Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-82
Table AX6-4.2 (cont’d). Renal Effects of Lead in the Occupational Population
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Europe (cont’d)
C35 μg/dL and exposure >1 yr were required
in exposed workers. Participants with renal disease, renal
risk factors, such as diabetes or regular analgesic medication
use, or urinary cadmium >2 μg/g creatinine, were excluded.
Multiple linear regression; adjusted for urinary creatinine
and, in some cases, BMI.
Serum creatinine
1.02 mg/dL (workers)
1.03 mg/dL (controls)
Battery of more than 20 renal biomarkers obtained
including:
RBP
68 µg/L (workers)
64 µg/L (controls)
NAG
1.56 U/L (workers)
1.21 U/L (controls)
Mean blood Pb
48.0 µg/dL (workers)
16.7 µg/dL (controls)
Mean duration of Pb
exposure = 14 yrs
Urinary cadmium also
measured as potential
confounder.
Serum creatinine was not increased in Pb workers
compared to controls; associations between Pb dose and
serum creatinine, if assessed, were not specifically
reported.
In all 82, blood Pb:
-associated with thromboxane B2 (∃ = 0.36, p < 0.01).
-negatively associated with 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 alpha
(∃ = !0.179, p < 0.01).
Zinc protoporphyrin positively associated with sialic acid
excretion.
NAG increased in Pb workers but associated with urinary
cadmium.
Limitations = sample size, potential for healthy worker
bias, limited statistical analysis.