Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-124
Table AX5-8.1 (cont’d). Bone Growth in Lead-exposed Animals
Compound
Dose/Concentration
Duration Exposure
Route Species Effects Blood Level Reference
Pb acetate
0.6%
GD 5 to Adulthood
(various)
In drinking water
Pb acetate
0.05% to 0.45%
GD 5 through sacrifice
of pups at 21, 35, 55,
and 85 days
In drinking water
Pb nitrate
0.02% (125 ppm)
GD5 to 1 day before
sacrifice
In drinking water
Rat Early bone growth was significantly depressed in a dose-dependent
fashion in pups of Pb-exposed pups, with growth suppression in male
offspring considerably greater than females. Significant decreases in
plasma insulin-like growth factor and plasma sex steroids and
increased pituitary growth hormone were also observed.
Groups:
DDW = Dams and pups received distilled deionized water entire study
Ac/Ac = Dams and pups received acetic acid solution entire study
Preg = Dams received 0.6% Pb water from GD 5 to parturition
Lact = Dams received 0.6% Pb water during lactation only
P + L = Dams received 0.6% Pb water from GD 5 through lactation
Postnatal = Dams and pups received 0.6% Pb water from parturition
through adulthood
Pb/Pb = Dams and pups received 0.6% Pb water from GD 5 through
adulthood
Rat Early bone growth was significantly depressed in a dose-dependent
fashion in pups of all Pb-exposed groups, with growth suppression in
male offspring considerably greater than females. Significant
decreases in plasma insulin-like growth factor and plasma sex steroids
and increased pituitary growth hormone were also observed.
Between age 57 and 85 days growth rates were similar in control and
Pb-exposed pups, suggesting exposure at critical growth periods such
as puberty and gender may account for differences in growth reported
by various investigators.
Rat Exposure to 0.02% Pb nitrate (125 ppm Pb) did not significantly affect
growth, though males weighed significantly less than females.
Whole blood Pb (µg/dL) in
male/female offspring at age
Day 85:
DDW = 5.5 ± 2.0/6.8 ± 1.5;
Ac/Ac = 1.9 ± 0.2/1.4 ± 0.3;
Preg = 9.1 ± 0.7*/11.6 ± 4.6*;
Lact = 3.3 ± 0.4/3.4 ± 0.8;
P + L = 16.1 ± 2.3*/10.4 ± 1.8*;
Postnatal = 226.0 ± 29.0*/292.0 ±
53.0*;
Pb/Pb = 316.0 ±53.0*/264.0 ±
21.0*
*p < 0.05 compared to Ac/Ac
group.
Offspring:
0.05% Pb = 49 ± 6 µg/dL; 0.15%
Pb = 126 ± 16 µg/dL; 0.45% Pb =
263 ± 28 µg/dL
Rat Pups
5 days old: 43.3 ± 2.7 µg/dL
49 days old: 18.9 ± 0.7 µg/dL
(females: 19.94 ± 0.8 µg/dL;
males: 17.00 ± 1.1 µg/dL)
Ronis et al. (1998a)
Ronis et al. (1998b)
Camoratto et al. (1993)