Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-75
Table AX6-4.1 (cont’d). Renal Effects of Lead in the General Population
Reference, Study
Location, and
Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Europe
Alfven et al. (2002)
Sweden
OSCAR Study
Date not provided
Akesson et al. (2005)
Women’s Health in
the Lund Area Study,
1999-2000
N = 479 men, 542 women. All resided near two
battery plants, 117 participants were current or former
workers from plants.
Renal outcome = urinary α 1 microglobulin.
Multiple linear regression.
Age, smoking status, gender (by stratification),
blood cadmium.
N = 820 women
Renal outcomes = GFR (estimated with cystatin C),
estimated creatinine clearance, urinary NAG and α 1
microglobulin.
Multiple linear regression.
Age, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and
regular use of nephrotoxic drug, blood and urinary
cadmium (in separate models), smoking status
(by stratification).
Mean blood Pb
0.16 µmolg/L men
0.11 µmolg/L women
Mean blood Pb
2.2 µg/dL
Blood Pb not associated with urinary α 1 microglobulin
(regression performed separately in men and women).
Blood Pb negatively associated with estimated GFR and
creatinine clearance. No associations with NAG or α1
microglobulin.
∃ (95% CI) for association between blood Pb (µg/dL) and
estimated creatinine clearance (mL/min) is !1.8
(!3.0, !0.7).