Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-155
Species
Nitric Oxide
Table AX5.9.6. Pattern of Lead-induced Macrophage Immunotoxicity
Strain/
Gender Age Function
In Vivo/
Ex Vivo
Lowest Effective
Dose
Duration
of Exposure References
Human Both genders Juvenile ↓NO Yes NK Pineda-Zavaleta et al.
(2004)
Rat CD males Embryo ↓NO Yes 500 ppm 6 days Bunn et al. (2001c)
Chicken Cornell K
strain females
Mouse BALB/c
females
Chicken HD-11 cell
line
Mouse CBA/J
females
Mouse CBA/J
females
Reactive Oxygen Intermediates
Human Associated in
males
Embryo ↓NO Yes 10 µg One injection
(E5)
Adult ↓NO No 20 µg/mL
one lower dose ↑NO
Lee et al. (2001)
2 hrs Krocova et al. (2000)
- ↓NO No 4.5 µg 18 hrs Chen et al. (1997b)
Adult ↓NO No 1.0 µg 4 days Tian and Lawrence (1996)
Adult ↓NO No 0.625 µM 4 days Tian and Lawrence (1995)
Juvenile ↑ROI Yes NK NK Pineda-Zavaleta et al.
(2004)
Rat Not indicated NK ↑ROI No 240 µM 3 hrs Shabani and Rabbani
(2000)
Mouse BALB/c
females
Rabbit New Zealand
white males
Adult ↑ROI Yes 1.5 mg/kg diet 30 days Baykov et al. (1996)
Adult ↑ROI Yes 31 µg/m 3 inhaled 3 days Zelikoff et al. (1993)