Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-226
Table 6-9.2 (cont’d). Effects of Lead on Biochemical Effects in Adults
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Europe (cont’d)
Wildt et al. (1987)
Sweden
NR
Asia
Hsieh et al. (2000)
China
NR
Jiun and Hsien (1994)
China
1992
Froom et al. (1999)
Israel
1980–1993
Design: longitudinal
Subjects: adult battery manufacture workers
(n = 234, 37 females) mean age 35 y (range
17–70); reference group (n = 951, 471
females), mean age 39 yr (range 19–67)
Outcome measures: EP
Analysis: analysis of variability over time,
linear regression, correlation
Design: cross-sectional
Subjects: Adults in general population
(n = 630, 255 females)
Outcome measures: blood Hgb, Hct, RBC
count, ALAD genotype
Analysis: comparison of outcome measures
between ALAD genotype strata
Design: longitudinal
Subjects: adult male Pb workers (n = 62),
ages NR; reference group (n = 62, 40 females),
ages NR
Outcome measures: plasma MDA
Analysis: comparison of outcome measures
between Pb workers and reference group,
linear regression
Design: longitudinal survey
Subjects: adult male battery manufacturing
workers (n = 94), mean age, 38 yr (SD 9,
range 26–60)
Outcome measures: blood Hgb, blood EP
Analysis: multivariate linear regression
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean
(range):
Pb: 10–80
Reference:
Male: 11.3 (8–27)
Female: 8.5 (5–21)
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean
(SD):
ALAD1,1 (n = 630):
6.5 (5.0)
ALAD1,1/2,2 (n = 30):
7.8 (6.0)
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean
(SD, range):
Pb: 37.2
(12.5, 18.2–76.0)
Reference: 13.4
(7.5, 4.8–43.9)
Blood Pb (µg/dL) range of
13-yr individual subject
means:
20–61 µg/dL
Linear regression for EP (log-transformed) and blood Pb
concentration:
Males (n = 851): ∀ = 1.21, ∃ = 0.0148, r = 0.72
Females (n = 139): ∀ = 1.48, ∃ = 0.0113, r = 0.56
Mean blood Pb not different between ALAD genotype strata
(p = 0.17). RBC count, Hgb, Hct not different between ALAD
genotype strata (p = 0.7)
Plasma MDA levels significantly (p < 0.0001) higher (~2x) in Pb
workers whose blood Pb concentration 35 µg/dL compared to
#30 µg/dL. In subjects with blood Pb >35 µg/dL, blood Pb and
plasma MDA were significantly correlated:
blood Pb = 9.584(MDA) + 24.412 (r = 0.85)
Weak (and probably not significant) covariate-adjusted association
between blood Hgb and individual sample blood Pb (∃ = −0.0039
[SE 0.0002]), subject avg blood Pb (∃ = −0.0027 [SE 0.0036]), or
blood EP (∃ = −0.001 [SE 0.0007])
Covariates retained in model were age and smoking habits.