Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX4-33
Table AX4-8 (cont’d). Bone Lead Studies of Menopausal and Middle-aged to Elderly Subjects
Reference, Study
Location, and
Period Study Description
United States (cont’d)
Lin et al. (2004)
Boston, MA
1999-2000
Berkowitz et al.
(2004)
New York
1994-99
Schafer et al.
(2005)
Baltimore, MD
Community Lead Study. Measured PbB
and bone Pb levels among minority
individuals from Boston. Compared with
earlier studies of predominantly white
subjects, the 84 volunteers in this study
(33:67 male to female ratio; 31-72 yrs of
age) had similar educational,
occupational, and smoking profiles and
mean blood, tibia, and patella Pb levels.
LOWESS smoothing curves. Multiple
linear regression analyses to predict
blood, tibia and patella Pb.
Longitudinal study of 91 premenopausal
and perimenopausal women aged
$ 30 yrs of age from New York who
were undergoing surgical menopause
(baseline; n 84) to determine if bone Pb
values decrease and PbB values increase
during menopause. Tibia Pb
concentrations measured at baseline, 6
mo (70) and 18 mo (62) post surgery.
Evaluated the relations among PbB, tibia
Pb, and homocysteine levels by crosssectional
analysis among subjects in the
Baltimore Memory Study, a longitudinal
study of 1, 140 randomly selected
residents in Baltimore, MD, aged 50-70
yr and 66.0% female, 53.9% white, and
41.4% black or African American.
Multiple linear regression analyses.
Lead Measurement (SD or range)
PbB in µg/dL, Bone Pb in µg/g Bone Mineral Findings, Interpretation