Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-93
Table AX5-6.9 (cont’d). Genotoxic/Carcinogenic Effects of Lead—Genotoxicity Animal Cell Cultures Clastogenicity
Compound
Assay (Concentration and
Exposure Time)
Pb acetate SCE (1–10 µM for 26 h+) V79 in AMEM + 10% FBS None
See also
Table AX5-6.17
Pb acetate Micronucleus assay
(0.01–10 µM for 18 h)
Pb nitrate SCE Formation (500–3,000 µM for
24 h)
Precipitate at 1000 µM and higher.
Pb nitrate Micronucleus formation
(3–30 µM for 2 h +16 h recovery)
SCE (3–30 µM for 2 h +16 h recovery)
Cell Type and Culture
Medium Co-exposure Effects Reference
Chinese Hamster V79 cells in
DMEM + 10% FCS
V79 CHL–HPRT low clone in
Ham’s F12 +10% FBS
CHO cells in EMEM + 10%
FBS
Pb nitrate SCE (0.05–1 µM for 3–12 h) CHO AA8 in DMEM +10%
NCS
Pb acetate alone did not induce SCE. Only 25 cells per
treatment analyzed.
None Pb acetate induced an increase in micronuclei that
increased with concentration and reached a plateau.
Two experiments were done and presented separately as a
Figure and a Table. The magnitude of the effects was
small to modest and statistics were not done.
Hartwig
et al. (1990)
Bonacker
et al. (2005)
None No SCE. Only 30 cells analyzed per treatment. Zelikoff
et al. (1988)
None Pb nitrate did not induce micronuclei formation
Pb nitrate induces a concentration-dependent increase in
SCE (3, 10, 30 µM).
Crown ethers to
modify effect
through chelation
and uptake
Pb nitrate caused a weak concentration-dependent
increase in SCE. These data were not statistically
analyzed. The effect was reduced by a crown ether
probably because a similar reduction was seen in
spontaneous SCE.
Lin et al.
(1994)
Cai and
Arenaz
(1998)