Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX4-4
Table AX4-2. Summary of Selected Measurements of PbB Levels in Humans
Reference, Study
Location, and Period Study Description PbB Measurement Comment
United States
CDC (2005)
U.S.
1999-2002
Brody et al. (1994)
Pirckle et al. (1998)
U.S.
1988-1994
Design: National survey (NHANES IV)
stratified, multistage probability cluster design
Subjects: Children and adults ($1 yrs, n = 16, 915)
in general population
Biomarker measured: PbB
Analysis: ICP-MS
Design: National survey (NHANES III)
stratified multistage probability cluster design.
Subjects: Children and adults ($1 yrs, n = 29, 843)
in general population
Biomarker measured: PbB
Analysis: GFAAS
Units: µg/dL
Geometric mean (95% CI)
Age (yr) 1999-2000 2001-2002
1-5: 1.66 (1.60, 1.72) 1.45 (1.39, 1.40)
n: 7, 970 8, 945
6-11: 1.51 (1.36, 1.66) 1.25 (1.14, 1.36)
n: 905 1,044
12-19: 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) 0.94 (0.90, 0.99)
n: 2, 135 2, 231
$20: 1.75 (1.68, 1.81) 1.56 (1.49, 1.62)
n: 4, 207 4, 772
Males: 2.01 (1.93, 2.09) 1.78 (1.71, 1.86)
n: 3, 913 4, 339
Females: 1.37 (1.32, 1.43) 1.19 (1.14, 1.25)
n: 4,057 4, 606
Units: µg/dL
Geometric mean (95% CI)
Age (yr) 1988-1991 1991-1994
1-5: 3.6 (3.3, 4.0) 2.7 (2.5, 3.0)
n: 2, 234 2, 392
6-11: 2.5 (2.2, 2.7) 1.9 (1.8, 2.1)
n: 1, 587 1, 345
12-19: 1.6 (1.4, 1.9) 1.5 (1.4, 1.7)
n: 1, 376 1, 615
20-49: 2.6 (2.5, 2.8) 2.1 (2.0, 2.2)
n: 4, 320 4, 716
50-69 4.0 (3.8, 4.2) 3.1 (2.9, 3.2)
n: 2,071 2,026
$70 4.0 (3.7, 4.3) 3.4 (3.3, 3.6)
n: 1, 613 1, 548
Males: 3.7 (3.5, 3.9) 2.8 (2.6, 2.9)
n: 6,051 6, 258
Females: 2.1 (2.0, 2.2) 1.9 (1.8, 2.)
n: 6,068 7, 384
Data from NHANES IV Phase 1
(1999-2000) and 2 (2001-2002).
Comparison of data from NHANES III
Phase 1 (1988-1991) and Phase 2
(1991-1994) indicated declining PbB
concentrations in children.