Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX4-36
Table AX4-9. Lead in Deciduous Teeth from Urban and Remote Environments
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Lead Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Canada
Tsuji et al. (2001)
Ontario, Canada
Europe
Tvinnereim et al.
(1997)
Norway
1990-94
Lyngbye et al. (1991)
Denmark
Gil et al. (1996)
Coruna, Spain
Nowak and
Chmielnicka (2000)
Poland
Dentine chips from schoolchildren living
in a remote area.
Mean value of 9.2 µg/g dry weight (n = 61) Attributed the high values to consumption of
lead contaminated game meat.
2,746 deciduous whole teeth. Mean 1.27 ± 1.87 µg/g of dry tooth substance Observed an ~50% reduction in lead
concentrations since the 1970s.
In 2,033 teeth from 1, 848 children. Geometric mean for the largest group from Arhus to
be 8.4 µg/g (wet weight) with similar values from
Copenhagen suburbs with a secondary lead smelter
(9.6 µg/g) and a lead battery factory (9.9 µg/g).
220 whole deciduous and permanent teeth
(one per subject).
Compared permanent teeth from two
cohorts, one from the highly polluted
Katowice district and a control town of
Beskid.
Permanent teeth showed higher mean values
(13.1 ±1.1 µg/g) than deciduous teeth (4.0 ± 1.1 µg/g)
In the control teeth, they observed decreases in lead
for incisors (41.8 µg/g) to canines (37.5 µg/g) to
molars (35.3 µg/g) to premolars (32.0 µg/g).
However, there was no difference in the mean values
for the two centers: Katowice 36.5 ± 16.3 µg/g and
Beskid 36.3 ± 11.5 µg/g.
Concluded that automobile
exhausts and indirect occupational
exposure were important sources
for the lead in dentine.
Found no gender differences.
These values are very high compared with
most other studies.