Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX4-2
Table AX4-1. Analytical Methods for Determining Lead in Blood, Urine, and Hair
Sample
Matrix Preparation Method Analytical Method
Blood Wet ashing with acid mixtures; residue dissolution in
dilute HClO 4
Blood Wet ashing with HNO3; residue dissolution in dilute
HNO3
Blood Dilution with Triton X-100 ® ; addition of nitric acid
and diammonium phosphate
Blood Dilution of sample with ammonium solution
containing Triton X-100
ASV with mercurygraphite
electrode
(NIOSH Method 195)
GFAAS
(NIOSH Method 214)
Sample
Detection Limit
Accuracy
(percent recovery) Reference
40 µg/L 95B105 NIOSH (1977b)
100 µg/L No data NIOSH (1977e)
GFAAS 2.4 µg/L 93B105 Aguilera de Benzo
et al. (1989)
ICP/MS 15 µg/L 96B111 Delves and Campbell
(1988)
Blood Dilution of sample in 0.2% Triton X-100 and water GFAAS .15 µg/L 97B150 Que Hee et al. (1985)
Blood Wet ashing, dilution
Blood and
urine
Blood and
urine
Blood and
urine
Blood and
tissue
Mixing of urine sample with HNO3; filtration,
chelation of lead in whole blood or filtered urine with
APDC, extraction with MIBK
Wet ashing of sample with HNO 3, complexation
with diphenylthio-carbazone, and extraction with
chloroform
206 Pb addition and sample acid digestion; lead
coprecipitation by addition of Ba(NO3) 2, followed by
electrodeposition on platinum wire
ICP-MS 0.1 ppb 94B100
GFAAS 4 ppb 90B108
AAS
(NIOSH Method 8003)
Spectrophotometry
(NIOSH Method 102)
0.05 µg/g (blood);
50 µg/L (urine)
30 µg/L (blood);
12 µg/L (urine)
Zhang et al. (1997)
99 (±10.8%) NIOSH (1994)
97
97
NIOSH (1977a)
IDMS No data 98B99 Manton and Cook
(1984)
Digestion of sample with HNO3/HClO4 /H2SO4; heat ICP-AES (Method 8005) 0.01 µg/g (blood);
0.2 µg/g (tissue)
113 NIOSH (1984)