concentration in relation to age. The
differences were attributed to traffic exposure.