Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX4-8
Table AX4-3 (cont’d). Bone Lead Measurements in Cadavers
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description Lead Measurement Findings, Interpretation
Europe
Drasch et al. (1987)
Germany
1983-85
Drasch and Ott (1988)
Germany
1984
Hac et al. (1997)
Poland
Asia
Noda et al. (1993)
Japan
1976, 1981, and 1986
Bone Pb in temporal
bone, cortical part of
the mid-femur, and
pelvic bone from
120 female and 120
male adult cadavers.
AAS.
Bone Pb in temporal
bone, cortical part of
the mid femur, and
pelvic bone from
82 child cadavers.
Nitric acid digestion,
AAS.
Pb in rib bone and hair
from 59 cadavers, aged
1-87 yrs. Perchloric
acid digestion, AAS.
76 cadavers, age range
0 to 83 yrs.
Geometric means:
Males: Pelvic 1.95 ± 1.00 (µg/g, wet weight), mid-femur 4.75 ± 2.53, temporal 6.24 ± 3.17.
Females: Pelvic 1.41 ± 0.74 (µg/g), mid-femur 3.14 ± 1.89, temporal 5.00 ± 2.66.
Age 0-1 yrs 1-6 yrs 10-20 yrs 0-20 yrs
Sex Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
n 9 16 9 9 18 16 39 42
Temporal 0.331 0.334 0.530 0.732 1.770 1.740 0.858 0.749
Pelvic
bone
0.230 0.278 0.461 0.522 0.748 0.511 0.455 0.404
Mid-femur 0.333 0.327 0.642 0.858 1.342 1.010 0.768 0.632
(values in µg/g wet weight)
Found cortical lead >
trabecular lead. Limited
difference in Pb for younger
males and females; much
higher Pb in bones of men
>50 yr old compared with
women
Negligible difference for 0 to
1 yr olds, for pre-school
children (1-6 yrs) and for
10 to 20 yr olds; mean values
for cortical bones showed
higher Pb concentrations than
trabecular bone; mean Pb in
the mid femur and temporal
bone was not statistically
different for each of three
age groups.
Bone Pb 3.0 (±1.5) µg/g (n = 54). Small increases to age 50 yrs
in rib bone. Number of
samples for each age group
not stated.
Age 0 yrs (1.25 µg/g wet weight) to 59 yrs (4.5 µg/g) after which there was a decrease
(~2.5 µg/g). For the age range 10-49 yrs, there was no significant difference in mean
values of 2.8 to 3.1 µg/g.
Found no significant gender
difference but levels in 1986
were significantly lower than
in 1976.