Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-143
Table AX5-8.6. Effects of Lead on Enamel and Dentin Formation
Compound
Dose/Concentration
Duration Exposure
Route Species Effects Blood Level Reference
Pb “salt”
0.075 mM/100 g ,
0.15 mM/100 g or
1.5 mM/100 g
Single, SC injection
Pb acetate
30 mg/kg
Single, i.v. injection
Pb acetate
3 mg/kg
Single, i.v. injection
Pb acetate
0 mg/l, 34 mg/l, or
170 mg/l
70 days
Drinking water
Pb acetate
40 mg/kg
Single, IP injection
Abbreviations
Pb—lead
mM—millimolar
g—gram
SC—subcutaneous
mg—milligram
kg—kilogram
Rat 0.075 mM dose, no disruption of dentin and enamel.
0.15 mM dose, mild mineralization disruption of dentin and enamel.
1.5 mM dose, mild to moderate disruption of dentin and enamel.
Rat Rapid rise in serum calcium and phosphorus after injection.
Formation of a “Pb line” in growing dentin within 6 hr after injection.
Not given Eisenmann and Yaeger
(1969)
Not given Appleton (1991)
Rat Production of a hypomineralized band in dentin. Not given Appleton (1992)
Rat Increased in relative amount of protein in enamel matrix.
Significant (p < 0.05) decrease in microhardness values of groups exposed
to Pb in regions of maturation enamel, but not fully mature enamel.
Delay in enamel mineralization in animals exposed to Pb.
Rat Significantly (p < 0.05) reduced eruption rates at various time points
(days 8, 14, 16, 22, 24, 28) under hypofunctional conditions.
i.v.—intravenous
l—liter
ppm—parts per million
IP—intraperitoneal
µg—microgram
dL—deciliter
0 mg/l group: 0 ppm
34 mg/l group:
18.1 ppm
170 mg/l group:
113.3 ppm
Days after injection
0 days: 48 µg/dL
10 days: 37 µg/dL
20 days: 28 µg/dL
30 days: 16 µg/dL
(Values estimated from
graph)
Gerlach et al. (2002)
Gerlach et al. (2000b)