Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-171
Table AX6-6.1 (cont’d). Placental Transfer of Lead from Mother to Fetus
Reference and
Study Location Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
United States (cont’d)
Gershanik et al.
(1974)
Shreveport, LA
Europe
Graziano et al.
(1990)
Kosovo, Yugoslavia
Huel et al. (1981)
France
Lauwerys et al.
(1978); Roels et al.
(1978) Belgium
Barltrop (1969)
England
98 mother-infant pairs. Maternal blood Pb during labor:
Mean 10.3 µg/dL
902 births in Titova Mitrovica, site of a
large Pb smelter, refinery, and battery
factory, and Pristina, a non-Pb-exposed
control town.
Hair sample pairs (n = 100) from mothers
and newborns at time of delivery.
474 mother-infant pairs from Antwerp,
Brussels, Leuven, Tournai, and Vilvoorde.
Cord blood Pb:
Mean 10.1 µg/dL
Maternal blood Pb at mid-pregnancy:
Geometric means:
Titova Mitrovica 17.1 µg/dL (95% CI:
16.9, 42.6)
Pristina 5.1 µg/dL (95% CI: 2.5, 10.6)
Maternal hair Pb:
Geometric mean 8.5 µg/dL
Fetal hair Pb:
Geometric mean 7.3 µg/dL
Maternal blood Pb:
Mean 10.1 µg/dL (range 3.1-31)
Infant blood Pb:
Mean 8.3 µg/dL (range 2.7-27.3)
29 paired maternal and fetal samples. Maternal blood Pb:
Mean 13.9 µg/100 g
Placenta blood Pb:
Median 7.5 µg/100 g wet weight (range 1.1-39.5)
Cord blood Pb:
Mean 10.8 µg/100 g
Correlation coefficient = 0.64
Maternal blood Pb at delivery and cord
blood Pb:
Correlation coefficient = 0.920, ∃ = 0.928
Correlation coefficient = 0.24
Maternal-infant blood Pb:
Correlation coefficient = 0.81, ∃ = 0.73
ln placenta-maternal blood Pb:
Correlation coefficient = 0.22
ln placenta-infant blood Pb:
Correlation coefficient = 0.28
Correlation coefficient = 0.86