Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-56
Citation
Table AX5-4.3 (cont’d). Effect of Lead on Reproduction and Development in Mammals Effects on Females
Species/
Strain/Age
Foster (1992) Monkey/
Cynomolgus,
0–10 yrs old
Foster et al.
(1992)
Foster et al.
(1996b)
Franks et al.
(1989)
Fuentes et al.
(1996)
Gorbel et al.
(2002)
Monkey/
Cynomolgus,
10 yrs old
Monkey/
Cynomolgus,
15–20 yrs old
Monkey/Rhesus,
adult
Mouse/Swiss,
adult
Rat/NOS,
3 mo old
Dose/Route/
Form/Duration Endpoint
Daily dosing for up to 10 yrs
with gelatin capsules
containing Pb acetate
(1.5 mg/kg); 8 control group
monkeys, 8 lifetime exposure
(birth–10 yrs), 8 childhood
exposure (birth–400 days),
and 8 adolescent exposure
(postnatal day 300–10 yrs of
age)
Daily dosing for up to 10 yrs
with gelatin capsules
containing Pb acetate
(1.5 mg/kg); 8 control group
monkeys, 8 childhood (birth–
400 days), 7 adolescent
(postnatal day 300–10 yrs),
7 lifetime (birth–10 yrs)
Chronic exposure to Pb
acetate 50 to 2000 µg/kg-d
p.o. beginning at birth for
15–20 yrs; 20 control
monkeys, 4 monkeys in
50 µg/kg-d group, 3 monkeys
in 100 µg/kg-d, 2 monkeys in
500 µg/kg-d group, and
3 monkeys in 2000 µg/kg-d
group
Pb acetate in drinking water
(2–8 mg/kg-d) for 33 mo; 7
control and 10 Pb monkeys
14, 28, 56, and 112 mg/kg Pb
acetate via i.p; one time
exposure on GD 9
3 mg (P1) or 6 mg (P2) Pb
acetate in drinking water for
15, 30, 45, 60, or 90 days
Statistically significant reductions in circulating levels of LH (p < 0.042), FSH
(p < 0.041), and E2 (p < 0.0001) during menstrual cycle; progesterone concentrations
were unchanged and menstrual cycle was not significantly affected.
Blood Lead Concentration
(PbB)
PbB