Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-148
Nature of
Exposure
Table AX5-9.1 (cont’d). Studies on Lead Exposure and Immune Effects in Humans
Dose or Blood Lead Levels
(BLLs) Sample Population Reported Effects Reference
Environmental 1.7–16.1 µg/dL
(Range in 15 µg/dL
>3 yrs of age–no differences.
Sarasua et al.
(2000)
Correlation of blood Pb levels and serum IgE levels in Missouri children. Lutz, et al.
(1999)
No major effects; only subtle effects.
Elev. B cells elevated CD4+/CD45RA+ cells.
Decr. Serum IgG.
T cell populations,
Naïve T cells correlated positively with blood PB levels. Memory T cells
reduced with Pb.
Absolute and relative numbers of CD4+ T cells reduced in exposed group.
IgG, IgM C3 and C4 serum levels all lower in workers.
Pinkerton
et al. (1998)
Sata et al.
(1998)
Undeger et al.
(1996)
No changes in serum Igs of PHA response of PBMC. Queiroz et al.
(1994)
T cell phenotypes and response—Pb reduced relative CD3+ cells and relative and
absolute CD4+ cells also reduced PHA (high Pb)and PWM mitogen responses,
reduced MLR also(high Pb).
Fischbein
et al. (1993)
IgE positively correlated with BLL. Horiguchi
et al. (1992)
Impaired neutrophil migration.
Impaired nitroblue tetrazolium positive neutrophils.
Greater for those exposed up to 1 yr than those with longer exposure “safe” levels
of Pb can still cause immunosuppression.
Pb associated with greater IgG production after stimulation with PWM–not dose
dependent.
Queiroz et al.
(1993)
Borella and
Giardino
(1991)