Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-236
Table AX6-9.4 (cont’d). Effects of Lead on Hematopoietic System in Adults
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Europe (cont’d)
Poulos et al. (1986)
Greece
NR
Romeo et al. (1996)
Italy
NR
Graziano et al. (1990)
Yugoslavia
1986
Design: cross-sectional cohort
Subjects: adult male cable production
workers who were exposed to Pb (worker 1;
n = 50, mean age 37 yr); male cable workers
who had not direct contact with Pb (worker
2, n = 75, mean age 36.5 yr); reference group
(n = 35, mean age 39 yr)
Outcome measures: blood Hgb, Hct
Analysis: simple linear regression in the
form: mean Hct = a + ∃(individual Hct –
group mean Hct)
Design: cross-sectional cohort
Subjects: adult male Pb workers (n = 28),
age range, 17–73; reference group (n = 113),
age range, 21–75 yr
Outcome measures: serum EPO, blood Hgb
Analysis: nonparametric comparison of
outcome measures between Pb workers and
reference group; correlation
Design: prospective
Subjects: pregnant women (n = 1502) from
high-Pb (smelter/refinery) and low-Pb areas
Outcome measures: Hgb
Analysis: comparison of outcome measures
between high-and low-Pb groups
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean
(SE):
Worker 1: 27.0 (0.7)
Worker 2: 18.3 (0.6)
Reference: 21.5 (1.5)
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean
(SD, range):
Pb 1: 32.3 (5.6, 30–49)
Pb 2: 65.1 (16, 50–92)
Reference: 10.4 (4.3, 3–
20)
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean
(95% CI):
High Pb: 17.1 (6.9, 42.6)
Low Pb: 5.1 (2.5, 10.6)
Significant association between increasing blood Pb and decreasing
Hct:
Worker 1: ∀ = 46.50, ∃ = −0.170 (SE 0.079), p < 0.05
Worker 2: ∀ = 44.57, ∃ = −0.180 (SE 0.083), p < 0.05
Reference: ∀ = 44.69, ∃ = −0.255 (SE 0.044), p < 0.001
Significant association between increasing blood Pb and decreasing
blood Hgb:
Worker 1: ∀ = 15.23, ∃ = −0.058 (SE 0.028), p < 0.05
Worker 2: ∀ = 14.58, ∃ = −0.071 (SE 0.034), p < 0.05
Reference: ∀ = 14.64, ∃ = −0.087 (SE 0.015), p < 0.001
Significantly (p = 0.021) lower serum EPO in Pb workers compared
to reference group. No significant (p < 0.05) Pb effect on blood
Hgb.
Mean blood Hgb levels (g/dL) in high-Pb group (12.4; 95% CI:
10.3, 14.5) not different from low-Pb group (12.3; 95% CI: 10.0,
14.7).