Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-109
Table AX5-6.19 (cont’d). Genotoxic/Carcinogenic Effects of Lead—Mitogenesis Human and Animal Cell Culture Studies
Compound
Assay (Concentration and
Exposure Time)
Pb nitrate Mitotic Index
(3–30 µM for 2h +16 h recovery)
Pb nitrate Mitotic Index
(0.05–1 µM for 3–12 h)
Cell Type and
Culture Medium Co-exposure Effects Reference
CHO cells in EMEM +
10% FBS
CHO AA8 in DMEM
+10% NCS
Pb nitrate Apoptosis (15–240 µM for 3 h) Rat Alveolar
Macrophages in DMEM
+ 10% FBS
None Lower concentrations (1 and 3 µM) of Pb nitrate
significantly increased the mitotic index. Higher
concentrations (10 and 30 µM) had no effect.
Crown ethers to modify
effect through chelation
and uptake
Abbreviations
G12–CHV79 are derived from V79;
V79 are a Chinese Hamster Lung Cell Line;
hTERT is the catalytic subunit of human telomerase
Medium and Components
AMEM—Alpha Minimal Essential Medium;
DMEM—Dulbecco’s Minimal Essential Medium;
DMEM/F12—Dulbecco’s Minimal Essential Medium/Ham’s F12;
EMEM—Eagle’s Minimal Essential Medium;
BSA—Bovine Serum Albumin
CCS—Cosmic Calf Serum
FBS—Fetal Bovine Serum
FCS—Fetal Calf Serum
NCS—Newborn Calf Serum
Differences between the serum types are unclear as insufficient details are provided by authors to distinguish.
Pb nitrate dramatically reduced the mitotic index at 1 µM
though this was not statistically analyzed. There was no
effect on mitotic index at lower concentrations. Crown
ethers had no modifying effect.
Lin et al. (1994)
Cai and Arenaz
(1998)
None Pb nitrate induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Shabani and
Rabbani (2000)