Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-92
Compound
Table AX5-6.9. Genotoxic/Carcinogenic Effects of Lead—Genotoxicity Animal Cell Cultures Clastogenicity
Assay (Concentration and
Exposure Time)
Pb chromate Chromosome Aberrations
(0.4–8 µg/cm 2 for 24 h)
Pb chromate Chromosome Aberrations
(0.8–8 µg/cm 2 for 24 h)
Pb chromate Chromosome Aberrations
(0.8 or 8 µg/cm 2 for 24 h)
Pb chromate Chromosome Aberrations
(0.8–8 µg/cm 2 for 24 h)
Pb glutamate Chromosome Aberrations
(500–2,000 µM for 24 h)
Pb nitrate Chromosome Aberrations
(500–2,000 µM for 24 h)
Insoluble precipitate at all
concentrations
Pb nitrate Chromosome Aberrations
(3–30 µM for 2 h +16 h recovery)
Pb nitrate Chromosome aberrations
(0.05–1 µM for 3–12 h)
Cell Type and Culture
Medium Co-exposure Effects Reference
Chinese Hamster Ovary AA8
cells in AMEM + 10% FBS
Chinese Hamster Ovary AA8
cells in AMEM + 10% FBS
Chinese Hamster Ovary AA8
cells in AMEM + 10% FBS
Chinese Hamster Ovary AA8
cells in AMEM + 10% FBS
Chinese Hamster Ovary AA8
cells in AMEM + 10% FBS
Chinese Hamster Ovary AA8
cells in AMEM + 10% FBS
Chinese Hamster Ovary cells
in EMEM + 10% FBS
Chinese Hamster Ovary AA8
cells in DMEM +10% NCS
None Pb chromate induced chromosome damage in a
concentration dependent manner.
This study was focused on chromate.
Vitamin C (1 mM for
24 h as co-exposure to
block Cr uptake)
Vitamin E (25 µM as
pretreatment for 24 h)
Vitamin C (1 mM as
pretreatment for 24 h)
Vitamin E (25 µM as
pretreatment for 24 h)
Vitamin E (25 µM as
pretreatment for 24 h)
Vitamin E (25 µM as
pretreatment for 24 h)
Pb chromate induced chromosome damage in a
concentration dependent manner. This effect and uptake
of Cr ions were blocked by vitamin C.
This study was focused on chromate.
Pb chromate induced chromosome damage in a
concentration dependent manner. Vitamin E blocked
clastogenic activity of Pb chromate, but had no effect on
other Pb compounds.
This study found that the chromosome damage was
mediated by chromate ions and not Pb ions
Pb chromate induced chromosome damage in a
concentration dependent manner. Vitamins C and E
blocked clastogenic activity of Pb chromate.
This study was focused on chromate.
Pb glutamate induced chromosome damage at 1 mM but
not at higher or lower concentrations.
Vitamin E did not modify this effect.
Wise et al.
(1992)
Wise et al.
(1993)
Wise et al.
(1994)
Blankenship
et al. (1997)
Wise et al.
(1994)
Pb nitrate did not induce chromosome damage. Wise et al.
(1994)
None Pb nitrate did not induce chromosome damage. Lin et al.
(1994)
Crown ethers to
modify effect through
chelation and uptake
Pb nitrate did not induce chromosome damage. Cai and
Arenaz
(1998)