Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-77
Table AX5-6.1 (cont’d). Genotoxic/Carcinogenic Effects of Lead—Laboratory Animal Studies
Compound Dose and Duration Cell Type Co-exposure Effects Reference
Pb acetate 50 or 1000 ppm 50 or 1000 ppm
given in drinking water for
280 days.
Number of mice pre group in initial
exposures not given.
Number of mice at end were 50 per
dose.
Pb acetate 60 mg/kg injected s.c. weekly for
5 wks followed by observation for
80 wks. 13 treated and 14 control
rats.
Pb acetate 1 or 100 µg/L given in the drinking
water for 31 wks
8 animals per group
Female albino Swiss
Mice–8 wks old
Fisher F344/NSle rats–
3 wks old
Male Wistar Rats—
weanlings
None Mice have high rate of spontaneous leukemia from endemic viral
infection.
No signs of Pb poisoning. No Pb effects on growth or weight
gain.
Pb did increase leukemia-related mortality possibly due to
immunosuppression.
Pb levels did increase in tissues.
Data indicate that Pb may be immunosuppressive, though the
exact mechanism is not understood.
None Pb induced tumors at the site of injection in 42% of rats
though data was not shown.
Control data not indicated or shown.
Pb accumulated in tumor tissue, tooth, and bone. This data
was shown.
0.2–4 % calcium
carbonate given in the
diet for 31 wks.
No differences in drinking water or food consumption.
High Pb and high calcium reduced growth.
No deaths in low calcium groups.
10/24 rats from high calcium diet died (4 from controls and 3
each from Pb groups). All 10 had kidney or bladder stones.
0/8 rats in low calcium no Pb had kidney pathology
2/8 rats in low calcium low Pb had nephrocalcinosis.
7/8 rats in low calcium high Pb had nephrocalcinosis.
3/4 rats in high calcium no Pb had nephrocalcinosis.
1/5 rats in high calcium low Pb had a renal pelvic carcinoma.
3/5 rats had nephrocalcinosis.
3/5 rats in high calcium high Pb had transitional cell
hyperplasia. 2/5 rats had invasive renal pelvic carcinoma.
Pb tissue levels were same regardless of dietary calcium
levels.
Blakley
(1987)
Teraki and
Uchiumi (1990)
Bogden et al.
(1991)