Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-246
Table AX6-9.6 (cont’d). Effects of Lead on the Endocrine System in Adults
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Europe (cont’d)
Erfurth et al. (2001)
Sweden
NR
Gustafson et al. (1989)
Sweden
NR
Campbell et al. (1985)
UK
NR
Design: cross-sectional cohort
Subjects: adult male active secondary smelter
workers (n = 62), mean age 43 yr (range 21–
78) reference worker group (n = 26), mean
age 43 yr (range 23–66)
Outcome measures: serum FT3, FT4, TSH,
TES, SHBG; TRH-stimulated serum TSH;
GnRH-stimulated serum FSH, LH, and PRL
Analysis: nonparametric comparison of
outcome measures between Pb workers and
reference group; multivariate linear regression
Design: cross-sectional cohort
Subjects: adult male secondary smelter
workers (n = 21) mean age 36.0 yr (SD 10.4);
individually matched for age, sex, and work
shift (n = 21)
Outcome measures: serum FTES, TTES;
FSH, LH, PRL, COR, TSH, TT3, TT4
Analysis: nonparametric comparison of
outcome measures between Pb workers and
reference group, correlation
Design: cross-sectional cohort
Subjects: adult male welders (n = 25);
reference subjects (n = 8) (ages NR)
Outcome measures: plasma ACE, AI, PRA,
plasma ALD
Analysis: linear regression, nonlinear least
squares
Blood Pb (µg/dL) median (range):
Pb: 31.1 (8.3–93.2)
Reference: 4.1 (0.8–6.2)
Plasma Pb (µg/dL) median (range):
Pb: 31.1 (8.3–93.2)
Reference: 4.1 (0.8–6.2)
Urine Pb (µg/g creatinine) median (range):
Pb: 19.6 (3.1–80.6)
Reference: 4.1 (2.4–7.3)
Bone (finger) Pb (µg/g) median (range):
Pb: 25 (−13 to 99)
Reference: 2 (−21 to 14)
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean (SE):
Pb: 39.4 (2.1)
Reference: 5.0 (0.2)
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean (SD, range): 35.6
(15.3, 8–62)
Basal hormone levels in workers not different from
reference group (p ∃ 0.05); age-adjusted basal
hormone levels not associated with plasma Pb, blood
Pb, urine Pb, or bone Pb. In an age-matched subset
of the cohorts (n = 9 Pb workers, n = 11 reference),
median GnRH-stimulated serum FSH was
significantly (p = 0.014) lower (77 IU/L Η hr) in Pb
workers than in reference group (162 IU/L Η hr).
No association between stimulated TSH, LH, FSH or
PRL and Pb measures.
Significantly higher TT4 (p < 0.02) and lower serum
FSH (p = 0.009) in Pb workers compared to
reference group. When restricted to the age range