Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-132
Table AX6-5.1 (cont’d). Effects of Lead on Blood Pressure and Hypertension
Reference, Study
Location, and
Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
United States (cont’d)
Den Hond et al.
(2002)
U.S.-NHANES III
1988-1994
Gerr et al. (2002)
U.S.-Spokane WA
and area around
Silver Valley ID
1994
4,685 white males, 5,138 white
females, 1,761 black males, 2,197
black females, from 20 yrs up. Logtransformed
blood Pb, systolic and
diastolic blood pressure measured at
survey time and analyzed with
forward, stepwise multiple
regression with covariates.
Avg age:
White
Male: 44.3 yrs
Female: 46.2 yrs
Black
Male: 40.5 yrs
Female: 41.5 yrs
502 young people, age 19-29 yrs,
53% female, nearly evenly divided
into the Spokane group (no unusual
childhood exposure) and the Silver
Valley group, where a Pb smelter
operated during their childhood.
Multiple regression models of
systolic blood pressure and diastolic
blood pressure. All covariates
forced into model as block with both
linear blood Pb and tibia bone Pb in
each model.
Geometric mean
(25th-75th percentile)
blood Pb:
White male mean 3.6 µg/dL
(2.3-5.3)
White female mean 2.1 µg/dL
(1.3-3.4)
Black male mean 4.2 µg/dL
(2.7-6.5)
Black female mean 2.3 µg/dL
(1.4-3.9)
Mean (SD) blood Pb only
given stratified on tibia Pb
category:
Tibia