Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-51
Citation
Piasek and
Kostial (1987)
Pinon-
Lataillade
et al. (1993)
Pinon-
Lataillade
et al. (1995)
Rodamilans
et al. (1988)
Ronis et al.
(1996) †
Ronis et al.
(1998a)
Table AX5-4.2 (cont’d). Effect of Lead on Reproduction and Development in Mammals Effects on Males
Species/
Strain/Age Dose/Route/Form/Duration Endpoint
Rat/Albino,
(NOS), adult
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley,
90 days old
Mouse/NMRI,
adult
Mouse/BALB/c,
63 days old
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, adult
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley, adult
1500, 3500, and 5500 ppm of
Pb acetate in drinking water
for 18 wks
0–0.3% Pb acetate in
drinking water for 70 days
5 mg/m 2 Pb oxide in aerosol
for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk,
90 days
0–0.5% Pb acetate in
drinking water, day 1 of
gestation until 60 days of age
0–366 mg Pb acetate/L in
drinking water for 30, 60, 90,
120, 150, 180 days
0.6% Pb acetate in drinking
water for various durations:
PND 24–74 (pubertal
exposure); PND 60–74 (post
pubertal exposure); 11 males
and females in pubertal
exposure group (10 each in
control pubertal group);
6 males and females postpubertal
exposure and control
groups
0.6% Pb acetate in drinking
water ad libitum for various
durations as follows: GD 5 to
PND 1; GD 5 to weaning;
PND 1 to weaning; 3 control
litters, 2 gestation exposure
litters, 2 lactation exposure
litters, 2 gestation and
lactation exposure litters,
2 postnatal exposure litters,
2 chronic exposure litters;
4 male and 4 female pups
per litter.
No overt signs of general toxicity in adult female rats, only at the end of the exposure
period the mean body weight of males exposed to two higher levels was slightly lower;
no effect of Pb exposure on male fertility either after first or after second mating; values
in the pups did not differ from control group.
Decreased weight of seminal vesicles in inhalation study; no effects on spermatogenesis
(epididymal sperm count, spermatozoal motility or morphology) or plasma testosterone,
LH, and FSH; no effects on fertility; decrease in epididymal sperm count of progeny of
sires of the inhalation group, however without effect on their fertility.
No effects on testicular histology, nor on number and morphology of epididymal
spermatozoa; no effects on plasma FSH, LH, and testosterone, nor on testicular
testosterone; decreased weight of testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, and ventral
prostate; no effects on fertility.
Reduction of intratesticular testosterone concentrations after 30 days; reduction of and
renostenedione concentrations after 150 days; no changes in intratesticular progesterone
and hydroxy-progesterone.
PbB > 250 µg/dL reduced circulating testosterone levels in male rats 40–50%
(p < 0.05); reduction in male secondary sex organ weight (p < 0.005); delayed vaginal
opening (p < 0.0001); disrupted estrous cycle in females (50% of rats); increased
incidence of stillbirth (2% control vs. 19% Pb) (p < 0.005).
Suppression of adult mean serum testosterone levels was only observed in male pups
exposed to Pb continuously from GD 5 throughout life (p < 0.05).
Blood Lead Concentration
(PbB)
PbB not reported
PbB 58 ± 1.7 µg/dL (oral)
PbB 51.1 ± 1.8 µg/dL
(inhalation)
PbB