Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-235
Table AX6-9.4 (cont’d). Effects of Lead on Hematopoietic System in Adults
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Europe (cont’d)
Gennart et al. (1992)
Belgium
NR
Mohammed-Brahim
et al. (1985)
Belgium
NR
Hajem et al. (1990)
France
NR
Design: cross-sectional cohort
Subjects: adult battery manufacture workers
(n = 98), mean age, 37.7 yr (range 22–55);
reference group (n = 85), mean age 38.8 yr
(24–55)
Outcome measures: blood Hgb, RBC count,
Hct, blood EP
Analysis: linear regression
Design: cross-sectional cohort
Subjects: adult smelter and ceramics
manufacture workers (n = 38, 13 females);
reference subjects (n = 100) matched with
worker group by age, sex, and
socioeconomic status
Outcome measures: blood P5N, EP, ALAD,
R/ALAD (ratio of ALAD before and after
reactivation).
Analysis: comparison of outcome measures
(ANOVA) between Pb workers and
reference group; correlation
Design: cross-sectional
Subjects: adult males (n = 129), mean age
36 yr (SD 7.8, range 24–55), with no
environmental exposure to Pb
Outcome measures: erythrocyte membrane
activities of Na+-K+-ATPase, Na+-K+-cotransport,
Na+-Li+-antiport, and passive Na+
and K+ permeability
Analysis: linear regression, correlation
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean
(SD, range):
Pb: 51.0 (8.0, 40–70)
Reference: 20.9 (11.1, 4.4–
30.0)
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean
(SD, range):
Pb: 48.5 (9.1, 27.8–66.6)
Reference: 14.3 (6.7, 5.6–
33.6)
Urine Pb (µg/g creatinine)
mean (SD, range):
Pb: 84.0 (95.9, 21.8–587)
Reference: 10.5 (8.2, 1.7–
36.9)
Blood Pb (µg/dL)
geometric mean (95% CI,
range):
16.0 (15.2–16.8, 8.0–33.0)
Hair Pb (µg/g) geometric
mean (95% CI, range):
5.3 (4.44–6.23, 0.9–60)
Significant association between increasing blood Pb concentration
and decreasing blood Hgb (∃ = −0.011, r = 0.22, p = 0.003) or Hct
(∃ = -0.035, r = 0.24, p < 0.01).
Significant association between increasing blood Pb concentration
and increasing blood EP (∃ = 0.0191, r = 0.87, p = 0.0001)
(No apparent analysis of covariables).
Significantly lower (p = NR) P5N in Pb workers (males or females,
or combined) compared to corresponding reference groups.
Correlations with blood Pb:
log P5N r = −0.79 (p < 0.001)
log ALAD r = −0.97 (p = NR)
R/ALAD r = −0.94 (p < 0.001)
log EP r = 0.86 (p = NR)
Correlations with urine Pb:
log P5N r = −0.74 (p = NR)
log ALAD r = −0.79 (p = NR)
R/ALAD r = −0.84 (p < 0.001)
log EP r = 0.80 (p = NR)
Na+-K+-co-transport activity negatively correlated with blood Pb
concentration (r = −0.23, p = 0.02); linear regression:
∀ = 583.19, ∃ = −170.70
Na+-K+-ATPase activity negatively correlated with hair Pb
(r = −0.18, p = 0.04); simple linear regression:
∀ = 3.34, ∃ = −0.02