Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-95
Table AX5-6.10. Genotoxic/Carcinogenic Effects of Lead—Genotoxicity Animal Cell Cultures DNA Damage
Compound Assay (Concentration
and Exposure Time) Cell Type and Culture Medium Co-exposure Effects Reference
Pb acetate DNA damage as alkaline
elution (exposure time and
dose not given)
Precipitate at 1000 µM and
higher.
Pb acetate DNA strand breaks as nick
translation (1700 µM for
5 days)
Or supercoiled relaxation
(1000 µM for 5 days)
Insoluble precipitate at high
dose.
Pb chromate DNA damage as alkaline
elution (0.4–8 µg/cm 2 for
24 h plus 24 recovery)
Pb chromate DNA adducts
(0.8 or 8 µg/cm 2 for 24 h)
Pb nitrate DNA Protein Crosslinks as
SDS precipitation
(50–5,000 µM for 4 h)
V79 CHL–HPRT low clone in Ham’s
F12 +10% FBS
G12–CHV79 cells with 1 copy gpt
gene in Ham’s F12 + 5% FBS
Chinese Hamster Ovary AA8 cells in
AMEM + 10% FBS
Chinese Hamster Ovary AA8 cells in
AMEM + 10% FBS
None No DNA damage (Single strand breaks, DNAprotein
crosslinks or DNA-DNA crosslinks).
However, the data was not shown
See also Table
AX5-6.17
Pb acetate did not induce SSB. Pb acetate
(1700 µM) did increase nick translation when an
exogenous polymerase was added. There were no
statistical analyses of these data.
None Pb chromate induced DNA single strand breaks in
a concentration dependent manner, which were all
repaired by 24 h post-treatment.
Pb chromate induced DNA protein crosslinks in a
concentration dependent manner, which persisted
at 24 h post-treatment.
Pb chromate did not induce DNA-DNA
crosslinks.
This study was focused on chromate.
Vitamin C (1 mM as
pretreatment for 24 h)
Vitamin E (25 µM as
pretreatment for 24 h)
Pb chromate induced DNA adducts in a
concentration dependent manner. Vitamins C and
E blocked DNA adducts induced by Pb chromate.
This study was focused on chromate.
Novikoff ascites hepatoma cells None Pb nitrate induced DNA protein crosslinks in a
concentration dependent manner.
Zelikoff et al. (1988)
Roy and Rossman
(1992)
Xu et al. (1992)
Blankenship et al.
(1997)
Wedrychowski et al.
(1986)