Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-195
Table AX6-7.4 (cont’d). Other Studies of Lead Exposure and Cancer
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings and Interpretation
United States (cont’d)
Cocco et al. (1998b)
U.S.
1984-1992
Case-control design.
Cases: all 28,416 CNS cancer deaths
occurring among persons aged 35 or
older during 1984-1992, from U.S.
4-state death certificate registry.
Controls: 4 gender-, race-, age-, and
region-matched controls per case
selected from deaths due to
nonmalignant causes.
Subjects were subdivided into 4 groups
by gender and race (white or African-
American) for all analyses.
Death certificate listed industry
and occupation was used to
categorize decedents. No
estimates of Pb exposure
specifically.
OR (95% CI)
All occupations or industries with ORs above 1.0 and p < 0.05 in at
least one race-gender group were reported
Newspaper printing and publishing industry:
White male 1.4 (1.1, 1.8)
Black male 3.1 (0.9, 10.9)
Typesetting and compositing:
White male 2.0 (1.1, 3.8)
White female 1.3 (0.4, 3.8)
Black female 4.2 (0.6, 30.7)
No deaths among black males.
Only two Pb exposure associated occupations or industries showed a
statistically significant elevation of mortality. No specific measures
of Pb exposure. Occupation based solely on death certificate, hence
there was substantial opportunity for misclassification.