Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-109
Table AX6-4.3 (cont’d). Renal Effects of Lead in the Patient Population
Reference, Study
Location, and
Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Europe (cont’d)
Van de Vyver et al.
(1988)
Belgium, France
and Germany
Study date not
provided
Winterberg et al.
(1991)
Study location and
date not provided;
authors from
Germany
Latin and South America
Navarro et al. (1992)
Venezuela
Study date not
provided
Transiliac bone biopsies obtained from:
11 cadavers without known Pb exposure and with normal
renal function
13 patients with CRI, gout and/or HTN 22 Pb workers
153 dialysis patients
Iliac crest bone Pb measured by biopsy in:
8 controls
8 patients with CRI
14 dialysis patients
18 dialysis patients.
14 controls.
Bone (biopsy) and blood levels of Pb and several other
metals.
Mean transiliac Pb levels
5.5 µg/g (153 dialysis pts)
20.6 µg/g (in highest 5%
dialysis pts)
3.7 µg/g (in 10 pts on dialysis
due to analgesic nephropathy)
6.3 µg/g (11 cadavers)
30.1 µg/g (22 Pb workers)
Mean iliac crest bone Pb levels
1.63 µg/g (8 controls)
2.18 µg/g (8 patients with
CRI)
3.59 µg/g (in 14 dialysis pts)
Mean blood Pb
5.2 µg/dL (patients)
11.5 µg/dL (controls)
Mean Pb in bone
9.7 µg/g (patients)
7.0 µg/g (controls)
In 5% of the hemodialysis patients studied, bone Pb
concentrations approximated the levels found in
active Pb workers, suggesting Pb as a primary cause
of their renal failure. Levels in the 10 patients with
analgesic nephropathy were the lowest (all