Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-225
Table 6-9.2 (cont’d). Effects of Lead on Biochemical Effects in Adults
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Europe (cont’d)
Fracasso et al. (2002)
Italy
NR
Hernberg et al. (1970)
Poland
NR
Bergdahl et al. (1997)
Sweden
NR
Selander and Cramϑr
(1970)
Sweden
NR
Design: cross-sectional cohort
Subjects: adult battery manufacture workers
(n = 37, 6 females), mean age 41 yr (SD 7);
reference office workers (n = 29, 8 females),
mean age 38 yr (SD 21)
Outcome measures: lymphocyte DNA strand
breaks, ROS, GSH
Analysis: comparison of outcome measures
between Pb workers and reference group
(ANOVA), logistic regression
Design: cross-sectional
Subjects: adult Pb workers (n = 166);
reference group (n = 16)
Outcome measures: blood ALAD
Analysis: regression, correlation
Design: cross-sectional
Subjects: adult smelter worker (n = 89);
reference groups (n = 24)
Outcome measures: blood Pb, erythrocyte
ALAD-bound Pb, ALAD genotype
Analysis: comparison of outcome measures
Design: cross-sectional
Subjects: adult battery manufacture workers
(n = 177)
Outcome measures: urine ALA
Analysis: regression, correlation
Blood Pb (µg/dL) mean
(SD):
Pb: 39.6 (7.6)
Reference: 4.4 (8.6)
Blood Pb (µg/dL) range:
5–95
Blood Pb (µg/dL) range:
0.8–93
Urine Pb (mg/L) range:
1–112
Bone Pb (µg/g) range:
−19–101
Blood Pb (µg/dL) range:
6–90
Covariate-adjusted DNA strand breaks were significantly higher in
Pb workers compared to the reference group and significantly
associated with increased blood Pb (p = 0.011).
Covariate-adjusted lymphocyte ROS was significantly higher and
GSH significantly lower in the Pb workers compared to the
reference group. Lower GSH levels were significantly associated
with increasing blood Pb concentration (p = 0.006).
Odds ratios (OR) for DNA strand breaks and lower GSH levels
were significant (Pb workers vs. reference):
DNA strand breaks: OR = 1.069 (95% CI: 1.020, 1.120),
p = 0.005
GSH: OR = 0.634 (95% CI: 0.488, 0.824), p = 0.001
ROS: OR = 1.430 (95% CI: 0.787, 2.596), p = 0.855
Covariates retained: age, alcohol consumption and tobacco
smoking.
Linear regression for blood ALAD (log-transformed) and blood Pb
concentration (n = 158):
∀ = 2.274, ∃ = −0.018, r = −0.90, p < 0.001
No association between ALAD genotype and Pb measures.
Linear regression for urine ALA (log-transformed) and blood Pb
concentration (n = 150):
∀ = −1.0985, ∃ = 0.0157, r = 0.74