Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-112
Table AX5-7.1. Light Microscopic, Ultrastructural, and Functional Changes
Author Animal Species Lead Dosage Blood Lead Findings
Khalil-Manesh
et al. (1992a)
Khalil-Manesh
et al. (1992b)
Khalil-Manesh
et al. (1993a)
Sanchez-
Fructuoso et al.
(2002a)
Sanchez-
Fructuoso et al.
(2002b)
Papaioannou et al.
(1998)
Sprague-Dawley
rat
Sprague-Dawley
rat
Sprague-Dawley
rat
0.5% Pb acetate in drinking water
for 12 mo
0.5% Pb discontinued after 6 mo
0.01% Pb discontinued after 6 mo
DMSA 0.5% used in 1/2
Max 125.4 µg/dL
Mean 55 µg/dL
Hi Pb @12 mo
Disc 30.4 µg/dL
Disc + DMSA 19.1 µg/dL
Ctrl 3.1 µg/dL
Lo Pb@12mo
Disc 6.9 µg/dL
DMSA5.5 µg/dL
0.01% Pb acetate for 12 mo Max 29.4 µg/dL
Range 9–34 µg/dL
Wistar rat 500 ppm (0.05%) Pb acetate for
2 mo, then EDTA
Wistar rat 500 ppm (0.05%) Pb acetate for
2 mo, then EDTA
Dogs 12 mg Pb acetate i.p. H 10
Max 52.9 µg/dL
Day 90: 33.2
Day 137: 22.8
Ctrl: 5.90 µg/dL
Max 52.9 µg/dL
Day 90: 33.2
Day 137: 22.8
Ctrl: 5.90 µg/dL
—
Hyperfiltration at 3 mo. Decreased filtration at 12 mo.
NAG and GST elevated.
Nuclear inclusion bodies at all times.
Tubulointerstitial scarring from 6 mo.
No arterial or arteriolar pathology.
High Pb:
Nuclear inclusion bodies prominent.
Tubulointerstitial disease severe but less than 12 mo
continuous DMSA caused reduction in nuclear inclusion
bodies and tubuloint decrease, and an increase in GFR.
Low Pb:
Neg pathology and increase in GFR with DMSA
GFR increased at 1 and 3 mo.
NAG increased but GST normal.
Pathology neg except at 12 mo—mild tubular atrophy and
interstitial fibrosis seen.
Rats given Pb to day 90, then treated with EDTA or untreated
to day 137.
Marked decrease in kidney, liver, and brain Pb with EDTA but
no change in femur Pb
Hypertrophy and vacuolization of medium and small arteries,
mucoid edema and muscular hypertrophy of arterioles, include
bodies and fibrosis.
EDTA slowed progression.
Pb includes bodies intracytoplasmically in mesothelial and
giant cells of peritoneum and in interstitial connective tissue
cells of kidney. None in prox tubules of kidney.