Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-164
Table AX5-10.2 (cont’d). Biochemical and Molecular Perturbations in Lead-induced Liver Tissue
Concentration Duration Species Blood Lead Effects a Reference
Sodium vanadate,
30 mg/kg
subcutaneous in mice
30 mg/kg b.wt, i.p. in
rats
0.5 mM
Vanadium sulphate in
drinking water for
chronic treatment
250–2000 ppm Pb
acetate in diet
1.25–20.00 mg/L Pb
nitrate, oral
250 mg/L of Pb as Pb
acetate, oral
35–70 mg, Pb intra
gastric
Abbreviations
Acute studies,
24 h
Chronic studies
10 wks
Male Swiss-
Webster mice
Male Sprague
Dawley Rat
19 days Arbor Acre broiler
chicks
—
—
Sodium orthovandate increases lipid peroxidation in kidneys of mice and
rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation increased 100%, with in 1 h
after injection.
In both rat and mice, no significant increase in lipid peroxidation was
observed in brain, heart, lung, and spleen.
Chronic exposure to vanadium, through maternal milk and drinking water
for 10 wks increased MDA formation and lipid peroxidation in kidneys.
— Dietary Pb consistently increased liver arachidonic acid, the
arachidonate/linoleate ratio and hepatic non-protein sulfhydryl
concentration. Hepatic microsomal fatty acid elongation activity was
decreased by Pb over all. These results demonstrate that changes in the
precursors and mechanisms involved with eicosanoid metabolism are not
always reflected in tissue concentrations of leukotriens and prostaglandin.
30 days Fresh water fish — Pb accumulation in the liver and other tissue increased in a dose dependent
manner up to 5mg/L, exposure to sublethal concentration (5 ppm) of Pb
reduced the total lipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol levels in the liver
and ovary. Pb nitrate may affect the fecundity of fish by altered lipid
metabolism.
5 wks of exposure
followed by 4 wks
of recovery
One or two times a
wk/7 wks
a CYP—Cytochrome P-450
ALAD—Aminolevulinic acid dehydratas
GSH—Reduced Glutathione
Weanling female
SD rats
Male Buffalo rats Control: 4.6 µg/dL
Pb 35 mg/kg:
16.8 µg/dL
Pb 70 mg/kg:
32.4 µg/dL
— Effect of weight loss on body burden of Pb: weight loss increases the
quantity and concentration of Pb in the liver even in the absence of
continued exposure.
ZPP—Zinc protoporphyrin
HMP—Hexose monophosphate shunt pathway
b. wt.—body weight
Decrease in plasma cholesterol, and HDL fraction, increase in serum
triglyceride, atrophy of the elastic fibers in the aorta.
Donaldson et al.
(1985)
Knowles and
Donaldson et al.
(1990)
Tulasi et al. (1992)
Han et al. (1996)
Skoczynska et al.
(1993)