Air Quality Criteria for Lead Volume II of II - (NEPIS)(EPA) - US ...

AX5-49
Citation
Johansson
et al. (1987)
Kempinas
et al. (1988)
Kempinas
et al. (1990)
Kempinas
et al. (1994)
Klein et al.
(1994)
Liu et al.
(2001)
Liu et al.
(2003)
Table AX5-4.2 (cont’d). Effect of Lead on Reproduction and Development in Mammals Effects on Males
Species/
Strain/Age Dose/Route/Form/Duration Endpoint
Mouse/NMRI,
9–10 wks old
Rat/Wistar,
adult
Rat/NOS,
pubertal
Rat/Wistar,
50 days old
Rat/Sprague-
Dawley,
100 days old
Mouse,
MA-10 cells
Mouse,
MA-10 cells
1 g/L Pb chloride in drinking
water for 16 wks
0.5 g/L and 1.0 g/L Pb acetate
in drinking water for 90 days
(1.0 g/L) Pb acetate in
drinking water in addition to
i.v. injections of Pb acetate
(0.1 mg/100 g bw) every
10 days, 20 days
(1.0 g/L) Pb acetate in
drinking water in addition to
i.v. injections of Pb acetate
(0.1 mg/100 g bw) every
15 days, 9 mo
0–1 g Pb acetate/L in
drinking water + 0.1 mg/kg
i.v. every 10 days for 20 days
0–1 g Pb acetate/L in
drinking water + 0.1 µg/kg
i.v. every 15 days for
270 days
0.1, 0.3, or 0.6% Pb acetate in
distilled water for 21 days
10 −8 to 10 −5 Pb acetate in
vitro for 2 hr
10 −8 to 10 −5 Pb acetate in
vitro for 6 hr incubated
Spermatozoa had significantly lower ability to fertilize mouse eggs; morphologically
abnormal embryos were found.
PbB exhibited a significant increase in both groups; decrease in hematocrit and
hemoglobin, together with a rise in glucose levels; no signs of lesion were detected
upon histological examination of testes, caput, and cauda epididymidis; an increase in
ductal diameter, and a decrease in epithelial height were observed in the cauda
epididymidis; concentration of spermatozoa stored in the caudal region of the
epididymis exhibited a significant increase in Pb-treated animals.
Basal levels of testosterone were higher both in the plasma and in the testes of acutely
intoxicated animals; levels of LH were not affected in either group, nor was the LHRH
content of the median eminence; density of LH/hCG binding sites in testicular
homogenates was reduced by saturnism in both groups, apparent affinity constant of the
hormone-receptor, complex significantly increased.
Increased plasma and testicular testosterone concentrations; no effects on testicular
weight; reduced weight of prostate; increased weight of seminal vesicle and seminal
secretions.
2–3-fold enhancement of mRNA levels of GnRH and the tropic hormone LH; 3-fold
enhancement of intracellular stores of LH; mRNA levels of LH and GnRH and pituitary
levels of stored LH are proportional to blood levels of Pb.
Significantly inhibited hCG- and dbcAMP-stimulated progesterone production in
MA-10 cells; steroid production stimulated by hCG or dbcAMP were reduced by Pb;
expression of StAR protein and the activities of P450 side-chain cleavage (P450) and
3ß-HSD enzymes detected; expression of StAR protein stimulated by bdcAMP was
suppressed by Pb at about 50%; progesterone productions treated with 22Rhydroxycholesterol
or pregnenolone were reduced 30–40% in Pb treated MA-10 cells.
Pb significantly inhibited hCG- and dbcAMP-stimulated progesterone production from
20 to 35% in MA-10 cells at 6 hr; Pb suppressed the expression of steriodogenesis acute
regulatory (StAR) protein from 30 to 55%; activities P450 side-chain cleavage
(P450scc) enzyme and 3ß-HSD were reduced by Pb from 15 to 25%.
Blood Lead Concentration
(PbB)
PbB not reported
PbB 65–103 µg/dL
PbB ~40 µg/dL
PbB 10–41 µg/dL
PbB 8.5–40 µg/dL
PbB 42–102 µg/dL
PbB not applicable–in vitro study
PbB not applicable–in vitro study