Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-61
Table AX5-5.1. In Vivo and In Vitro Studies of the Effects of Lead Exposure on Production and Metabolism of Reactive
Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide, and Soluble Guanylate Cyclease
Reference
Khalil-
Manesh et al.
(1994)
Gonick et al.
(1997)
Ding et al.
(1998)
Pb Exposure Measured Parameters
Species/
Tissue Age/Weight n Dosage Duration Pb Level CVS Other Interventions Results
Male SD
rats
Male SD
rats
Male SD
rats
Vaziri (1997) Male SD
rats
Dursun
(2005)
Male SD
rats
200 g N/A Pb-acetate,
100 ppm in
water
2 mo
200 g
6 Pb-acetate,
100 ppm in
water
2 mo N/A Pb-acetate,
100 ppm in
water
190 g 12 Pb-acetate,
100 ppm in
water
24 Pb acetate
8 mg/kg IP
6 mo 7 ± 3.6 µg/d BP, tail art.
ring response
to NE
3 mo 12.4 ± 1.8 µg/dL BP cGMP, NO2 +
NO3, ET-1,
ET-3, MDA,
eNOS, iNOS
3 mo 3.2 ± 0.2 µg/dL BP Urine NO2 +
NO3, plasma
MDA
3 mo 17 ± 9 µg/dL BP Plasma MDA
urine NO2 +
NO3
2 wks BP, RBF Ur Na, Ur
NO2 + NO3,
24 hr UrNa
(Na + intake
Not given )
ET-3, cGMP DMSA RX Pb caused HTN, ↑ET3,
↓U cGMP (NS) (no
effect on NE reactivity).
DMSA Rx lowered BP
and Vasc response to NE
and raised cGMP
— HTN, ↑MDA, ↑eNOS,
↑iNOS (protein and
activity in kidney)
DMSA (0.5% H2O)
H 2 wks, i.v.
infusions of L.
Arg., SOD and SNP
Antioxidant Rx
(Lazaroid)
Pb caused HTN, ↓urine
NO2+NO3, ↑plasma
MDA. DMSA lowered
BP, blood Pb and MDA
+ raised urine NO2 +
NO3. L-Arg lowered BP
and MDA, raised
NO2+NO3, SNP lowered
BP
Pb caused HTN, ↑MDA,
↓urine NO2+NO3 in
untreated animals.
Antioxidant Rx improved
HTN, urine NO2 + NO3
and lowered MDA
without changes in blood
Pb level
↑BP, ↓RBF, ↓UrNO2 +
NO3, unchanged UrNa +