Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-64
Table AX5-5.1 (cont’d). In Vivo and In Vitro Studies of the Effects of Lead Exposure on Production and Metabolism of
Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide, and Soluble Guanylate Cyclease
Reference
Ding et al.
(2001)
Ding et al.
(2000)
Pb Exposure Measured Parameters
Species/
Tissue Age/Weight n Dosage Duration Pb Level CVS Other Interventions Results
Male SD rats 2 mo
200 g
Cultured rat
aorta
endothelial
cells
Attri (2003) Male Wistar
Kyoto rats
Malvezzi
(2001)
Male Wistar
rats
N/A $4
experiment
150–200 g
5–6 wks
(170 g)
N/A 100 ppm 3 mo Blood Pb 12.4 ±
1.8 µg/dL vs. 1
mg/dL in
controls
10 per
group
4–10 per
group
0–1 ppm 1, 2, 24, 84 hr 0–1 ppm culture
media
Pb acetate,
100 ppm in
water ±
Vit C 20
mg/d/rat
Pb acetate
750 ppm in
water
1–3 mo
Blood Pb
1.5 mg/dL at
1 mo
2.4 mg/dL at
2 mo
4.1 mg/dL at
3 mo
100 days Blood, bone,
kidney, aorta,
liver
BP Response to
DMTU
administration,
tissue
nitrotyrosine,
hydroxyl radical
N/A Hydroxyl radical
production using
the following
reaction (Na
Salicylate + OH
→ 2,3dihydroxy
benzoic acid),
MDA
BP Total antioxidant
capacity, ferricreducing
antioxidant
power, NO
metabolites,
MDA,
8-hydroxyguano
sine
i.v. infusion of
DMTU
Pb caused HTN, ↑plasma
nitrotyrosine,
↑plasma.OH
concentration all reversed
with .OH-scavenger,
DMTU infusion
None Pb exposure resulted in
conc-dependent rise in
MDA and OH
production by cultured
endothelial cells.
Response to
vitamin C.
BP — Response to L.
arg, DMSA, L.
arg .+ DMSA
(given together
w/Pb in last
30 days
Pb caused ↑BP, ↑MDA,
↑DNA damage/
oxidation, ↓NOx,
↓antioxidant and ferricreducing
antioxidant.
Concomitant Rx with Vit-
C ameliorated all
abnormalities.
↑BP w/Pb, partial ↓BP
w/L. Arg or DMSA,
greater reduction w/both,
blood and aorta PB
remained ↑ in all but
DMSA + L. Arg group.
Significant Pb
mobilization shown in
other organs.