Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-118
Table AX5-7.4. Effect of Chelator Combinations
Author Animal Species Lead Dosage Blood Lead Findings
Flora et al.
(2004)
Jones et al.
(1994)
Kostial et al.
(1999)
Flora et al.
(2004)
Sivaprasad et al.
(2004)
Malvezzi et al.
(2001)
Tandon et al.
(1997)
Wistar rats 1000 ppm Pb acetate for 4 mo 46 µg/dL-Pb
Mice 10 i.p. injections of Pb acetate,
5.0 mg/kg
Wistar rats
(suckling)
5 mg Pb/kg i.p. H 1
Chel agents days 2 and 3
Wistar rats 1000 ppm Pb acetate H 2 mo
Wistar rats 2000 ppm Pb acetate H 5 wks
Wistar rats 750 ppm Pb acetate H 70 days
DMSA, arginine, DMSA + arg or
H2O H 30 days
Rats 1000 ppm Pb acetate for 7 wks.
Dithiocarbamate H 4 days
12.8 µg/dL-combined Rx
—
—
—
—
67.8 µg/dL to 11.2 µg/dL
in H 2O Rx’ed to 6.1
µg/dL in DMSA + arg
105.3 µg/dL in Pb
86 µg/dL in
dithiocarbamate.
5 days Rx with DMSA. CaNa 2EDTA, or DMSA +
CaNa2EDTA. Comb Rx resulted in increased ALAD and
decreased Pb in blood, liver, brain, and femur.
Mice Rx’ed with DMSA, CaNa 2EDTA, ZnNa 2EDTA, or
ZnNa 3DTPA 1.0 mmol/kg/d 4–8 days. CaNa 2EDTA most
effective in removing brain Pb; DMSA in removing kidney
and bone Pb.
EDTA, DMSA, racemic DMSA, EDTA + DMSA, EDTA +
rac DMSA given. EDTA reduced Zn in carcass and liver; rac
DMSA reduced Zn in kidneys. DMSA reduced Pb w/o
affecting Zn.
DMSA, taurine or DMSA + taurine given for 5 days. Both
taurine and DMSA restored GSH. Comb of DMSA + taurine
increased RBC SOD and decreased TBARS, while most
effectively depleting blood, liver, and brain Pb.
DMSA, lipoic acid or combination given during 6th week.
Renal enzymes, kidney Pb and renal ALAD restored by
combined Rx.
Pb increased BP and Pb levels in blood, liver, femur, kidney,
and aorta. DMSA + L-arginine most effective in lowering BP
and mobilizing Pb from tissues.
Two dithiocarbamates were compared: N-benzyl-D-glucamine
and N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-D-glucamine. They were only
partially effective in restoring ALAD, reducing liver and
kidney, but not brain Pb. They depleted Zn, Cu, and Ca.