Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX6-70
Table AX6-4.1. Renal Effects of Lead in the General Population
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Pb Measurement Findings, Interpretation
United States
Kim et al. (1996)
Boston, MA
1979-1994
459 men in the Normative Aging Study; periodic
exams every 3-5 yrs.
Mean serum creatinine at baseline
1.2 mg/dL
Random effects modeling, adjusting for baseline age,
time since initial visit, body mass index, smoking
status, alcohol ingestion, education level,
hypertension (defined as blood pressure ≥160 or 95
mm Hg or anti-hypertensive medication use), and, in
longitudinal analysis, baseline serum creatinine and
time between visits.
Mean (SD) blood Pb at
baseline
9.9 (6.1) µg/dL
Blood Pb levels from stored
red blood cells were adjusted
for hematocrit; the assay and
adjustment procedure were
validated against freshly
collected samples. Storage
tubes were shown to be Pb
free.
Cross-sectional
Positive association between log transformed blood Pb
and concurrent serum creatinine. 10-fold higher blood Pb
level associated with 0.08 mg/dL higher serum creatinine
(95% CI: 0.02, 0.13).
Association stronger in participants with lower peak blood
Pb levels. ∃ coefficient (95% CI) in the 141 participants
whose peak blood Pb #10 µg/dL: 0.06 (95% CI: 0.023,
0.097).
Longitudinal
Positive association between log transformed blood Pb
and change in serum creatinine over subsequent follow-up
period in participants whose peak blood Pb was #25 µg/dL
∃ coefficient 0.027 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.054)
Slope of age-related increase in serum creatinine steeper in
group with highest quartile of time weighted avg Pb
exposure compared to the lowest quartile.